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  • 1
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    Tracking the Evolution of Water Flow Patterns Based on Spatio-Temporal Particle Flow Clusters (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-20
    Description: Marine scientists investigate the movement of oceanic water particles with floating measurement devices released in the real ocean, as well as with virtual particles released in numerical model simulations. The detection, visualization, and evolution of clustered particles is key for gaining a comprehensive understanding of the underlying processes in the oceans. Thereby, vast amounts of mobility data (3D coordinates of these particles over time) need to be analyzed using mobility data science methods. In this paper, we describe the application of data science techniques to detect particle clusters and, more importantly, to track the evolution of these clusters over time in order to support the analysis of oceanic flows. In particular, we apply a well-known concept for tracking the cluster evolution from the data mining community that relies on pair-counting and, thus, is rather inefficient. In order to be applicable to large amounts of particles, we further elaborate two heuristic solutions to compute the cluster transitions based on spatial approximations. Experiments on real world data show a considerable speed-up while sacrificing marginal accuracy drops. Our prototype is used by domain experts for the analysis of the large-scale ocean by virtual particle release experiments in ocean simulations.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
  • 2
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    Major sources of North Atlantic Deep Water in the subpolar North Atlantic from Lagrangian analyses in a high–resolution ocean model (2022)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-20
    Description: North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is a crucial component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and, therefore, is an important factor of the climate system. In order to estimate the mean relative contributions, sources and pathways of the three different deep water mass components (namely Labrador Sea Water, Northeast Atlantic Deep Water and Denmark Strait Overflow Water) at the southern exit of the Labrador Sea, Lagrangian particle experiments were performed. The particles were seeded according to the strength of the velocity field along the 53° N section and computed 40 years backward in time in the three-dimensional velocity and hydrography field. Water masses were defined within the model output in the central Labrador Sea and the subpolar North Atlantic. The resulting transport pathways, their sources and corresponding transit time scales were inferred. Our experiments show that the majority of NADW passing 53° N is associated with diapycnal mass flux, accounting for 14.3 Sv (48 %), where 6.2 Sv originate from the Labrador Sea, compared to 4.7 Sv from the Irminger Sea. The second largest contribution originates from the mixed layer with 7.2 Sv (24 %), where the Labrador Sea contribution (5.9 Sv) dominates over the Irminger Sea contribution (1.0 Sv). Another 5.7 Sv (19 %) of NADW cross the Greenland–Scotland Ridge within the NADW density class, where about 2/3 pass Denmark Strait, while 1/3 cross the Iceland Scotland Ridge. The NADW exported at 53° N is hence dominated by entrainment through diapycnal mass flux and the mixed layer origin in the Labrador Sea.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 3
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    North Atlantic climate mean state and variability: Local effects of mesoscale ocean dynamics (2020)
    In:  [Talk] In: Ocean Sciences Meeting 2020, 16.-21.02.2020, San Diego, USA .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-27
    Description: Western Boundary Currents, such as the Gulf Stream, are regions of vivid air-sea interaction. Mesoscale features of these currents play a fundamental role in global ocean heat transport and exchange with the atmosphere. Related processes and their interactions across scales have gained increasing attention in the last years, since high-resolution, mesoscale-resolving modeling became computationally feasible on climate time scales. Here, we show the impact of explicitly resolving the oceanic mesoscale in the coupled global climate model FOCI on North Atlantic and European climate. For this purpose, we use the ocean nesting capability in FOCI, which facilitates regional ocean grid refinement. We explore and compare pre-industrial simulations each extending over at least 150 years: a reference run without any grid refinement and an experiment with a nest in the North Atlantic. Technically, the regional ocean nest maintains frequent two-way exchange with the global host grid, which in turn is fully coupled to the atmosphere model. The ocean model NEMO has a global resolution of 1/2˚ model with 46 vertical levels and 1/10˚ refinement in the nest region, while the atmosphere model ECHAM6 has a 1.8˚ horizontal resolution (T63) and 95 vertical levels, including the strato- and mesosphere. Within the nest region, the increased resolution leads to a more eddy-rich simulation and an improved mean state. The North Atlantic Current is considerably better represented, which reduces the typical North Atlantic cold bias from -8˚C in the reference run without nest to -2˚C. Beyond local bias correction of the mean state, we will also discuss the impact of explicitly modeling ocean mesoscale dynamics on atmospheric variability on different time scales, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation or the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 4
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    Stratospheric Ozone Recovery Slows Down Future Agulhas Leakage Increase due to Climate Change (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 5
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    The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in high resolution models (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, ISSN: 2169-9275
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-10
    Description: The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) represents the zonally integrated stream function of meridional volume transport in the Atlantic Basin. The AMOC plays an important role in transporting heat meridionally in the climate system. Observations suggest a heat transport by the AMOC of 1.3 PW at 26°N ‐ a latitude which is close to where the Atlantic northward heat transport is thought to reach its maximum. This shapes the climate of the North Atlantic region as we know it today. In recent years there has been significant progress both in our ability to observe the AMOC in nature and to simulate it in numerical models. Most previous modeling investigations of the AMOC and its impact on climate have relied on models with horizontal resolution that does not resolve ocean mesoscale eddies and the dynamics of the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Current system. As a result of recent increases in computing power, models are now being run that are able to represent mesoscale ocean dynamics and the circulation features that rely on them. The aim of this review is to describe new insights into the AMOC provided by high‐resolution models. Furthermore, we will describe how high‐resolution model simulations can help resolve outstanding challenges in our understanding of the AMOC.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 6
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    Perspectives on Marine Data Science as a Blueprint for Emerging Data Science Disciplines (2021)
    In:  EPIC3Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, ISSN: 2296-7745
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-22
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 7
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    On Timescales and Reversibility of the Ocean's Response to Enhanced Greenland Ice Sheet Melting in Comprehensive Climate Models (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-26
    Description: Warming of the North Atlantic region in climate history often was associated with massive melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. To identify the meltwater's impacts and isolate these from internal variability and other global warming factors, we run single‐forcing simulations including small ensembles using three complex climate models differing only in their ocean components. In 200‐year‐long preindustrial climate simulations, we identify robust consequences of abruptly increasing Greenland runoff by 0.05 Sv: sea level rise of 44 ± 10 cm, subpolar North Atlantic surface cooling of 0.7°C, and a moderate AMOC decline of 1.1–2.0 Sv. The latter two emerge in under three decades—and reverse on the same timescale after the perturbation ends in year 100. The ocean translates the step‐change perturbation into a multidecadal‐to‐centennial signature in the deep overturning circulation. In all simulations, internal variability creates notable uncertainty in estimating trends, time of emergence, and duration of the response.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Enhanced melting of Greenland's glaciers is considered to be a major player in past rapid climate transitions and anticipated to soon impact ocean circulation under current global warming. Global warming triggers complex processes and feedbacks, of which greater amounts of meltwater slowing the large‐scale ocean circulation is only one. To better understand the sensitivity of the real but also the model ocean to just this meltwater, we run idealized experiments with up‐to‐date climate models, which use the same atmosphere and land but different ocean components. We find that sea level rise, cooling of the North Atlantic region, and slowing of the ocean circulation are responses common to all models while regional magnitudes of these responses differ considerably. Once we stop adding freshwater, all three models show that surface temperature and ocean circulation recover as quickly (or slowly) as they changed at the beginning of the experiment. Sea level rise is a lasting impact though.
    Description: Key Points: Sudden increase in Greenland freshwater release is turned into century scale change by deep ocean dynamics. Upper ocean responses to moderately enhanced freshwater release from Greenland reverse on the same timescale once release ceases. Ocean model formulation affects regional expressions but basin‐scale responses are robust, so is the timing on decadal to centennial scales.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: ddc:551.6
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 8
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    Cloud-based framework for inter-comparing submesoscale-permitting realistic ocean models (2022)
    In:  EPIC3Geoscientific Model Development, 15(14), pp. 5829-5856, ISSN: 1991-9603
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-16
    Description: With the increase in computational power, ocean models with kilometer-scale resolution have emerged over the last decade. These models have been used for quantifying the energetic exchanges between spatial scales, informing the design of eddy parametrizations, and preparing observing networks. The increase in resolution, however, has drastically increased the size of model outputs, making it difficult to transfer and analyze the data. It remains, nonetheless, of primary importance to assess more systematically the realism of these models. Here, we showcase a cloud-based analysis framework proposed by the Pangeo project that aims to tackle such distribution and analysis challenges. We analyze the output of eight submesoscale-permitting simulations, all on the cloud, for a crossover region of the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) altimeter mission near the Gulf Stream separation. The cloud-based analysis framework (i) minimizes the cost of duplicating and storing ghost copies of data and (ii) allows for seamless sharing of analysis results amongst collaborators. We describe the framework and provide example analyses (e.g., sea-surface height variability, submesoscale vertical buoyancy fluxes, and comparison to predictions from the mixed-layer instability parametrization). Basin- to global-scale, submesoscale-permitting models are still at their early stage of development; their cost and carbon footprints are also rather large. It would, therefore, benefit the community to document the different model configurations for future best practices. We also argue that an emphasis on data analysis strategies would be crucial for improving the models themselves.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    The Pilot Lab Exascale Earth System Modelling (2022)
    In:  EPIC3EGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-04
    Description: The Pilot Lab Exascale Earth System Modelling (PL-ExaESM) is a “Helmholtz-Inkubator Information & Data Science” project and explores specific concepts to enable exascale readiness of Earth System models and associated work flows in Earth System science. PL-ExaESM provides a new platform for scientists of the Helmholtz Association to develop scientific and technological concepts for future generation Earth System models and data analysis systems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 10
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    Depth structure of Ningaloo Niño/Niña events and associated drivers (2021)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 34(5), (2021): 1767-1788, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-1020.1.
    Description: Marine heatwaves along the coast of Western Australia, referred to as Ningaloo Niño, have had dramatic impacts on the ecosystem in the recent decade. A number of local and remote forcing mechanisms have been put forward; however, little is known about the depth structure of such temperature extremes. Utilizing an eddy-active global ocean general circulation model, Ningaloo Niño and the corresponding cold Ningaloo Niña events are investigated between 1958 and 2016, with a focus on their depth structure. The relative roles of buoyancy and wind forcing are inferred from sensitivity experiments. Composites reveal a strong symmetry between cold and warm events in their vertical structure and associated large-scale spatial patterns. Temperature anomalies are largest at the surface, where buoyancy forcing is dominant, and extend down to 300-m depth (or deeper), with wind forcing being the main driver. Large-scale subsurface anomalies arise from a vertical modulation of the thermocline, extending from the western Pacific into the tropical eastern Indian Ocean. The strongest Ningaloo Niños in 2000 and 2011 are unprecedented compound events, where long-lasting high temperatures are accompanied by extreme freshening, which emerges in association with La Niñas, that is more common and persistent during the negative phase of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation. It is shown that Ningaloo Niños during La Niña phases have a distinctively deeper reach and are associated with a strengthening of the Leeuwin Current, while events during El Niño are limited to the surface layer temperatures, likely driven by local atmosphere–ocean feedbacks, without a clear imprint on salinity and velocity.
    Description: The following support is gratefully acknowledged: the Feodor-Lynen Fellowship by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the WHOI Postdoctoral Scholar program (to SR), the Office of Naval Research under project number N-00014-19-12646 (to GG), the James E. and Barbara V. Moltz Fellowship for Climate-Related Research (to CCU), and IndoArchipel from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the Special Priority Program (SPP)-1889 “Regional Sea Level Change and Society” (SeaLevel) (for PW).
    Keywords: Ocean ; Australia ; Indian Ocean ; Extreme events ; General circulation models ; Ocean models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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