Anmerkung: Intro -- Reading the Archive of Earth's Oxygenation -- Volume 1: The Palaeoproterozoic of Fennoscandia as Context for the Fennoscandian Arctic Russia - Drilling Early Earth Project -- Dedication -- Contributors to Three-Volume Treatise Readingthe Archive of Earth's Oxygenation,Volume 1: The Palaeoproterozoic of Fennoscandiaas Context for the FennoscandianArctic Russia - Drilling Early Earth Project -- Reviewers for Three-Volume Treatise:Reading the Archive of Earth's Oxygenation -- Acknowledgements -- Preface to Volume 1 -- Contents to Volume 1 -- Contents to Volume 2 -- Contents to Volume 3 -- Part I: Palaeoproterozoic Earth -- 1.1 Tectonic Evolution and Major Global Earth-Surface Palaeoenvironmental Events in the Palaeoproterozoic -- 1.1.1 Late Archaean Tectonic Restructuring -- Palaeogeography -- 1.1.2 Newly Born Supercontinent(s) Through 2.4-c. 2.3Ga Time Interval -- Global Magmatic Shut- or Slow-Down -- Global Glaciation and Oxygenation of Atmosphere -- 1.1.3 Rifted Supercontinent(s) Through c. 2.3-2.1Ga -- Formation of Giant Manganese Deposits and World-Wide ``Red Beds´´ -- One of the Greatest Perturbations of the Global Carbon Cycle: The Lomagundi-Jatuli Isotopic Event -- Upper Mantle Oxidising Event -- Radical Change of Seawater Sulphate Reservoir -- 1.1.4 Dispersed Kenorland Supercontinent Through 2.1-1.9Ga -- Enhanced Gglobal Accumulation of Organic Matter: The Shunga Event, and Giant Iron-Ore Deposits -- The Earliest Phosphorites: A Radical Change in the Phosphorous Cycle -- Establishment of an Aerobic Pathway in Recycling of Organic Matter -- 1.1.5 Summary -- References -- Part II: The Fennoscandian Arctic Russia: Drilling Early Earth Project (FAR-DEEP) -- 2.1 The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program -- 2.1.2 Fennoscandian Arctic Russia-Drilling Early Earth Project (FAR-DEEP). , Motivation and Goals of Drilling Project -- Scientific Background for Implementation of the Drilling Project -- Implementation of the Scientific Drilling Project -- References -- Part III: Fennoscandia: The First 500 Million Years of the Palaeoproterozoic -- 3.1 The Early Palaeoproterozoic of Fennoscandia: Geological and Tectonic Settings -- References -- 3.2 Litho- and Chronostratigraphy of the Palaeoproterozoic Karelian Formations -- 3.2.1 Lithostratigraphic Framework -- 3.2.2 Event Stratigraphy and Age Constraints -- 3.2.3 The Sumian System, 2505-2430Ma -- 3.2.4 The Sariolian System, 2430-2300Ma -- 3.2.5 The Jatulian System, 2300-2060Ma -- 3.2.6 The Ludicovian System, 2060-1960Ma -- 3.2.7 The Kalevian System, 1960-1900Ma -- 3.2.8 Post-Karelian, Postorogenic Supracrustal Rocks -- 3.2.9 Global Implications of the Event-Based Fennoscandian Chronostratigraphy -- References -- 3.3 Palaeotectonic and Palaeogeographic Evolution of Fennoscandia in the Early Palaeoproterozoic -- 3.3.1 Pre-Sumian Time -- 3.3.2 2505-2430Ma Period -- 3.3.3 2430-2300Ma Period -- 3.3.4 2300-2060Ma Period -- 3.3.5 2060-1950Ma Period -- 3.3.6 1950-1900Ma Period -- 3.3.7 1900-1850Ma Period -- 3.3.8 Summary -- References -- 3.4 Evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic (2.50-1.95Ga) Non-orogenic Magmatism in the Eastern Part of the Fennoscandian Shield -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 Sumian Magmatism -- 3.4.3 Sariolian Magmatism -- 3.4.4 Jatulian Magmatism -- 3.4.5 Ludicovian Magmatism -- 3.4.6 Kalevian Magmatism -- 3.4.7 Post-Ludicovian Allochthonous Units -- 3.4.8 Orogenic Magmatism in the Kola Peninsula -- 3.4.9 Nd Isotope Evolution -- 3.4.10 Oxidation State of Iron -- 3.4.11 Discussion -- References -- Part IV: Geology of the Drilling Sites -- 4.1 The Imandra/Varzuga Greenstone Belt -- 4.1.1 Introduction -- 4.1.2 General Geological Features -- 4.1.3 Stratigraphic Subdivision and Age. , The Strel´na Group -- The Purnach Formation -- The Kuksha Sedimentary Formation -- The Kuksha Volcanic Formation -- The Seidorechka Sedimentary Formation -- The Seidorechka Volcanic Formation -- The Varzuga Group -- The Polisarka Sedimentary Formation -- The Polisarka Volcanic Formation -- The Umba Sedimentary Formation -- The Umba Volcanic Formation -- The Il´mozero Sedimentary Formation -- The Il´mozero Volcanic Formation -- The Tominga Group -- References -- 4.2 The Pechenga Greenstone Belt -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 General Geological Features -- 4.2.3 Stratigraphic Subdivision and Age -- The North Pechenga Group -- The Neverskrukk Formation -- The Ahmalahti Formation -- The Kuetsjärvi Sedimentary Formation -- The Kuetsjärvi Volcanic Formation -- The Kolosjoki Sedimentary Formation -- The Kolosjoki Volcanic Formation -- Pilgujärvi Sedimentary Formation -- Pilgujärvi Volcanic Formation -- The South Pechenga Group -- References -- 4.3 The Onega Basin -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 General Geological Features -- 4.3.3 Stratigraphic Subdivision and Age -- The Sumian Super-Horizon -- The Glubokozero Formation -- The Kumsa Formation -- The Sariolian Super-Horizon -- The Paljeozero Formation -- The Jatulian Super-Horizon -- The Jangozero Formation -- The Medvezhegorsk/Koikary Formation -- The Tulomozero Formation -- The Ludicovian Super-Horizon -- The Zaonega Formation -- The Suisari Formation -- The Kalevian Super-Horizon -- The Kondopoga Formation -- The Vashozero Formation -- References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Reading the Archive of Earth's Oxygenation -- Volume 3: Global Events and theFennoscandian Arctic Russia - Drilling Early Earth Project -- Dedication -- Contributors to Three-Volume Treatise Reading the Archive of Earth's Oxygenation, Volume 3: Global Events and the Fennoscandian Arctic Russia: Drilling Early Earth Project -- Reviewers for Three-Volume Treatise: Reading the Archive of Earth's Oxygenation -- Acknowledgements -- Preface to Volume 3 -- Contents to Volume 1 -- Contents to Volume 2 -- Contents to Volume 3 -- Part VII: Earth´s Oxygenation and Associated Global Events: The FAR-DEEP Perspective -- 7.1 The End of Mass-Independent Fractionation of Sulphur Isotopes -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Multiple Sulphur Isotope Systematics -- 7.1.3 The Multiple Sulphur Isotope Record of Precambrian Sedimentary Rocks -- 7.1.4 The Termination of Mass-Independently Fractionated Sulphur: Implications for the FAR-DEEP Core Material -- References -- 7.2 Huronian-Age Glaciation -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Palaeoproterozoic Glacial Deposits of North America -- Ramsay Lake Formation -- Bruce Formation -- Gowganda Formation -- Lower Gowganda Member -- Upper Gowganda Member -- Summary of Huronian Supergroup -- Other Occurrences of Palaeoproterozoic Glaciogenic Rocks in North America -- Lake Superior Area -- South Dakota -- SE Wyoming -- Hurwitz Group, Nunavut -- Chibougamau Area, Québec -- Summary of North American Occurrences of Palaeoproterozoic Glaciogenic Rocks -- 7.2.3 Palaeoproterozoic Glacial Deposits of South Africa -- Griqualand West Basin -- Transvaal Basin -- Diamictite Correlation and Implication for Their Depositional Environments -- 7.2.4 Palaeoproterozoic Glacial Deposits of Australia -- 7.2.5 Palaeoproterozoic Glacial Deposits of Fennoscandia -- The Urkkavaara Formation -- 7.2.6 Palaeoproterozoic Snowball Earth?. , Improving the Chronology of Huronian Glaciation -- What Caused Huronian Glaciation? -- 7.2.7 Implications of the FAR-DEEP Core 3A -- References -- 7.3 The Palaeoproterozoic Perturbation of the Global Carbon Cycle: The Lomagundi-Jatuli Isotopic Event: -- 7.3.1 The Global Carbon Cycle and Its Principal Reservoirs and Fluxes -- 7.3.2 Historical Overview -- 7.3.3 Review of Available Radiometric Ages Constraining the Lomagundi-Jatuli Positive Isotopic Excursion of Carbonate Carbon -- Initiation of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event -- Termination of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event -- Global Timing of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event -- 7.3.4 Lomagundi-Jatuli Excursion as Seen from the Fennoscandian Shield Record -- The Pechenga Greenstone Belt -- Summary -- The Imandra/Varzuga Greenstone Belt -- Summary -- The Onega Basin -- Summary -- The Kalix Greenstone Belt -- Summary -- Other Fennoscandian Examples -- Summary -- delta13C Distribution Patterns of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Age Sedimentary Carbonates in the Fennoscandian Shield -- 7.3.5 The Lomagundi-Jatuli Isotopic Excursion: Unresolved Problems and Implications of FAR-DEEP Core for Future Work -- References -- 7.4 An Apparent Oxidation of the Upper Mantle versus Regional Deep Oxidation of Terrestrial Surfaces in the Fennoscandian Shield -- 7.4.1 Introduction -- Why the Fennoscandian Shield? -- The ``Great Oxidation Event´´ -- Hypotheses for the ``Great Oxidation Event´´ -- Increase in O2 Production -- Decrease in O2 Sinks -- Brief Overview of Mantle Redox and Its Evolution -- Gradual Oxidation of the Mantle -- Unchanged Mantle Redox State -- 7.4.2 Kuetsjärvi Volcanic Formation -- Field Descriptions -- The Geochemistry of Iron in Kuetsjärvi Volcanic Rocks -- Oxidised Surface and Groundwater -- Implications for FAR-DEEP Research -- Magmatic Palaeoredox Proxies -- Palaeosols. , Alteration by Groundwater and Hydrothermal Fluids -- Summary -- References -- 7.5 Abundant Marine Calcium Sulphates: Radical Change of Seawater Sulphate Reservoir and Sulphur Cycle: -- 7.5.1 Introduction -- 7.5.2 The Global Sulphur Cycle During Phanerozoic Time -- 7.5.3 Isotopic Evidence for Precambrian Oceanic Sulphate Abundance -- 7.5.4 Multiple Sulphur Isotope Evidence for the Early Palaeoproterozoic Rise in Oceanic Sulphate Abundance -- 7.5.5 Physical Evidence for Abundant Oceanic Sulphate in the Palaeoproterozoic -- 7.5.6 A Radical Change of the Seawater Sulphate Reservoir: Implication of the FAR-DEEP Core -- References -- 7.6 Enhanced Accumulation of Organic Matter: The Shunga Event: -- 7.6.1 Introduction -- 7.6.2 World-Wide Record of Palaeoproterozoic Carbonaceous Sediments Representing the Shunga Event with Emphasis on the Fennosc... -- 7.6.3 The Shunga Event: A Tale of Productivity and Preservation of Organic Matter in the Early Palaeoproterozoic Ocean -- The Nature of Primary Productivity in the Early Palaeoproterozoic Ocean -- 7.6.4 Giant Palaeoproterozoic Petrified Oil Field in the Onega Basin -- Source Rocks -- Estimated Oil Reserve -- Evidence for Oil Generation and Its Timing -- Time Constraint on Oil Generation -- Oil Migration Pathways -- Oil Traps -- Organosiliceous Rocks or Maksovite -- The Type Locality Maksovo -- FAR-DEEP Hole 12B -- Formation of Maksovite/Organosiliceous Rocks: A Seafloor Hydrocarbon Expulsion? -- Clastic Pyrobitumen and Surface Oil Seeps -- 7.6.5 Possible Driving Forces for the Onset of the Shunga Event and Implication of FAR-DEEP Core for the Shunga Event -- References -- 7.7 The Earliest Phosphorites: Radical Change in the Phosphorus Cycle During the Palaeoproterozoic: -- 7.7.1 Introduction to the Phosphorus Cycle -- 7.7.2 Formation of Phosphorites: Phosphogenesis -- 7.7.3 Palaeoproterozoic Phosphorites. , C. 2000Ma Lower Aravalli Group, Rajasthan, India -- Phosphorites of the Palaeoproterozoic Fennoscandian Shield -- Il´mozero Sedimentary Formation, Imandra/Varzuga Greenstone Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia -- Pilgujärvi Sedimentary Formation, Pechenga Greenstone Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia -- Zaonega Formation, Onega Palaeobasin, Karelia, Russia -- 7.7.4 Significance of Phosphorites in the Geologic Record and Implications of the FAR DEEP Material -- References -- 7.8 Traces of Life: -- 7.8.1 Introductory Remarks -- 7.8.2 Palaeoproterozoic Stromatolites from the Lomagundi-Jatuli Interval of the Fennoscandian Shield -- Introduction -- What Is a Stromatolite? -- Stromatolite Biogenicity Criteria -- Mechanisms of Stromatolite Accretion -- Trapping and Binding -- Abiotic Chemical Precipitation -- Biologically Induced Precipitation with a Focus on Chemo- and Phototactic Growth -- Brief Review of Transition from Neoarchaean to Proterozoic Stromatolites: Temporal Context for Palaeoproterozoic Examples from... -- Overview of Stromatolites from the Fennoscandian Shield -- A c. 2100Ma Shallow-Water Onega Carbonate Platform -- the Tulomozero Formation -- Tulomozero Formation Morphotype 1: Spaced Bioherms of Branched, Columnar Stromatolites -- Tulomozero Formation Morphotype 2: Laterally Continuous Biostromes of Branched, Columnar Stromatolites -- Tulomozero Formation Morphotype 3: Flat-Laminated Stromatolites -- Tulomozero Formation Morphotype 4: Columnar Branched Mini-Stromatolites -- Tulomozero Formation Morphotype 5: Non-branching Mini-Columnar Stromatolites -- Tulomozero Formation Morphotype 6: Large Non-branching Columnar Stromatolites -- Tulomozero Formation Morphotype 7: Domed Bioherms Comprising Coalesced Bulbous Stromatolites -- Tulomozero Formation Morphotype 8: Hemispherical Stromatolites -- A c. 2060Ma Rift-Bound Lake System. , the Kuetsjärvi Sedimentary Formation -- Kuetsjärvi Sedimentary Formation Morphotype 1: Stratiform Laminites (Non-columnar Stromatolite) -- Kuetsjärvi Sedimentary Formation Morphotype 2: Club-Like and Subspherical Stromatolite -- Exotic Structures of Argued Microbial Origin -- A c. 2100-2000Ma Rimmed Carbonate Shelf -- the Kalix Greenstone Belt -- Kalix Greenstone Belt Morphotype 1: Parallel-Branching Columnar Stromatolite -- Kalix Greenstone Belt Morphotype 2: Stratiform Laminites -- Kalix Greenstone Belt Morphotype 3: Microcolumnar and Microdigitate Stromatolite -- Kalix Greenstone Belt Morphotype 4: Microspherical Stromatolite -- Kalix Greenstone Belt Morphotype 5: Subspherical to Pillow-Shaped Stromatolite -- Kalix Greenstone Belt Morphotype 6: Hat-Shaped Stromatolite -- Kalix Greenstone Belt Morphotype 7: ``Oversized´´ Spheroidal Stromatolite -- Kalix Greenstone Belt Morphotype 8: Branching and Coalescing Spheroidal Stromatolite -- Kalix Greenstone Belt Morphotype 9: Semispheroidal to Semicolumnar Stromatolite -- Kalix Greenstone Belt Morphotype 10: Solitary Domal and Spheroidal Stromatolites -- On the Biogenicity and Accretion Mechanism of the Fennoscandian Stromatolites -- Significance of Stromatolites from the Lomagundi-Jatuli Interval of Fennoscandia -- Comparison of Stromatolites from Different Depositional Settings -- Stromatolite Biostratigraphy Across the Lomagundi-Jatuli Interval -- Concluding Remarks and Implications for the FAR-DEEP Core -- References -- 7.8.3 Palaeoproterozoic Microfossils -- The Palaeoproterozoic Microfossil Record -- Methods and Problems of Identification of Biogenicity, Endogenicity and Syngenicity -- Introduction -- Raman Spectroscopy -- Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Analytical TEM (ATEM) -- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) -- Synchrotron-Based Techniques (STXM, NEXAFS). , Implication of the FAR-DEEP Cores.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Reading the Archive of Earth's Oxygenation -- Volume 2: The Core Archive of the Fennoscandian Arctic Russia - Drilling Early Earth Project -- Dedication -- Contributors to Three-Volume Treatise "Reading the Archive of Earth's Oxygenation", Volume 2: "The Core Archive of the Fennoscandian Arctic Russia: Drilling Early Earth Project" -- Reviewers for Three-Volume Treatise: Reading the Archive of Earth's Oxygenation -- Acknowledgements -- Preface to Volume 2 -- Contents to Volume 1 -- Contents to Volume 2 -- Contents to Volume 3 -- Part V: FAR-DEEP Core Archive and Database -- 5.1 FAR-DEEP Core Archive and Database -- 5.1.1 Drilling Information System and Core Archive -- 5.1.2 FAR-DEEP Samples -- 5.1.3 FAR-DEEP Archive Samples, Dataset and Analytical Methods -- 5.1.3.1 Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements -- 5.1.3.2 Acid-Soluble Major and Trace Element Analysis of Carbonates by ICP-AES -- 5.1.3.3 Major and Trace Element Analysis by XRF -- 5.1.3.4 Carbon and Sulphur Analysis by CS Elemental Analyser -- 5.1.3.5 Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analyses of Carbonates -- 5.1.3.6 Carbon Isotope Analysis of Organic Carbon -- 5.1.4 FAR-DEEP Information on the Web -- References -- Part VI: FAR-DEEP Core Descriptions and Rock Atlas -- 6.1 The Imandra/Varzuga Greenstone Belt -- 6.1. The Imandra/Varzuga Greenstone Belt -- References -- 6.1.1 Seidorechka Sedimentary Formation: FAR-DEEP Hole 1A and Neighbouring Quarries -- The Kuksha Volcanic Formation -- The Seidorechka Sedimentary Formation -- The Sandstone-Siltstone Member -- The Dolostone Member -- The Quartzite Member -- The Limestone-Shale Member -- The Shale Member -- The Seidorechka Volcanic Formation -- The Depositional Framework -- References -- 6.1.2 Polisarka Sedimentary Formation: FAR-DEEP Hole 3A -- The Seidorechka Volcanic Formation -- The Polisarka Sedimentary Formation -- Limestone Member. , The Greywacke-Diamictite Member -- Igneous Bodies Within the Sedimentary Succession -- The Polisarka Volcanic Formation -- Depositional Framework -- References -- 6.1.3 Umba Sedimentary Formation: FAR-DEEP Hole 4A -- The Umba Sedimentary Formation -- The Sandstone-Siltstone Member -- The Dolostone Member -- The Shale Member -- The Quartzite Member -- Volcanic Units Within the Sedimentary Succession -- The Umba Volcanic Formation -- The Depositional Framework -- References -- 6.1.4. Umba Sedimentary Formation, Sukhoj Section -- Section Description -- Depositional Framework -- References -- 6.2 The Pechenga Greenstone Belt -- 6.2 The Pechenga Greenstone Belt -- References -- 6.2.1 The Neverskrukk Formation: Drillholes 3462, 3463 and Related Outcrops -- The Neverskrukk Formation, Drillhole 3462 -- Conglomerate Unit -- Gritstone Unit -- Gritstone-Conglomerate-Sandstone Unit -- Sandstone Unit -- Conglomerate-Sandstone Unit -- The Neverskrukk Formation, Drillhole 3463 -- The Depositional Framework -- References -- 6.2.2 Kuetsjärvi Sedimentary Formation: FAR-DEEP Hole 5A, Neighbouring Quarry and Related Outcrops -- The Ahmalahti Volcanic Formation (Unit A) -- The Kuetsjärvi Sedimentary Formation -- The Arkosic Member -- The Lower Dolostone Member -- The Quartzite Member -- The Upper Dolostone Member -- Igneous Bodies Within the Sedimentary Succession: Ferropicrite (Unit B) -- The Kuetsjärvi Volcanic Formation (Unit C) -- Depositional Framework -- References -- 6.2.3 Kuetsjärvi Volcanic Formation: FAR-DEEP Hole 6A and Related Outcrops -- Andesite-Rhyolite Member -- Unit A -- Unit B -- Unit C -- Unit D -- Unit E -- Unit F -- Unit G -- Conglomerate Member -- Basalt Member -- Unit H -- Depositional Framework -- References -- 6.2.4 Kolosjoki Sedimentary and Kuetsjärvi Volcanic Formations: FAR-DEEP Hole 7A -- The Kuetsjärvi Volcanic Formation. , The Kolosjoki Sedimentary Formation -- The Lower Greywacke Member -- The Gritstone Member -- The Depositional Framework -- References -- 6.2.5 Kolosjoki Sedimentary Formation: FAR-DEEP Holes 8A and 8B and Related Outcrops -- The Kuetsjärvi Volcanic Formation -- The Kolosjoki Sedimentary Formation -- The Sandstone Member -- The Lower Greywacke Member -- The Gritstone Member -- The Haematite Member -- The Ferropicrite Member -- The Dolostone Member -- The Upper Greywacke Member -- The Depositional Framework -- References -- 6.2.6 Kolosjoki Volcanic Formation: FAR-DEEP Hole 9A -- Volcanic Rocks -- Sedimentary Rocks -- Depositional Setting -- References -- 6.3 The Onega Basin -- 6.3. The Onega Basin -- References -- 6.3.1 Tulomozero Formation: FAR-DEEP Holes 10A and 10B -- Hole 10A -- Member 1 (Lower Dolostone) -- Member 2 (Siltstone-Sandstone-Breccia) -- Member 3 (Dolostone-Dolomarl) -- Member 4 (Dolomarl) -- Member 5 (Siltstone-Dissolution Breccia-Magnesite) -- Member 6 (Dolomarl-Dolostone-Siltstone-Sandstone) -- Member 7 (Sandstone-Dolostone) -- Member 8 (Siltstone-Sandstone) -- Member 9 (Dolostone-Sandstone-Dolomarl) -- Hole 10B -- Member 10 (Dolostone-Conglomerate) -- Member 11 (Sandstone-Basalt) -- Member 12 (Siltstone) -- Member 13 (Upper Dolostone) -- Member 14 (Nodular Shale-Siltstone-Marl-Breccia) -- Member 15 (Shale-Dissolution Breccia) -- Depositional Settings Based on Core 10A and 10B Logs -- References -- 6.3.2 Tulomozero Formation: FAR-DEEP Hole 11A -- The Tulomozero Formation -- Member 1 (Dolostone-Siltstone-Shale) -- Member 2 (Sandstone-Siltstone-Shale-Dissolution Breccia) -- Member 3 (Lower Dolostone) -- Member 4 (Siltstone-Shale-Basalt) -- Member 5 (Dolostone-Dissolution Breccia) -- Member 6 (Conglomerate) -- Member 7 (Upper Dolostone) -- The Zaonega Formation -- Member 1 (Sandstone-Siltstone-Dolomarl) -- Member 2 (Siltstone). , Depositional Settings -- References -- 6.3.3 Zaonega Formation: FAR-DEEP Holes 12A and 12B, and Neighbouring Quarries -- The Zaonega Formation -- The Greywacke Member -- The Dolostone-Greywacke Member -- The Mudstone-Limestone Member -- The Dolostone-Chert Member -- Magmatic Units -- Depositional Environment and Postdepositional Alteration -- References -- 6.3.4 Zaonega Formation: FAR-DEEP Hole 13A -- The Zaonega Formation -- The Siliciclastic-Carbonate Member -- The Dolostone-Chert Member -- Magmatic Units -- Correlation of Holes 12AB and 13A -- Depositional Environment and Postdepositional Alterations -- References.