Publication Date:
2024-03-15
Description:
Inter‐individual variation in phenotypic traits has long been considered as "noise" rather than meaningful phenotypic variation, with biological studies almost exclusively generating and reporting average responses for populations and species' aver‐ age responses. Here, we compare the use of an individual approach in the investigation of extracellular acid-base regulation by the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus challenged with elevated pCO2 and temperature conditions, with a more traditional approach which generates and formally compares mean values. We detected a high level of inter‐individual variation in acid-base regulation parameters both within and between treatments. Comparing individual and mean values for the first (apparent) dissociation constant of the coelomic fluid for individual sea urchins resulted in substantially different (calculated) acid-base parameters, and models with stronger statistical support. While the approach using means showed that coelomic pCO2 was influenced by seawater pCO2 and temperature combined, the individual approach indicated that it was in fact seawater temperature in isolation that had a significant effect on coelomic pCO2. On the other hand, coelomic [HCO3−] appeared to be primarily affected by seawater pCO2, and less by seawater temperature, irrespective of the approach adopted. As a consequence, we suggest that individual variation in physiological traits needs to be considered, and where appropriate taken into ac‐ count, in global change biology studies. It could be argued that an approach reliant on mean values is a "procedural error." It produces an artefact, that is, a population's mean phenotype. While this may allow us to conduct relatively simple statistical analyses, it will not in all cases reflect, or take into account, the degree of (physiological) diversity present in natural populations.
Keywords:
Acid-base regulation; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard error; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard error; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard error; Calculated using CO2calc; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard error; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Coelomic fluid, bicarbonate ion; Coelomic fluid, carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Coelomic fluid, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Coelomic fluid, pH; Constant; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Diameter; Dunmanus_Bay; Echinodermata; EXP; Experiment; Experiment duration; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Height; Identification; Individuals; Laboratory experiment; Mortality/Survival; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Oxygen, dissolved; Oxygen, dissolved, standard error; Paracentrotus lividus; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; pH; pH, standard error; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Registration number of species; Salinity; Salinity, standard error; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Volume; Wet mass
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 13132 data points
Permalink