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  • Electronic books.  (2)
  • 2020-2024  (1)
  • 2000-2004  (1)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Schlagwort(e): Ice clouds. ; Electronic books.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (287 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080508443
    DDC: 551.57/8
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Front Cover -- ICE MICRODYNAMICS -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- Preface -- Part 1: Shape and Microdynamics of Ice Particles and Their Effects in Cirrus Clouds -- Chapter 1. Ice Particles in the Atmosphere -- 1.1 Ice Particles-A Personal Perspective -- 1.2 Some Historical Notes on the Knowledge of Ice Particles in Ancient China -- 1.3 A Brief Summary of the Following Sections -- Chapter 2. Mathematical Descriptions of Ice Particle Size and Shape -- 2.1 Size Distribution versus Size-Shape Distributions -- 2.2 Mathematical Expression Describing the Two-Dimensional Shapes of Hexagonal Ice Crystals -- 2.3 Approximating an Exact Hexagonal Plate -- 2.4 Two-Dimensional Characterization of an Ensemble of Planar Hexagonal Ice Crystals -- 2.5 Mathematical Expressions Describing the Three-Dimensional Shapes of Ice Crystals -- 2.6 Mathematical Expressions Describing Conical Hydrometeors -- Chapter 3. Hydrodynamics of Ice Particles -- 3.1 Fall Attitude of Ice Particles -- 3.2 Review of Previous Studies -- 3.3 The Physics and Mathematics of Unsteady Flow Fields around Nonspherical Ice Particles -- 3.4 The Numerical Scheme -- 3.5 Results and Discussion -- Chapter 4. Vapor Diffusion, Ventilation, and Collisional Efficiencies of Ice Crystals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Vapor Diffusion Fields around a Stationary Columnar Ice Crystal -- 4.3 Ventilation Coefficients for Falling Ice Crystals -- 4.4 Collision Efficiencies of Ice Crystals Collecting Supercooled Droplets -- Chapter 5. Scavenging and Transportation of Aerosol Particles by Ice Crystals in Clouds -- 5.1 Importance of Aerosol Particles in the Atmosphere -- 5.2 Physical Mechanisms of Precipitation Scavenging -- 5.3 The Theoretical Problem of Ice Scavenging of Aerosol Particles -- 5.4 Physics and Mathematics of the Models -- 5.5 Efficiencies of Ice Plates Collecting Aerosol Particles. , 5.6 Efficiencies of Columnar Ice Crystals Collecting Aerosol Particles -- 5.7 Comparison of Collection Efficiency of Aerosol Particles by Individual Water Droplets, Ice Plates, and Ice Columns -- 5.8 Experimental Verification of Collection Efficiencies -- Chapter 6. Evolution of Ice Crystals in the Development of Cirrus Clouds -- 6.1 Cirrus Clouds, Radiation, and Climate -- 6.2 Physics of the Model -- 6.3 Design of the Present Simulation Study -- 6.4 Numerics of the Model -- 6.5 Results and Discussion -- Appendix A. Area of an Axial Cross Section -- Appendix B. Calculation of Volume -- Appendix C. Closed-Form Expression of the Conical Volume -- References -- Index.
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Singapore :Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,
    Schlagwort(e): Mathematical physics. ; Electronic books.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (183 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789813344310
    Serie: Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean and Space Series
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- References -- Contents -- 1 Clouds and Precipitation Particles -- 1.1 Clouds in the Atmosphere -- 1.2 Impact of Particle Motions on the Physics of Clouds -- 1.3 Cloud and Precipitation Particles -- 1.3.1 Cloud Particles -- 1.3.2 Precipitation Particles -- References -- 2 Observational Studies of Ice Hydrometeors and Their Fall Behavior -- References -- 3 Physics and Mathematics of the Hydrodynamics of Falling Ice Particles -- 3.1 Physical Configuration of the Problem -- 3.2 Numerical Methods of Solving Unsteady Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equation -- 3.2.1 ANSYS Fluent -- 3.2.2 Numerical Mesh Configuration -- 3.2.3 Specifying the Shapes of Ice Particles -- 3.2.4 Tait-Bryan Angles -- 3.2.5 Initial Perturbation -- 3.2.6 Instantaneous Velocity, Terminal Velocity and Reynolds Numbers -- 3.2.7 Computational Strategy -- 3.3 Ventilation: A Convective Diffusion Problem -- 3.4 Terminal Velocity -- References -- 4 Flow Fields and Fall Attitudes of Ice Hydrometeors -- 4.1 Flow Fields Around Freely Falling Hexagonal Ice Plates -- 4.1.1 Dimensions of Ice Plates -- 4.1.2 Terminal Velocities of Falling Ice Plates of 1-10 mm Diameter -- 4.1.3 Fall Attitudes -- 4.1.4 Characteristics of Flow Around Falling Ice Plates -- 4.1.5 Drag Coefficients -- 4.2 Flow Fields Around Freely Hexagonal Ice Columns -- 4.2.1 Dimensions of Hexagonal Ice Columns -- 4.2.2 Fall Patterns of Hexagonal Columns -- 4.2.3 Stability Diagram -- 4.2.4 Torque and Flow Fields -- 4.2.5 Drag Coefficients -- 4.2.6 Impact of Fluttering and Rotation of Ice Columns -- 4.3 Stellar and Broad Branch Crystals -- 4.3.1 Dimensions of Planar Ice Crystals -- 4.3.2 Flow Characteristics -- 4.3.3 Fall Attitudes -- 4.3.4 Vorticity -- 4.3.5 Terminal Velocity -- 4.3.6 Drag Coefficients -- 4.4 Fall Behavior of Snow Aggregates -- 4.5 Motion of Falling Conical Graupel. , 4.5.1 Defining the Shape of Conical Graupel -- 4.5.2 Dimensions of Conical Graupel -- 4.5.3 Fall Attitudes and Flow Characteristics -- 4.5.4 Horizontal Displacement -- 4.5.5 Drag Coefficients -- 4.6 Spherical Hailstones -- 4.6.1 Dimensions and Velocities of Hailstones Examined -- 4.6.2 Flow Characteristics -- 4.6.3 Drag Coefficients -- 4.7 Lobbed Hailstones -- 4.7.1 Mathematical Formulation for Lobed Hailstones -- 4.7.2 Characteristics of the Flow Fields Around Falling Lobed Hailstones -- 4.7.3 Drag Coefficients -- References -- 5 Ventilation Effect of Falling Ice Hydrometeors -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Vapor Density Distributions and Ventilation Coefficients -- 5.2.1 Planar Ice Crystals -- 5.2.2 Vapor Density Around Falling Smooth Spherical Hailstones -- 5.2.3 Vapor Distribution Around Falling Lobed Hailstones -- References.
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