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  • 1
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    Heme in the marine environment: from cells to the iron cycle (2014)
    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Metallomics, 6 (1107).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Hemes are iron containing heterocyclic molecules important in many cellular processes. In the marine environment, hemes participate as enzymatic cofactors in biogeochemically significant processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrate assimilation. Further, hemoproteins, hemes, and their analogs appear to be iron sources for some marine bacterioplankton under certain conditions. Current oceanographic analytical methodologies allow for the extraction and measurement of heme b from marine material, and a handful of studies have begun to examine the distribution of heme b in ocean basins. The study of heme in the marine environment is still in its infancy, but some trends can be gleaned from the work that has been published so far. In this review, we summarize what is known or might be inferred about the roles of heme in marine microbes as well as the few studies on heme in the marine environment that have been conducted to date. We conclude by presenting some future questions and challenges for the field.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00031e
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Characterization of low molecular weight dissolved organic nitrogen by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (2009)
    American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 7 (1). pp. 52-63.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-24
    Description: Low molecular weight (LMW; 〈1 kDa) dissolved organic nitrogen ( DON) is the dominant DON fraction in marine systems. However, existing methods for DON characterization exclude this fraction through size exclusion or destruction during sample hydrolysis. In this study, we developed a method for the extraction and analysis of LMW peptides in saline waters. The procedure involves a solid phase extraction (SPE) preconcentration step using a polystyrene-divinylbenzene sorbent, then elution and detection by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS). The procedure was tested with 1-L water samples containing peptides (10 ng L(-1)) ranging from 188.2-1946.0 Da. The analytes were characterized using "top-down" sequencing to confirm their structure, and the method was then successfully applied to saline water samples extracted from a mono-algal culture of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. This enabled a number of unknown analytes to be partially sequenced (complete sequencing should be possible using additional MS(n) scans and larger sample volumes). The method allows for the detection of peptides at the ng L(-1) level and further preconcentration is possible. The SPE step allowed determination of peptides from saline water, a matrix incompatible with direct LC/MS analysis. The method can, therefore, be used in DON characterization studies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.4319/lom.2009.7.52
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry of hydroxamate siderophores (2001)
    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Analyst, 126 (8). pp. 1359-1362.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-30
    Description: Electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was applied to the detection of the iron complexes of the hydroxamate type siderophores ferrioxamine (FO), ferrichrome (FC) and iron(iii) rhodotoluate (FR). Mass spectra of the three siderophores produced by ESI-MS were dominated by the protonated (M + 1)(+) parent ions, except for FR at pH 4.3, which was present as the positively charged 1: 1 complex. On collision with He ions, fragmentation proceeded largely via cleavage of C-N bonds. Flow injection analysis of the siderophores with detection by ESI-MS produced detection limits of 1.9 fmol for FO, 31.1 fmol for FC and 524 fmol for FR.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1039/b101268l
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Metal ion-binding properties of phytochelatins and related ligands (2009)
    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  In: Metallothioneins and Related Chelators. , ed. by Sigel, A., Sigel, H. and Sigel, R. K. O. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, pp. 441-482. ISBN 978-1-84755-899-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-24
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    DOI: 10.1039/9781847559531
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 5
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    Metallophores associated with Trichodesmium erythraeum colonies from the Gulf of Aqaba (2019)
    Royal Society of Chemistry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: Trichodesmium is a globally important marine nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria which forms colonies and utilizes atmospherically derived dust as a source for the limiting micro-nutrient iron. Here we report the identification of metallophores isolated from incubations of natural Trichodesmium colonies collected from the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. Three of our compounds were identified as the ferrioxamine siderophores B, E, and G. The remaining fifteen metallophores had mass to charge ratios that, to our knowledge, are not common to known siderophores. Putative sum formulas suggest most of these compounds were not structurally related to each other. We also found that the novel metallophores readily formed complexes with aluminium and were less specific for Fe than the ferrioxamines. In our incubations of Trichodesmium colonies, the abundance of ten of the novel metallophores positively correlated with Trichodesmium biomass, but not with bacterial biomass, whilst ferrioxamine siderophores were more strongly associated with bacterial biomass. We identified ferrioxamines and our novel metallophores in filtered surface seawater samples from the Gulf of Aqaba. However, our novel metallophores were only observed in the surface seawater sample collected at the time of highest Trichodesmium abundance, while ferrioxamines were observed even when Trichodesmium was not present. We hypothesize that the novel metallophores were specifically associated with Trichodesmium colonies. Together with the bacterially produced ferrioxamines they likely contribute to a distinctive “ligandosphere” surrounding the Trichodesmium colonies, with potential implications for metal homeostasis within the colony environment.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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