Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physiology -- 1 Introduction: history and overview of insect hydrocarbons -- References -- 2 Structure and analysis of insect hydrocarbons -- Types of hydrocarbons -- n-Alkanes -- Unsaturated hydrocarbons -- Methyl-branched alkanes -- Analytical techniques -- Characterization of hydrocarbons -- Mass spectral fragmentation patterns -- Positions of double bonds -- Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in hydrocarbon analysis -- Distribution of hydrocarbons on the cuticle -- Unanswered questions -- References -- 3 Biosynthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons -- Site of cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis -- Biosynthetic pathways for hydrocarbons -- Mechanism of hydrocarbon formation -- Chain length specificity -- Methyl-branched hydrocarbon biosynthesis -- Methyl-branched fatty acids -- Propionate metabolism in insects -- Ecdysteroid regulation of hydrocarbon production in the housefly -- Metabolism of cuticular hydrocarbons -- Developmental regulation of hydrocarbon synthesis and deposition -- References -- 4 Molecular biology and genetics of hydrocarbon production -- Fatty acid synthetase -- Desaturases -- Comparison of Musca and Drosophila desaturases -- Drosophila desaturases genetic studies -- Role of Desat1 -- Role of Desat2 -- Expression of desat1 and desat2 in the Tai strain -- Role of DesatF -- Elongases -- Elongases involved in male 7-T/7-P ratio -- Elongases involved in female long HC synthesis -- cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) biosynthesis -- Are other genes involved in the HC synthesis pathway? -- Final steps involved in HC formation -- Evolution of HC synthesis enzymes in Drosophila -- First desaturation -- Second desaturation -- Evolution of HC synthesis enzymes in insects -- References. , 5 Site of synthesis, mechanism of transport and selective deposition of hydrocarbons -- Site of synthesis -- Transport of hydrocarbons with lipophorin -- Social insects, hydrocarbon transport and deposition -- Role of endocrine and physiological factors in regulation of biosynthesis and transport in social insects -- Site of synthesis -- Role of various glands in hydrocarbon production and storage -- Role of the postpharyngeal gland in ants -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Cuticular lipids and water balance -- Is cuticular permeability important? Cuticular and respiratory water-loss -- Correlations between cuticular lipids and water-loss rates -- The phase transition model for cuticular permeability -- Experimental tests of the phase transition model -- Lipid composition and physical properties: size doesn't matter (much) -- Theoretical consideration of the transition phenomenon -- Are cuticular lipids the entire story? Melanization and water-loss -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Chemical taxonomy with hydrocarbons -- Chemotaxonomy and sex pheromones -- Pheromone polymorphism in the Sophophora subgroup (Table 7.1) -- D. melanogaster and d. simulans polymorphism -- D. santomea and d. yakuba polymorphism -- Pheromone polymorphism in d. elegans -- Pheromone polymorphism in the Drosophila subgroup (Table 1) -- D. mojavensis cluster -- D. paulistorum -- Pheromone polymorphism in the adiastola subgroup -- Chemotaxonomy and insects of economic importance -- Food processing and agronomy -- Orthoptera, Mantodea (Table 7.2) -- Homoptera (Table 7.2) -- Coleoptera (Table 7.3) -- Other taxa -- Urban pests -- Insects of medical importance -- Nematocera (Diptera) suborder -- Diptera - Brachycera Suborder (Table 7.5) -- Hemiptera -- Hymenoptera -- Non-insects -- Chemotaxonomy, biodiversity and bioindicators -- Lepidoptera -- Coleoptera -- Dictyoptera. , Social Hymenopterans -- Isoptera -- Chemotaxonomy, phylogeny and speciation -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Chemical synthesis of insect cuticular hydrocarbons -- Preamble: convenient methods of purification of synthesized cuticular hydrocarbons -- Methods of synthesizing various classes of cuticular hydrocarbons -- References -- 9 Oxygenated derivatives of hydrocarbons -- Occurrence and structural identification -- Secondary alcohols -- Secondary alcohol esters -- Diols -- Methyl-branched alcohols -- Ethers -- Epoxides -- Epoxy derivatives of mono-alkenes -- Epoxy derivatives of di-alkenes -- Epoxy derivatives of di-alkenes -- Ketones -- Ketones as glandular lipids -- Ketones as glandular lipids -- Methyl-branched ketones -- Keto-alcohols, keto-aldehydes and keto-wax esters -- Function of oxygenated hydrocarbons -- Protective water barrier -- Chemical communication -- Ketones and secondary alcohols -- Methyl-branched ketones (German cockroach pheromone) -- Epoxides -- Pheromone databases -- References -- Part II Chemical Communication -- 10 Perception and olfaction of cuticular compounds -- Tip-recording method for electrophysiological study of chemosensory sensilla -- Functional searching for the ant CHC sensillum by electrophysiological method -- Perireceptor events and role of lipophilic ligand-carrier proteins -- Ligand binding of lipophilic ligand carrier proteins -- Chemoreception of cuticular hydrocarbons and aggressive behavior expression -- References -- 11 Nestmate recognition in social insects and the role of hydrocarbons -- Evidence for hydrocarbons as nestmate recognition cues -- Social parasites -- Correlative evidence and removal-and-replacement experiments -- Direct evidence for cuticular hydrocarbons -- Models of decision rules in nestmate recognition -- The early models -- The acceptance threshold. , Plasticity of the acceptance threshold -- The referents and gestalt odor -- The neural mechanism and a new model -- Synthesis -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Cuticular hydrocarbon cues in the formation and maintenance of insect social groups -- References -- 13 Hydrocarbon profiles indicate fertility and dominance status in ant, bee, and wasp colonies -- The importance of chemical communication in the regulation of reproduction in social insects -- Communication of reproductive status in social insects -- Hydrocarbon profiles and reproductive status -- Ants -- Species with workers having a limited reproductive potential -- Species with queens and workers having a strong reproductive potential -- Pure gamergate species -- Wasps -- Bees -- Hydrocarbon profiles and egg discrimination -- Ants -- Camponotus floridanus -- Dinoponera quadriceps -- Pachycondyla inversa -- Myrmecia gulosa and Aphaenogaster cockerelli -- Other ant species -- Wasps -- Polistes dominulus -- Bees: other potential egg-discrimination mechanisms -- Hydrocarbon profiles and social hierarchy -- Profile discrimination and worker reproduction -- Recognition of hydrocarbon profiles relating to fertility -- Effects on worker reproduction -- Patterns of profile variation -- Quantitative versus qualitative differences -- Ants -- Wasps -- Single versus multiple compounds and compound classes -- Cuticular profiles versus egg profiles -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Chemical deception/mimicry using cuticular hydrocarbons -- Plant-insect interactions -- Non-social arthropod interactions -- Non-social arthropod-social insect interactions (Table 14.1) -- Honeybee parasites -- Termitophiles -- Myrmecophiles -- Intraspecific mimicry in insects -- Artificially mixed social insect colonies -- Interactions among social insects. , Interactions among social insects belonging to different orders -- Interactions among social insects belonging to different genera -- Interactions among social insects within the same genus -- Interaction among social insects within the same species -- Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 15 Behavioral and evolutionary roles of cuticular hydrocarbons in Diptera -- Courtship and mating -- Drosophilidae -- D. melanogaster and D. simulans - major CHC components -- D. melanogaster and D. simulans - minor CHC components -- Calliphoridae -- Ostridae -- Muscidae -- Glossinidae -- Evolutionary and neurobiological considerations -- Male courtship of other males and of immature flies -- Intra-individual CHC variability -- Cucilidae -- Calliphoridae -- Muscidae -- Drosophilidae -- Fitness effects -- Interspecific variation and evolutionary effects -- Future prospects -- References -- 16 Contact recognition pheromones in spiders and scorpions -- Contact recognition pheromones in spiders -- Identification of silk and cuticle lipids -- Contact recognition pheromones and sexual behavior in spiders -- Contact recognition pheromones and social behavior in spiders -- Contact recognition pheromones in scorpions -- Chemosensory experimentation and cuticular compounds of Smeringerus mesaensis -- Identification and assay of chemical recognition signals in Hadrurus arizonensis -- Conclusion on the role of the determined mixtures for the two scorpion species -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 17 Hydrocarbons as contact pheromones of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) -- Contact pheromones in the mating systems of longhorned beetles -- The use of bioassays to study contact chemoreception of cerambycids -- Sampling cuticular hydrocarbons -- Qualitative and quantitative differences in hydrocarbon profiles of the sexes. , Contact pheromones as single compounds or blends.