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  • 1
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    A view of the Canary Basin thermocline circulation in winter (1992)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 97 (C8). pp. 12495-12510.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-04
    Description: During January and February 1989 the recirculation of the subtropical gyre in the eastern North Atlantic was surveyed with a three-ship experiment. The analysis of hydrographic measurements and velocity data from a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler reveals the synoptic-scale circulation patterns and water mass distributions in the Canary Basin. The geostrophic transport stream function estimated with a horizontally varying reference level of no motion highlights the major currents in three layers representing the vertical structure of the horizontal circulation. The classical circulation scheme is shown by the stream function in the upper 200 m: the Azores, Canary, and North Equatorial currents. Unlike the deep-penetrating Azores Current, the Canary Current and the North Equatorial Current are restricted to the upper 200 m. Both carry North Atlantic Central Water along the water mass boundary with South Atlantic Central Water. South Atlantic Central Water flows through the passage between the Cape Verde archipelago and Africa via narrow currents into the area north of 14.5°N. At the southern edge of the subtropical gyre we identify an eastward flow of Antarctic Intermediate Water between 700 and 1200 m.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/92JC01095
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Seven-year current meter record in the eastern North Atlantic (1988)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers, 35 (8). pp. 1259-1268.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: Continuous current measurements at the 1000 m level were obtained in the central Canary Basin of the northeast Atlantic near 33°N, 22°W for 2398 days. Even with this very long time series no statistically significant mean current could be estimated at that level, because the energetic fluctuations are large compared to the weak mean. In the eddy scale range, i.e. at current fluctuations are scales between 47 and 455 days, a pronounced anisotropy between zonal and meridional components is apparent. For the first time in the subtropical North Atlantic gyre our data allow confirmation of the expected spectral decrease beyond the eddy scale peak in an eastern basin. With respect to future global experiments we wonder if our results from an eastern basin location are representative for the general circulation at mid-ocean sites?
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(88)90082-9
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Some observations of the Azores Current and the North Equatorial Current (1989)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 94 (C3). p. 3181.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-17
    Description: The regions containing the two zonal currents of the subtropical gyre in the eastern North Atlantic, the Azores Current and the North Equatorial Current (NEC), have quite different physical characteristics. Associated with the Azores Current are strong horizontal thermohaline gradients that can be located easily both at the surface and at depth with temperature data alone, thus making satellite IR imagery and expendable bathythermograph profiles suitable for observing it. During winter, the surface expression of the Azores Current is often found to the north of the strongest subsurface gradients. In contrast to the Azores Current and to the central water mass boundary just to the south, the NEC has relatively weak horizontal temperature and salinity gradients, requiring density information in order to identify it. There is no clear surface manifestation found with the NEC. Common to both currents, though, is that each transports O(8 Sv) in the upper 800 m of the ocean near 27°W, with the largest velocities being in the upper 400 m.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/JC094iC03p03181
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    The Eastern Boundary Current System between the Canary Islands and the African Coast (2002)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 49 (17). pp. 3427-3440.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: To study the EasternBoundaryCurrentsystem off Northwest Africa in detail several CTD/ADCP-sections and long-term mooring work were carried out in the channel between Lanzarote and Africa. The observations are compared with a fine-resolution model, which was developed in the framework of the CANIGO project. The water masses, which are observed in this area, are characterised and classified in density ranges. The current field shows a high spatial and temporal variability with maximum velocities of about 35 cm/s. Seasonal means as well as currents averaged across the channel are only a few cm/s. In the surface water a steady southward flow in the middle of the channel indicates the CanaryCurrent in this area. During fall a strong northward current is observed close to the African shelf. Though the CanaryCurrent strengthens during summer and fall due to an increase of the trade winds, the transport in the channel decreases or turns northward during that time due to the enhanced poleward current at the eastern side. A northward undercurrent with a mean velocity of +2.3 cm/s is observed at the African slope in 950 m depth. The poleward transport of AAIW increases during fall and a strong influence of relatively fresh AAIW is observed during that time. Most of the observations fit well to the results of the CANIGO model, but the occurrence of MW at the bottom of the channel and the corresponding southward flow cannot be resolved by the model.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00105-4
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Direct measurements of western boundary currents off Brazil between 20°S and 28°S (1998)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 103 (C3). pp. 5429-5437.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-17
    Description: Current measurements from three moored arrays on the Brazilian continental slope between 20 degrees S and 28 degrees S are investigated for the existence and strength of western boundary currents from near the surface down to the North Atlantic Deep Water. The Brazil Current is found to deepen southward from 100 m to more than 670 m and to strengthen its volume transport to 16.2 x 10(6) m(3)/s. Antarctic Intermediate Water is transported in a well-developed boundary current southward at 28 degrees S and northward north of Cabo Frio (24 degrees S). This result supports earlier suggestions derived from the analysis of hydrographic data that Antarctic Intermediate Water enters the Brazil Basin from the east and bifurcates as it meets the continental break off Brazil. North Atlantic Deep Water is transported southward in a weakly developed boundary current that leads to lower estimates of volume transport than expected from earlier hydrographic data analysis.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/97JC03529
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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