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  • 1
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    Potential and limitations of applying the mean temperature approach to fossil otolith assemblages
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Environmental Biology of Fishes Vol. 105, No. 10 ( 2022-10), p. 1269-1286
    Details
    In: Environmental Biology of Fishes, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 105, No. 10 ( 2022-10), p. 1269-1286
    Abstract: Evaluation of the impact of climatic changes on the composition of fish assemblages requires quantitative measures that can be compared across space and time. In this respect, the mean temperature of the catch (MTC) approach has been proven to be a very useful tool for monitoring the effect of climate change on fisheries catch. Lack of baseline data and deep-time analogues, however, prevent a more comprehensive evaluation. In this study, we explore the applicability of the mean temperature approach to fossil fish faunas by using otolith assemblage data from the eastern Mediterranean and the northern Adriatic coastal environments corresponding to the last 8000 years (Holocene) and the interval 2.58–1.80 Ma B. P. (Early Pleistocene). The calculated mean temperatures of the otolith assemblage (MTO) range from 13.5 to 17.3 °C. This case study shows that the MTO can successfully capture compositional shifts in marine fish faunas based on variations in their climatic affinity driven by regional climate differences. However, the index is sensitive to methodological choices and thus requires standardized sampling. Even though theoretical and methodological issues prevent direct comparisons between MTO and MTC values, the MTO offers a useful quantitative proxy for reconstructing spatial and temporal trends in the biogeographic affinity of fossil otolith assemblages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0378-1909 , 1573-5133
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10641-022-01252-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Millennial-scale changes in abundance of brachiopods in bathyal environments detected by postmortem age distributions in death assemblage (Bari Canyon, Adriatic Sea)
    Geological Society of London ; 2023
    In:  Geological Society, London, Special Publications Vol. 529, No. 1 ( 2023-07-03), p. 153-174
    Details
    In: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Geological Society of London, Vol. 529, No. 1 ( 2023-07-03), p. 153-174
    Abstract: Inferring the composition of pre-Anthropocene baseline communities on the basis of death assemblages (DAs) preserved in a surface mixed layer requires discriminating among recently-dead shells sourced by living populations and older shells from extirpated populations. Here, we assess the distribution of postmortem ages in the DA formed by the brachiopod Gryphus vitreus at 580 m depth in the Bari Canyon (Adriatic Sea), with no individuals collected alive. The Gryphus DA exhibits millennial time averaging (inter-quartile range = 1250 years) and two modes in abundance at 500 and 1750 years BP. As high abundance of species in time-averaged DAs can reflect passive accumulation of shells sourced by populations with low standing population density, we reconstruct changes in annual density on the basis of the abundance maxima detected in the distribution of postmortem ages and on the basis of estimates of per-specimen disintegration rate. We find that adults ( 〉 20 mm) achieved densities of at least 10–20 individuals/m 2 (assuming lifespan is 10 years), and the pulses in abundance were thus associated with a high population density in the past, followed by the decline over the last few centuries. We infer that bathyal populations were volatile during the Late Holocene, with brachiopods sensitive to siltation that was induced by temporal changes in sediment dispersal into the Bari Canyon due to deforestation and climatic changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-8719 , 2041-4927
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1144/SP529-2022-117
    Language: English
    Publisher: Geological Society of London
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 3
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    Radiocarbon dating supports bivalve-fish age coupling along a bathymetric gradient in high-resolution paleoenvironmental studies
    Geological Society of America ; 2020
    In:  Geology Vol. 48, No. 6 ( 2020-06-01), p. 589-593
    Details
    In: Geology, Geological Society of America, Vol. 48, No. 6 ( 2020-06-01), p. 589-593
    Abstract: Studies of paleocommunities and trophic webs assume that multispecies assemblages consist of species that coexisted in the same habitat over the duration of time averaging. However, even species with similar durability can differ in age within a single fossil assemblage. Here, we tested whether skeletal remains of different phyla and trophic guilds, the most abundant infaunal bivalve shells and nektobenthic fish otoliths, differed in radiocarbon age in surficial sediments along a depth gradient from 10 to 40 m on the warm-temperate Israeli shelf, and we modeled their dynamics of taphonomic loss. We found that, in spite of the higher potential of fishes for out-of-habitat transport after death, differences in age structure within depths were smaller by almost an order of magnitude than differences between depths. Shell and otolith assemblages underwent depth-specific burial pathways independent of taxon identity, generating death assemblages with comparable time averaging, and supporting the assumption of temporal and spatial co-occurrence of mollusks and fishes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-7613 , 1943-2682
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1130/G47210.1
    DOI: 10.1130/2020173
    Language: English
    Publisher: Geological Society of America
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 4
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    Multiple phyla, one time resolution? Similar time averaging in benthic foraminifera, mollusk, echinoid, crustacean, and otolith fossil assemblages
    Geological Society of America ; 2022
    In:  Geology Vol. 50, No. 8 ( 2022-08-01), p. 902-906
    Details
    In: Geology, Geological Society of America, Vol. 50, No. 8 ( 2022-08-01), p. 902-906
    Abstract: Time averaging of fossil assemblages determines temporal precision of paleoecological and geochronological inferences. Taxonomic differences in intrinsic skeletal durability are expected to produce temporal mismatch between co-occurring species, but the importance of this effect is difficult to assess due to lack of direct estimates of time averaging for many higher taxa. Moreover, burial below the taphonomic active zone and early diagenetic processes may alleviate taxonomic differences in disintegration rates in subsurface sediments. We compared time averaging across five phyla of major carbonate producers co-occurring in a sediment core from the northern Adriatic Sea shelf. We dated individual bivalve shells, foraminiferal tests, tests and isolated plates of irregular and regular echinoids, crab claws, and fish otoliths. In spite of different skeletal architecture, mineralogy, and life habit, all taxa showed very similar time averaging varying from ~1800 to ~3600 yr (interquartile age ranges). Thus, remains of echinoids and crustaceans—two groups with multi-elemental skeletons assumed to have low preservation potential—can still undergo extensive age mixing comparable to that of the co-occurring mollusk shells. The median ages of taxa differed by as much as ~3700 yr, reflecting species-specific timing of seafloor colonization during the Holocene transgression. Our results are congruent with sequestration models invoking taphonomic processes that minimize durability differences among taxa. These processes together with temporal variability in skeletal production can overrule the effects of durability in determining temporal resolution of multi-taxic fossil assemblages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-7613 , 1943-2682
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1130/G49970.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Geological Society of America
    Publication Date: 2022
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041152-2
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  • 5
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    Inferring time averaging and hiatus durations in the stratigraphic record of high‐frequency depositional sequences
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Sedimentology Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 2022-04), p. 1083-1118
    Details
    In: Sedimentology, Wiley, Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 2022-04), p. 1083-1118
    Abstract: A sequence stratigraphic framework predicts that time averaging and hiatus durations will be long at times of fastest sea‐level rise. This prediction does not necessarily apply to environments where carbonate production keeps up with sea‐level rise and where undetected hiatuses decouple short‐term from long‐term sedimentation rates. The taphonomic clock, however, which measures the residence time of skeletal particles in the mixed layer, can estimate the duration of hiatuses if the rate of skeletal alteration is slow and if skeletal particles endure long‐term exposure in the mixed layer. Here, time averaging is calibrated by using evidence from alteration of bivalves in a metre‐scale Holocene sequence in the Adriatic Sea. In this sequence, transgressive molluscan lags, a maximum‐flooding zone shell bed with bivalves, and highstand bryomol assemblages were all deposited under similar long‐term sedimentation rates ( ca 0.01 to 0.03 cm year −1 ) and exhibit millennial time averaging. Median ages of valves stained by pyrite and cemented by high‐magnesium calcitic micritic envelopes exceeding ca 1000 years indicate that: (i) these authigenic processes are slow in subsurface zones with reducing conditions (with prolonged sulphate reduction and carbonate ions sourced from dissolved shells in the surface zones); and (ii) subsurface micrite precipitation prolongs the disintegration half‐lives of valves exhumed to surface zones from decades to millennia. The high abundance of stained valves, valves with micrite envelopes, and valves with composite alteration (encrusters and borers colonizing stained and cemented grains) thus identifies hiatuses and skeletal concentrations time‐averaged to 〉 1000 years. The upcore decrease in abundance of valves with composite alteration, coupled with temporally‐constant long‐term sedimentation rates and time averaging, indicates that a temporal decline in sediment exhumation was compensated by a decline in burial of skeletal carbonate produced by molluscs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0037-0746 , 1365-3091
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/sed.v69.3
    DOI: 10.1111/sed.12936
    RVK:
    RB 10121
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
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    Non‐indigenous molluscs in the Eastern Mediterranean have distinct traits and cannot replace historic ecosystem functioning
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 31, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 89-102
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 89-102
    Abstract: A large body of ecological theory predicts that non‐indigenous species (NIS) are successful invaders if their niches overlap little with native taxa. Native–non‐indigenous trait dissimilarity, however, may also be observed if NIS have outcompeted ecologically similar native species. Discriminating these scenarios is essential for assessing invasion impacts but requires baseline assemblage data that are frequently unavailable. We overcome this impediment by analysing death assemblages – identifiable organism remains in the seafloor – which are natural community archives. Focusing on molluscs from the heavily invaded Eastern Mediterranean, we gain insights into the contentious role of competitive displacement by NIS as the primary driver of the massive regional declines of native populations, and their potential to alter ecosystem functioning. Location Israel/Eastern Mediterranean. Time period Pre‐Lessepsian invasion (pre‐1869) to contemporary. Major taxa studied Mollusca. Methods We sampled molluscan living and death assemblages from various substrates on the Israeli shelf and compiled trait information on all constituent species. We then compared the abundance‐weighted trait composition and functional diversity of native and non‐indigenous assemblage components. Death assemblage time‐coverage was quantified radiometrically. Results Native and non‐indigenous assemblage components consistently differed in trait composition, both in present‐day (i.e., living) and historical (i.e., death) assemblages, irrespective of habitat conditions. Furthermore, present‐day non‐indigenous assemblage components had a different trait composition than historical native assemblages. These findings suggest that the increasing NIS dominance has considerably altered the functional properties of shallow‐water molluscan assemblages. Main conclusions By utilizing death assemblages, we show that native and non‐indigenous assemblage components have differed in trait composition since the onset of the invasion, suggesting that competition was unlikely the primary driver of the regional‐scale native biodiversity loss. Our findings, however, also imply that NIS cannot functionally compensate for native species disappearance. Instead, the transition towards increasingly NIS‐dominated assemblages has profoundly altered ecosystem functioning, with unknown consequences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v31.1
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.13415
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
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    Young death assemblages with limited time-averaging in rocky and Posidonia oceanica habitats in the Mediterranean Sea
    Geological Society of London ; 2023
    In:  Geological Society, London, Special Publications Vol. 529, No. 1 ( 2023-07-03), p. 41-48
    Details
    In: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Geological Society of London, Vol. 529, No. 1 ( 2023-07-03), p. 41-48
    Abstract: Death assemblages (DAs) are increasingly recognized as a valuable source to reconstruct past ecological baselines, due to the accumulation of skeletal material of non-contemporaneous cohorts. We here quantify the age and time-averaging of DAs on shallow subtidal (5–25 m) rocky substrates and in meadows of Posidonia oceanica in the eastern Mediterranean. We show that such DAs are very young – median ages 9–56 years – with limited time-averaging, one to two orders of magnitude less than on even nearby soft substrates. On rocky substrates, out-of-habitat transport is likely the main cause of loss of older shells. In Posidonia oceanica meadows, the root and rhizome system creates a dense structure – the matte – that quickly entangles and buries shells and limits the potential for bioturbation. The matte is, however, a peculiar feature of Posidonia oceanica , and age and time-averaging in meadows of other seagrass species may be different. The young age of DAs in these habitats requires a careful consideration of their appropriateness as baselines. The large difference in DA age between soft substrates, subject to numerous studies, and hard and seagrass substrates, rarely inspected with geochronological techniques, implies that DA dating is important for studies aiming at using DAs as baselines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-8719 , 2041-4927
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1144/SP529-2022-224
    Language: English
    Publisher: Geological Society of London
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
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    Three common sampling techniques in Pleistocene coral reefs of the Red Sea: a comparison
    Geological Society of London ; 2023
    In:  Geological Society, London, Special Publications Vol. 529, No. 1 ( 2023-07-03), p. 223-242
    Details
    In: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Geological Society of London, Vol. 529, No. 1 ( 2023-07-03), p. 223-242
    Abstract: Line Intercept Transects (LIT), Point Intercept Transects (PIT) and Photoquadrats (PQ) are the most common quantitative sampling techniques in modern and fossil coral reefs. Data from coral reefs obtained by the different methods are generally compared between various reef ages and localities. Quaternary reefs from warmer interglacial periods, which represent climate scenarios projected for the future, are particularly interesting for comparisons with modern reefs. Importantly, fossil reefs differ from modern reefs because they are diagenetically altered and time-averaged. While several studies have compared different quantitative methods in modern reefs, very few have dealt with the comparability among fossil and between fossil and modern reefs. Here, we compare LIT, PIT at 10, 20 and 50 cm intervals and PQ in two Pleistocene reef localities in Egypt. We find that alpha diversity, reef cover and community composition are dependent on the method. Results gained with plotless methods (LIT, PIT) differ strongly from results gained with plot methods (PQ). However, coral cover results are similar with LIT and PIT, and community composition is indistinguishable between the two, but alpha diversity depends on the interval used for PIT. We discuss the implications of our findings for comparing coral reefs of various ages and localities. We recommend surveying Pleistocene reefs with PIT at 20 cm intervals. This is because (1) alpha diversity is well captured, (2) the amount of time-averaging recorded by PIT is reduced compared to PQ, (3) the PIT results can be directly compared to reefs analysed by LIT and (4) the method is less time-consuming than LIT and PQ.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-8719 , 2041-4927
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1144/SP529-2022-227
    Language: English
    Publisher: Geological Society of London
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
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    Scale dependence of drilling predation in the Holocene of the northern Adriatic Sea across benthic habitats and nutrient regimes
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  Paleobiology Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 2022-08), p. 462-479
    Details
    In: Paleobiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 2022-08), p. 462-479
    Abstract: Predation has strongly shaped past and modern marine ecosystems, but the scale dependency of patterns in drilling predation, the most widely used proxy for predator–prey interactions in the fossil record, is a matter of debate. To assess the effects of spatial and taxonomic scale on temporal trends in the drilling frequencies (DFs), we analyzed Holocene molluscan assemblages of different benthic habitats and nutrient regimes from the northern Adriatic shelf in a sequence-stratigraphic context. Although it has been postulated that low predation pressures facilitated the development of high-biomass epifaunal communities in the eastern, relatively oligotrophic portion of the northern Adriatic shelf, DFs reaching up to 30%–40% in the studied assemblage show that drilling predation levels are comparable to those typical of late Cenozoic ecosystems. DFs tend to increase from the transgressive systems tract (TST) into the highstand systems tract (HST) at the local scale, reflecting an increase in water depth by 20–40 m and a shift from infralittoral to circalittoral habitats over the past 10,000 years. As transgressive deposits are thicker at shallower locations and highstand deposits are thicker at deeper locations, a regional increase in DFs from TST to HST is evident only when these differences are accounted for. The increase in DF toward the HST can be recognized at the level of total assemblages, classes, and few abundant and widespread families, but it disappears at the level of genera and species because of their specific environmental requirements, leading to uneven or patchy distribution in space and time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8373 , 1938-5331
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/pab.2022.6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052186-8
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  • 10
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    CHALLENGES OF CONSERVATION PALEOBIOLOGY: FROM BASELINES TO NOVEL COMMUNITIES TO THE NECESSITY FOR GRANTING RIGHTS TO NATURE
    Society for Sedimentary Geology ; 2023
    In:  Palaios Vol. 38, No. 6 ( 2023-06-30), p. 259-263
    Details
    In: Palaios, Society for Sedimentary Geology, Vol. 38, No. 6 ( 2023-06-30), p. 259-263
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1938-5323 , 0883-1351
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2110/palo.2023.020
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Sedimentary Geology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2412813-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2061224-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 155903-5
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