Note: Intro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1. Science and Mammon -- 2. The Norms of Science -- 3. Scientific Objectivity -- 4. Money and the Norms of Science -- 5. Conflicts of Interest: When Is Disclosure Not Enough? -- 6. Intellectual Property: Balancing Public and Private Interests -- 7. Publication: Openness and Accountability -- 8. Government Funding of R& -- D: Science as a Public Good -- 9. Conclusion: Valuing Truth and Integrity in Research -- Notes -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.

Note: Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 4th International Symposium on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe Marina Beach Marriott, Marina del Rey, CA, February 23-25, 2000 Attendees -- Part I Overview of Cosmological Parameters and Concepts -- Cosmological Parameters -- The Cosmological Constant Problems -- The Cosmological Constant from the Viewpoint of String Theory -- The Dark Matter Telescope -- Part II The Cosmological Constant Evidence -- Dust versus Supernova Cosmology -- Measurement of the Cosmological Constant from Galactic Velocity Rotation Data -- An Introduction to Quintessence -- Is the ACDM Model Consistent with Observations of Large-Scale Structure? -- Light Scalars in Cosmology -- Part III Precision Cosmology Measurements -- Optimal Supernova Search Strategies -- The Second Peak: The Dark-Energy Density and the Cosmic Microwave Background -- Latest Cosmological Constraints on the Densities of Hot and Cold Dark Matter -- Prospects for MAP & -- PLANCK -- Studying Dark Matter with ACBAR on Viper -- Resonant Photon-Graviton Conversion as a Probe into Inflationary Universe -- Part IV Baryonic Dark Matter -- Death of Stellar Baryonic Dark Matter -- EROS Microlensing Results: Not Enough Machos in the Galactic Halo -- Neutralino Dark Matter vs Galaxy Formation -- Cosmological Relativity: A General-Relativistic Theory for the Accelerating Expanding Universe -- Part V Theory of Dark Matter Processes -- Relic Neutralinos and Dark Matter★ -- CP Violation and Dark Matter -- Mirror Dark Matter -- Neutralino Proton Cross Sections for Dark Matter in SUGRA and D-BRANE Models -- Antimatter from Supersymmetric Dark Matter -- Relic Abundances and the Boltzmann Equation -- Supersymmetry, Q-Balls, and Dark Matter. , SIMP (Strongly Interacting Massive Particle) Search★ -- Self-Interacting Dark Matter -- Prediction of ΩM and Estimate of ΩΔ -- Accurate Dark Matter Theory and Exact Solutions -- Part VI Possible Evidence for Dark Matter Particles -- Recent DAMA Results -- Annual Signal Modulation to Search for WIMPs and Direct Searching -- Recent Results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles -- Pulse Shape Discrimination and Dark Matter Search with Nai(Tl) Scintillator at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane -- Interpretation of the Anomalous NaI Events -- Combining Information from Direct and Indirect Searches for WIMPs★ -- Part VII Search for Dark Matter Particles Around the World -- Progress on the Boulby Mine Dark Matter Experiments -- Status of the EDELWEISS Experiment -- Status of Dark Matter Search with the HDMS Experiment and the GENINO Project -- The CRESST Dark Matter Search -- Dark Matter Experiments in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory -- Dark Matter Results in the MIBETA Experiment -- Search for Dark Matter WIMPs Using Upward-Going Muons in Super-Kamiokande -- Search for SUSY Dark Matter with CMS at LHC -- Part VIII New Detectors for the Dark Matter Search -- Design of the ZEPLIN II Detector -- Development of a Two-Phase Xenon Discriminating Detector for Use in Dark Matter Searches at the Boulby Underground Laboratory -- A Project of a New Detector for Direct Dark Matter Search: MACHe3 -- Status and Prospects for SIMPLE -- Measurement of Scintillation Amplification in a Xenon Detector with a CsI-Luminescence Plate -- Hot and Cold Dark Matter Search with GENIUS ★ -- Part IX Hot Dark Matter -- Large Extra Dimensions and Hot Dark Matter -- Detecting Ultra High Energy Neutrinos by Upward Tau Airshowers and Gamma Flashes. , Super-Kamiokande 0.07 eV Neutrinos in Cosmology: Hot Dark Matter and the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays -- Future Neutrino Astrophysics Projects at the UK Boulby Mine -- 4th International Symposium on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter/Energy in the Universe.

Note: Hell_FM.pdf -- Hell_CP.pdf -- Hell_Ch01.pdf -- Hell_Ch02.pdf -- Hell_Ch03.pdf -- Hell_Ch04.pdf -- Hell_Ch05.pdf -- Hell_Ch06.pdf -- Hell_Ch07.pdf -- Hell_Ch08.pdf -- Hell_Ch09.pdf -- Hell_Ch10.pdf -- Hell_Ch11.pdf -- Hell_Ch12.pdf -- Hell_Ch13.pdf -- Hell_Ch14.pdf -- Hell_Ch15.pdf -- Hell_Ch16.pdf -- Hell_Ch17.pdf -- Hell_Ch18.pdf -- Hell_Ch19.pdf -- Hell_Ch20.pdf -- Hell_Ch21.pdf -- Hell_Ch22.pdf -- Hell_Ch23.pdf -- Hell_Ch24.pdf -- Hell_Index.pdf -- Hell_BM.pdf.

Note: Cover -- A Guide to the Wildflowers of South Carolina -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF FIGURES -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- Purpose and Scope -- Our Shared and Threatened Natural Heritage -- Physiographic Regions of South Carolina -- Nature of the Flora -- What Are Wildflowers? -- Conservation of Native Wildflowers -- How To Use This Field Guide -- Origins of Plant Names -- Rarity of Vascular Plants -- Pronunciation Guide to Botanical Names -- PART 1: The Nature of South Carolina's Wildflowers -- Selected Topics on Natural History and Ecology -- Carnivorous Plants -- Native Orchids -- Succession in Natural Communities -- Fire in the South Carolina Landscape -- Carolina Bays of the Coastal Plain -- Agriculture: Effects on South Carolina's Physical Landscape -- Marshes, Swamps, Peatlands, Bogs, and Fens -- South Carolina's Natural Wildflower Communities -- The Mountains -- Montane Rock Outcrop Communities -- Granitic domes, mafic rock outcrops, and shallow soil glades -- The Spray Cliffs and Humid Gorge Outcrops -- Spray cliffs -- Humid gorge outcrops -- The Seepage Communities -- Cataract fens -- Southern Appalachian fens -- Canebrakes -- The Rocky Streamside Community -- The Deciduous Forest Communities -- Rich cove forests -- Acidic cove forests -- Chestnut Oak forests -- Montane oak-hickory forests -- Forest margins -- Pine-oak heaths -- The Piedmont -- The Granitic Flatrocks Community -- The Rocky Shoals Community -- The Deciduous Forest Communities -- Basic-mesic forests -- Beech forests -- Oak-hickory forests -- The Early Successional Communities -- Piedmont prairie -- Oak savanna -- Piedmont xeric hardpan forests -- The Piedmont Springhead Seepage Forest Community -- The Bottomland Forest Communities -- Coastal Plain: The Fall-Line Sandhills -- The Xeric Communities. , Longleaf Pine-Scrub Oak sandhills -- Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak sandhills -- The Sandhills Seepage Communities -- Streamhead pocosins -- Herbaceous seepage slopes -- Atlantic white-cedar forests -- Coastal Plain: The Inner and Outer Coastal Plain -- The Xeric Communities -- Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak xeric ridges -- Sandy, dry, open woodlands -- The Mesic Pine Woodland Communities -- Longleaf Pine flatwoods -- Pine/Saw Palmetto flatwoods -- Longleaf Pine savannas -- The Depression Pond Communities -- Pond Cypress savannas -- Pond Cypress-Swamp Gum upland swamps -- Depression meadows -- The Peatland Community -- Pocosins -- The Calcareous Forest Communities -- Calcareous bluff forests -- Wet, flat, calcareous forests -- The Bottomland Forest Communities -- Bald Cypress-Tupelo Gum swamp forests -- Hardwood bottom forests -- Levee forests -- The Freshwater Marsh Communities -- Tidal freshwater marshes -- Inland freshwater marshes -- The Open Water Community -- Coastal Plain: The Maritime Strand -- The Maritime Communities -- Coastal beaches -- Coastal dunes and maritime grasslands -- Maritime forests -- Salt marshes -- Salt flats -- Maritime shell forests -- PART 2: Species Descriptions and Color Plates -- The Mountains -- The Piedmont -- Coastal Plain: The Fall-Line Sandhills -- Coastal Plain: The Inner and Outer Coastal Plain -- Coastal Plain: The Maritime Strand -- The Ruderal Communities -- GLOSSARY -- APPENDIX: ILLUSTRATIONS OF PLANT STRUCTURES -- GENERAL REFERENCES -- LITERATURE CITED -- INDEX -- PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Differential Geometry -- 1.1 Manifolds -- 1.2 Tangent Vectors -- 1.3 Vector Fields, Integral Curves, and Flows -- 1.4. Tensors and Tensor Fields on Manifolds -- 1.5. The Action of Smooth Maps on Tensor Fields -- 1.6. Lie Derivatives -- 1.7. Derivative Operators and Geodesics -- 1.8. Curvature -- 1.9. Metrics -- 1.10 Hypersurfaces -- 1.11 Volume Elements -- 2. Classical Relativity Theory -- 2.1 Relativistic Spacetimes -- 2.2 Temporal Orientation and "Causal Connectibility" -- 2.3 Proper Time -- 2.4 Space/Time Decomposition at a Point and Particle Dynamics -- 2.5 The Energy-Momentum Field Tab -- 2.6 Electromagnetic Fields -- 2.7 Einstein's Equation -- 2.8 Fluid Flow -- 2.9 Killing Fields and Conserved Quantities -- 2.10 The Initial Value Formulation -- 2.11 Friedmann Spacetimes -- 3. Special Topics -- 3.1 Gödel Spacetime -- 3.2 Two Criteria of Orbital (Non-) Rotation -- 3.3 A No-Go Theorem about Orbital (Non-) Rotation -- 4. Newtonian Gravitation Theory -- 4.1 Classical Spacetimes -- 4.2 Geometrized Newtonian Theory-First Version -- 4.3 Interpreting the Curvature Conditions -- 4.4 A Solution to an Old Problem about Newtonian Cosmology -- 4.5 Geometrized Newtonian Theory-Second Version -- Solutions to Problems -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Lobell_FM_O.pdf -- Lobell_Ch01_O.pdf -- Chapter 1 -- Introduction -- 1.1 Why Read This Book? -- 1.2 The Strength and Limits of Models -- 1.3 The Importance of Time Scales -- 1.4 Overview of Book -- 1.5 Missing Pieces -- Mitigation in Agriculture -- References -- Lobell_Ch02_O.pdf -- Chapter 2 -- Climate Effects on Food Security: An Overview -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Food Security: Definition, Measurement, and Recent Progress -- 2.2.1 Measuring Food Security -- 2.2.2 Where and How Numerous Are the Food Insecure? -- 2.3 Food Availability and Climate Change -- 2.4 Food Access and Climate Change -- 2.5 Food Utilization and Climate Change -- 2.5.1 Food Utilization and Nutrition -- 2.5.2 Disease and Food Utilization -- 2.6 Summary -- References -- Lobell_Ch03_O.pdf -- Chapter 3 -- Climate Models and Their Projections of Future Changes -- 3.1 Where Do Climate Change Projections Come from? -- 3.2 Utilizing GCM Projections -- 3.2.1 One Model, One Vote? -- 3.2.2 Different Models, Different Votes? -- 3.3 Two Examples: One-Model One-Vote and a Formal Bayesian Model -- 3.3.1 Descriptive Statistics of Multi-Model Data -- 3.3.2 A Formal Statistical Approach -- 3.4 Summary of Current Projections -- 3.4.1 Temperature and Precipitation Projections by Region -- 3.4.1.1 Africa -- 3.4.1.2 Mediterranean and Europe -- 3.4.1.3 Asia -- 3.4.1.4 North America -- 3.4.1.5 Central and South America -- 3.4.1.6 Australia and New Zealand -- 3.4.2 Extremes -- 3.4.3 A Further Look at Growing Season Length -- 3.5 Reducing Uncertainties -- References -- Lobell_Ch04_O.pdf -- Chapter 4 -- Crop Response to Climate: Ecophysiological Models -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Overview of Ecophysiological Models -- 4.2.1 Development -- 4.2.2 Growth -- 4.2.3 Partitioning -- 4.2.4 Environment -- 4.2.4.1 Temperature -- 4.2.4.2 Water -- 4.2.4.3 Nitrogen and Other Nutrients -- 4.2.5 Crop Management. , 4.2.6 Cultivar Characteristics -- 4.3 Applications in Climate Change Research -- 4.3.1 Basic Estimation of Climate Change Impacts -- 4.3.2 Adaptation -- 4.3.3 Pending Issues in Applications of Ecophysiological Models -- 4.3.3.1 Model Selection and Accuracy -- 4.3.3.2 Plant Processes -- 4.3.3.3 Model Design -- 4.3.3.4 Application Scenarios -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- Lobell_Ch05_O.pdf -- Chapter 5 -- Crop Responses to Climate: Time-Series Models -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 A Worked Example: U.S. Maize Yields -- 5.3 Common Issues in Time Series Modeling -- 5.3.1 Spatial and Temporal Extent -- 5.3.2 Trend Removal -- 5.3.3 Climate Variable Selection -- 5.3.4 Functional Forms -- 5.3.5 Data Quality and Regression Bias -- 5.4 Projecting Impacts of Climate Change with Time Series Models -- 5.5 Summary -- References -- Lobell_Ch06_O.pdf -- Chapter 6 -- Crop Responses to Climate and Weather: Cross-Section and Panel Models -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Cross-Sectional Analysis -- 6.3 Panel Analysis -- 6.4 An Illustrative Example -- 6.5 A Brief Summary of Examples for the United States -- 6.6 Summary -- References -- Lobell_Ch07_O.pdf -- Chapter 7 -- Direct Effects of Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Ozone on Crop Yields -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Experimental Approaches for Investigating Crop Production in Elevated [CO2] -- 7.3 Direct Effects of Elevated [CO2] on Plant Physiology -- 7.4 Crop Yield Responses to Elevated [CO2] -- 7.4.1 Changes in Yield Quantity at Elevated [CO2] -- 7.4.2 Change in Components of Yield at Elevated [CO2] -- 7.4.3 Changes in Yield Quality at Elevated [CO2] -- 7.6 Crop Responses to Elevated Ozone -- 7.7 Knowledge Gaps and Future Challenges -- 7.8 Summary -- References -- Lobell_Ch08_O.pdf -- Chapter 8 -- Food Security and Adaptation to Climate Change: What Do We Know? -- 8.1 Introduction. , 8.2 Farmer Adaptation to Climate: Dealing with Variability -- 8.3 Adapting to Climate Change: Some Difficulties -- 8.3.1 Signal Detection -- 8.3.2 Cognitive Biases -- 8.4 Farmer Adaptations and Their Potential Gains -- 8.4.1 Switching Planting Date -- 8.4.2 Switching Varieties or Crops -- 8.4.3 Expanding Irrigated and Total Cropped Area -- 8.4.4 Diversify Income -- 8.5 Broader Economic Adjustments to Climate Change -- 8.6 Planned Adaptations -- 8.6.1 Investments in Crop Development -- 8.6.2 Making Markets Work for the Poor -- 8.6.3 Building Local Knowledge -- 8.6.4 Expansion of Irrigation Infrastructure -- 8.6.5 When Adaptation in Agriculture Is Not Enough -- 8.7 Measuring Progress in Adaptation -- 8.8 Summary -- References -- Lobell_Ch09_O.pdf -- Chapter 9 -- Breeding Strategies to Adapt Crops to a Changing Climate -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Breeding Wheat for Adaptation to Moisture Stress and Increased Temperature -- 9.2.1 Genetic Variability -- 9.2.1.1 The Breeding Program Gene Pool -- 9.2.1.2 Landrace Cultivars -- 9.2.1.3 Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat -- 9.2.1.4 Alien Introgression -- 9.2.1.5 Characters Important in Conservation Agriculture -- 9.2.1.6 Root Disease Resistance -- 9.2.1.7 Nutritional Quality -- 9.2.1.8 Product and Processing Quality -- 9.2.2 Breeding Strategies to Improve Productivity and End-Use Quality Under Moisture Deficit and Higher Temperature -- 9.2.2.1 Crossing -- 9.2.2.2 Selection -- 9.2.2.3 Evaluation -- 9.2.3 Some Considerations When Breeding Crops Other than Wheat -- 9.2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Lobell_Ch10_O.pdf -- Chapter 10 -- Global and Regional Assessments -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Global Assessments -- 10.3 Regional Assessments -- 10.3.1 China -- 10.3.2 India -- 10.3.3 Sub-Saharan Africa -- 10.3.4 United States of America -- 10.4 Measuring Uncertainties -- 10.5 Summary -- References -- Lobell_Ch11_O.pdf. , Chapter 11 -- Where Do We Go from Here? -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Food Availability -- 11.3 Food Access -- 11.4 Food Utilization -- 11.5 Final Thoughts.

Note: Chirality at the Nanoscale: Nanoparticles, Surfaces, Materials and more -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 An Introduction to Chirality at the Nanoscale -- 1.1 Historical Introduction to Optical Activity and Chirality -- 1.2 Chirality and Life -- 1.2.1 Homochirality -- 1.2.2 Pasteur's Conjecture -- 1.3 Symmetry and Chirality -- 1.3.1 Spatial Symmetry -- 1.3.2 Inversion Symmetry: Parity, Time Reversal and Charge Conjugation -- 1.3.3 True and False Chirality -- 1.3.4 Symmetry Violation -- 1.3.5 Symmetry Violation versus Symmetry Breaking -- 1.3.6 Chirality in Two Dimensions -- 1.4 Absolute Enantioselection -- 1.4.1 Truly Chiral Influences -- 1.4.2 Falsely Chiral Influences -- 1.5 Spectroscopic Probes of Chirality in Nanosystems -- 1.5.1 Electronic Optical Activity -- 1.5.2 Vibrational Optical Activity -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Optically Active Supramolecules -- 2.1 Introduction to Supramolecular Stereochemistry -- 2.1.1 Survey of Weak Intermolecular Attractive Forces -- 2.1.2 Timescale of Supramolecular Interactions and Racemization Processes -- 2.2 Self-Assembly of Intrinsically Chiral Molecular Capsules -- 2.2.1 Hydrogen-Bonded Assemblies -- 2.2.1.1 Double Rosettes -- 2.2.1.2 Hydrogen-Bonded Capsules -- 2.2.2 Metal-ligand Assemblies -- 2.3 Chiral Induction in the Formation of Supramolecular Systems -- 2.3.1 Chiral Memory Effect in Hydrogen-Bonded Assemblies -- 2.3.2 Chiral Memory Effect in Metal-Ligand Assemblies -- 2.4 Chiral Spaces for Chiral Recognition -- 2.4.1 Enantioselective Recognition within Chiral Racemic Self-Assembled Hosts -- 2.4.1.1 Hydrogen-Bonded Hosts -- 2.4.1.2 Metal-Ligand Hosts -- 2.4.2 Interguests Chiral Sensing within Achiral Self-Assembled Hosts -- 2.4.2.1 Hydrogen-Bonded Hosts -- 2.4.2.2 Metal-Ligand Hosts -- 2.5 Conclusion and Outlook -- References. , 3 Chiral Nanoparticles -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Nanoparticle Properties and Synthesis -- 3.2.1 Nanoparticle Properties -- 3.2.2 Preparation, Purification and Size Separation -- 3.2.2.1 Preparation -- 3.2.3 Purification and Separation of Nanoparticles -- 3.3 Chiroptical Properties of Inorganic Nanoparticles -- 3.3.1 Vibrational Circular Dichroism -- 3.3.2 Circular Dichroism -- 3.3.3 Origin of Optical Activity in Metal-Based Transitions -- 3.4 Optically Active Coordination Clusters -- 3.5 Nanoparticles of Chiral Organic Compounds -- 3.6 Applications -- 3.6.1 Asymmetric Catalysis -- 3.6.2 Nanoparticles in Liquid-Crystal Media -- 3.6.3 Chiral Discrimination -- 3.7 Outlook -- References -- 4 Gels as a Media for Functional Chiral Nanofibers -- 4.1 A Brief Introduction to Gels -- 4.1.1 Introduction -- 4.1.2 Definition of Gels -- 4.1.3 Classification of Gels -- 4.1.4 Chirality in Gels -- 4.2 Chiral Organogels -- 4.2.1 Steroid-Based Chiral Gelators -- 4.2.2 Pyrene-Based Chiral Gelators -- 4.2.3 Diaminoyclohexane-Based Chiral Gelators -- 4.2.4 OPV-Based Chiral Gelators -- 4.3 Chiral Hydrogels -- 4.3.1 Chiral Fatty Acids -- 4.3.2 Chiral Sugar-Based Gelators -- 4.3.3 Miscellaneous Chiral Hydrogelators -- 4.3.3.1 The Future of Chiral Gels in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology -- References -- 5 Expression of Chirality in Polymers -- 5.1 Historical Perspective on Chiral Polymers -- 5.2 Chiral Architecture Control in Polymer Synthesis -- 5.2.1 Polymerization of Chiral Assemblies -- 5.2.1.1 Chiral Organization Through H-Bonding Interactions -- 5.2.1.2 Chiral Organization Through π-Stacking Interactions -- 5.2.1.3 Chiral Organization Through Mesogenic Driving Forces -- 5.2.2 Control of Chiral Architecture During Polymerization -- 5.2.2.1 Polymerization in Chiral Solvents -- 5.2.2.2 Polymerization with Chiral Templates. , 5.2.2.3 Polymerization of Chiral Assemblies by Circularly Polarized Radiation -- 5.2.3 Chiral Architecture Control upon Polymerization: Noncovalent Interactions -- 5.2.3.1 Control of the Chiral Architecture by H-Bonding Interactions -- 5.2.3.2 Control of the Chiral Architecture byp-Stacking and Steric Factors -- 5.2.3.3 Chiral Superstructures by π-Interactions: Chiral Aggregates -- 5.3 Asymmetry Induction in Nonchiral Polymers -- 5.3.1 Induction Through Noncovalent Interaction with Chiral Molecules -- 5.3.1.1 Chiral Induction by Acid-Base Interactions -- 5.3.1.2 Chiral Induction by Host-Cation Interactions -- 5.3.1.3 Chiral Induction by Metal Coordination -- 5.3.2 Induction Through Noncovalent Interaction with Chiral Polymers -- 5.3.3 Induction Through the Formation of Inclusion Complexes -- 5.3.4 Induction by a Chiral External Stimulus -- 5.3.4.1 Solvent-Induced Chirality -- 5.3.4.2 Light-Induced Chirality -- 5.4 Chiral Memory Effects. Tuning Helicity -- 5.4.1 Memory Effects from Chiral Polymers -- 5.4.1.1 Temperature- and/or Solvent-Driven Memory Effects -- 5.4.1.2 Light-Driven Memory Effects -- 5.4.2 Memory Effects from Achiral Polymers -- 5.5 Chiral Block-Copolymers and Nanoscale Segregation -- 5.5.1 Chiral Block-Copolymers: Nanoscale Segregation in the Bulk -- 5.5.2 Chiral Block-Copolymers: Nanoscale Segregation in the Mesophase -- 5.5.3 Chiral Block-Copolymers: Nanoscale Segregation in Solvents. Amphiphilic Block-Copolymers -- 5.6 Templates for Chiral Objects -- 5.6.1 Templates for Chiral Supramolecular Aggregates -- 5.6.1.1 Templating with Natural Helical Polymers -- 5.6.1.2 Templating with Synthetic Helical Polymers -- 5.6.2 Molecular Imprinting with Helical Polymers -- 5.6.3 Templating by Wrapping with Helical Polymers -- 5.6.4 Alignment of Functional Groups -- 5.6.4.1 Polyisocyanides -- 5.6.4.2 Polypeptides -- 5.6.4.3 Polyacetylenes. , 5.6.4.4 Foldamers -- 5.7 Outlook -- References -- 6 Nanoscale Exploration of Molecular and Supramolecular Chirality at Metal Surfaces under Ultrahigh-Vacuum Conditions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Creation of Surface Chirality in 1D Superstructures -- 6.3 The Creation of 2D Surface Chirality -- 6.3.1 2D Supramolecular Chiral Clusters at Surfaces -- 6.3.2 2D Covalent Chiral Clusters at Surfaces -- 6.3.3 Large Macroscopic 2-D Chiral Arrays -- 6.3.4 Chiral Nanocavity Arrays -- 6.4 Chiral Recognition Mapped at the Single-Molecule Level -- 6.4.1 Homochiral Self-Recognition -- 6.4.2 Diastereomeric Chiral Recognition -- 6.4.2.1 Diastereomeric Chiral Recognition by Homochiral Structures -- 6.4.2.2 Diastereomeric Chiral Recognition by Heterochiral Structures -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- 7 Expression of Chirality in Physisorbed Monolayers Observed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 How to Recognize Chirality at the Liquid/Solid Interface -- 7.2.1 Chirality at the Level of the Monolayer Symmetry -- 7.2.2 Chirality at the Level of the Monolayer-Substrate Orientation -- 7.2.3 Determination Absolute Configuration -- 7.3 Chirality in Monolayers Composed of Enantiopure Molecules -- 7.4 Polymorphism -- 7.5 Is Chirality Always Expressed? -- 7.6 Racemic Mixtures: Spontaneous Resolution? -- 7.6.1 Chiral Molecules -- 7.6.2 Achiral Molecules -- 7.7 Multicomponent Structures -- 7.8 Physical Fields -- 7.9 Outlook -- References -- 8 Structure and Function of Chiral Architectures of Amphiphilic Molecules at the Air/Water Interface -- 8.1 An introduction to Chiral Monolayers on Water Surface -- 8.2 Two-Dimensional Crystalline Self-Assembly of Enantiopure and Racemates of Amphiphiles at the Air/Water Interface -- Spontaneous Segregation of Racemates into Enantiomorphous 2D Domains -- 8.3 Langmuir Monolayers of Amphiphilica-Amino Acids. , 8.3.1 Domain Morphology and Energy Calculations in Monolayers of N-acyl-a-Amino Acids -- 8.4 Stochastic Asymmetric Transformations in Two Dimensions at the Water Surface -- 8.5 Self-Assembly of Diastereoisomeric Films at the Air/Water Interface -- 8.6 Interactions of the Polar Head Groups with the Molecules of the Aqueous Environment -- 8.7 Interdigitated Bi- or Multilayer Films on the Water Surface -- 8.8 Structural Transfer from 2D Monolayers to 3D Crystals -- 8.9 Homochiral Peptides from Racemic Amphiphilic Monomers at the Air/Water Interface -- 8.10 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Nanoscale Stereochemistry in Liquid Crystals -- 9.1 The Liquid-Crystalline State -- 9.2 Chirality in Liquid Crystals Based on Fixed Molecular Chirality -- 9.2.1 Chiral Nematic Phases and Blue Phases -- 9.2.2 Chirality in Smectic Phases -- 9.2.3 Polar Order and Switching in Chiral LC Phases -- 9.2.3.1 Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Switching -- 9.2.3.2 Electroclinic Effect -- 9.2.3.3 Electric-Field-Driven Deracemization -- 9.2.4 Chirality Transfer via Guest-Host Interactions -- 9.2.5 Induction of Phase Chirality by External Chiral Stimuli -- 9.2.6 Chirality in Columnar LC Phases -- 9.3 Chirality Due to Molecular Self-Assembly of Achiral Molecules -- 9.3.1 Helix Formation in Columnar Phases -- 9.3.2 Helical Filaments in Lamellar Mesophases -- 9.4 Polar Order and Chirality in LC Phases Formed by Achiral Bent-Core Molecules -- 9.4.1 Phase Structures and Polar Order -- 9.4.2 Superstructural Chirality and Diastereomerism -- 9.4.3 Switching of Superstructural Chirality -- 9.4.4 Macroscopic Chirality and Spontaneous Reection Symmetry Breaking in''Banana Phases'' -- 9.4.4.1 Layer Chirality -- 9.4.4.2 Dark Conglomerate Phases -- 9.5 Spontaneous Reflection-Symmetry Breaking in Other LC Phases -- 9.5.1 Chirality in Nematic Phases of Achiral Bent-Core Molecules. , 9.5.2 Spontaneous Resolution of Racemates in LC Phases of Rod-Like Mesogens.

Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Deadication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 The science of understanding landscape change: setting the scene for the Tumut Fragmentation Study -- A guide to using the book -- A few caveats -- 2 The theory: an overview of landscape change and habitat fragmentation -- The 'species-orientated' to 'patterns-based' continuum -- Conceptual models of landscape cover -- The landscape contour model -- Limitations of the contour model and single-species approaches -- Pattern-based landscape models -- The island model -- The patch-matrix-corridor model -- The variegation model -- Limitations of pattern-based landscape models -- The link between single-species and multi-species landscape models -- Research at Tumut -- Landscape context and landscape heterogeneity -- Research at Tumut -- Threshold responses to native vegetation cover -- Research at Tumut -- Patch size relationships -- Research at Tumut -- Habitat subdivision, habitat isolation and metapopulation dynamics -- Research at Tumut -- Connectivity -- Complexity, issues and interrelationships -- Research at Tumut -- Nestedness -- Research at Tumut -- Edges -- Abiotic edge effects -- Biotic edge effects -- Research at Tumut -- Summary -- 3 The field laboratory: the Tumut study area and the vertebrate animals it supports -- Geology and climate -- Plantation vegetation cover -- Native vegetation cover -- Disturbance -- Fauna of the Tumut region -- Birds -- Mammals -- Arboreal marsupials -- Terrestrial native mammals -- Terrestrial feral mammals -- Reptiles -- Frogs -- Other groups -- Summary -- 4 Setting up the study: the design and implementation of the main cross-sectional study at Tumut -- The experimental design underpinning the cross-sectional study at Tumut -- Enumeration of the eucalypt remnants. , Selection procedures for eucalypt remnants surrounded by stands of Radiata Pine -- Identifying a sampling unit: a pilot study and calibration of survey methods -- Site establishment for eucalypt remnants -- Selection of eucalypt 'controls' and Radiata Pine 'matrix' sites -- Measurement of covariates -- Final experimental design -- Reasons why the Tumut area was selected for study -- The availability of 'control sites' -- The potential to cross-match eucalypt remnant and control sites -- Known history of landscape modification -- The relative uniformity of landscape (pine) 'matrix' sites -- Previous understanding of faunal populations -- Limitations of the cross-sectional study of landscape context effects -- Target groups selected for study -- Summary -- 5 The core findings: the effects of landscape context on animals and plants -- Survey methods -- Arboreal marsupials -- Methods -- Results -- Small terrestrial mammals -- Methods -- Results -- Birds -- Methods -- Results -- Reptiles -- Methods -- Results -- Frogs -- Methods -- Results -- Invertebrates -- Methods -- Results -- Vascular plants -- Methods -- Landscape context effects for vascular plants -- Invasive vascular plants -- Methods -- Results -- Bryophytes -- Methods -- Results -- Summary of landscape context effects for different groups -- 6 Patch use: how animals use patches of remnant eucalypt forest surrounded by pine -- Movement and other changes in patches of different sizes -- Patch use by the Greater Glider -- Roosting behaviour by the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo in eucalypt patches -- Bush Rat movements in remnant patches of eucalypt forest -- Bird calling behaviour within patches -- Patch-matrix interrelationships -- Altered breeding behaviour and dispersal -- Summary -- 7 Theory against data: testing ecological theories and concepts -- Conceptual models of landscape cover. , Empirical studies of conceptual landscape models at Tumut -- Lessons from the research at Tumut -- Nested subset theory -- Empirical studies of nestedness at Tumut -- Lessons from the research at Tumut -- Ecological thresholds in the amounts of native vegetation cover -- Empirical studies of thresholds at Tumut -- Lessons from the research at Tumut -- Landscape indices -- Empirical studies of landscape indices at Tumut -- Lessons from the research at Tumut -- Tests of the peninsula effect -- Empirical studies of peninsula effects at Tumut -- Lessons from the research at Tumut -- Other tests of theory -- Summary -- 8 Testing PVA models with real data: melding demographic work with population modelling -- Population viability analysis (PVA) -- PVA model testing at Tumut -- Model testing for arboreal marsupials -- Background biology -- Modelling of arboreal marsupials -- Model testing for small mammals -- Background biology -- Modelling of small mammals -- Model testing for birds -- Background biology -- Modelling of birds -- Lessons from Tumut -- Summary -- 9 Genes in the landscape: integrating genetic and demographic analyses -- Genetic analyses of Bush Rat populations -- Patterns of fine-scale spatial genetic structure -- A population removal and recovery experiment on the Bush Rat -- Experimental design -- Genetic analyses -- Demographic data and post-perturbation population recovery -- Genetic analyses of population knockdown -- Mechanisms underpinning rapid post-removal population recovery -- Lessons from the work -- Genetic analyses of Agile Antechinus populations -- Genetic analyses of Greater Glider populations -- Hypothesis testing prior to genetic analyses -- Collection of historical samples -- Field captures of the Greater Glider -- Field sampling of current populations of the Greater Glider -- Genetic analyses. , Genetic analyses of saproxylic beetle populations -- Summary -- 10 Refining and extending the research programme: additional studies at Tumut (and nearby) that build on the Fragmentation Study -- The Edge Experiment -- Experimental design -- Results of the Edge Experiment to date -- The Nest Predation Study -- The Nanangroe Natural Experiment -- Experimental design -- Results of the Nanangroe Natural Experiment to date -- Summary -- 11 Recommendations for plantation managers: implications for biodiversity and conservation in plantations -- The significance of plantation expansion as a form of landscape change -- Softwood plantation management and the conservation of remnant native vegetation -- Remnant native vegetation within plantations -- Extent of remnant vegetation within plantation boundaries -- Spatial and temporal patterns of patch-matrix contrast -- Management of gullies -- Management of aquatic areas -- Hygiene of plantation machinery -- The maintenance of biological legacies -- The lack of indicator species -- Summary -- 12 Lessons on running large-scale research studies: some insights from running the Tumut Fragmentation Study and directions for the future -- The challenges of maintaining a large-scale, multifaceted research project -- Data curation and management -- The maintenance of a field presence -- Funding -- Deficiencies in existing work and future work -- Some concluding remarks -- Appendix 1: List of collaborators/contributors to the Tumut Fragmentation Experiment -- Principal Investigators -- Field Research Staff -- Scientific Investigators and collaborators (alphabetical order) -- Appendix 2: Detections of bird species in the Tumut Fragmentation Study classified by four broad classes of sites -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Introduction -- Regulaton of Potassium Distribution -- 2.1 Effect of Sodium, Potassium ATPase Activity on Distribution -- 2.2 Hormonal Effects on Distribution -- 2.3 Aldosterone's Effect on Distribution -- 2.4 Factors Transiently Affecting Distribution -- Potassium Transport in Segments of the Nephron -- 3.1 Reabsorption in the Proximate Tubule -- 3.2 Reabsorption in the Loop of Henle -- 3.3 Secretion and Absorption in the Distal Nephron -- Regulation of Potassium Excretion -- 4.1 Effect of Tubular Flow Rate on Reabsorption -- 4.2 Hormonal Effects on Reabsorption -- 4.2.1 Angiotensin II -- 4.2.2 Vasopressin -- 4.2.3 Prostaglandin E2 -- Control of Aldosterone Secretion -- 5.1 Cellular Mechanisms of Aldosterone Secretion -- 5.2 Control of Renin Release -- 5.3 Long-term Control of Aldosterone -- System Analysis of Potassium Regulation -- 6.1 Tenets of the Hypothesis -- 6.1.1 The Mathematical Model -- 6.2 Comparison of Model Simulations with Experimental Data -- 6.3 Model Prediction -- 6.3.1 Clinically Relevant Model Predictions -- 6.4 Questions Raised by the Model -- 6.5 Summary -- Pharmacotherapeutics Interactions -- 7.1 Diuretics -- 7.2 Inhibitors of Angiotensin Formation or Receptor Binding -- 7.3 Mineralocorticoid Antagonists -- 7.4 Beta Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists -- 7.5 Insulin -- Disorders of Potassium Control -- 8.1  Hyperkalemia -- 8.2  Hypokalemia -- 8.2.1 Clinical Symptoms -- 8.3  Etiology of Potassium Depletion and Hypokalemia -- 8.3.1 Gastrointestinal Loss -- 8.3.2 Loss in Sweat -- 8.4  Diagnosis and Treatment -- 8.4.1 Dietary Modification -- 8.4.2 Potassium Supplements -- 8.4.3 Potassium Sparing Diuretics -- 8.5  Summary -- References -- Author Bibliography.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Abstract -- Brief History of Herpetology in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology -- Type Specimens of Recent Amphibians and Novavian Reptiles in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology -- List of type specimens -- Amphibia -- Anura -- Caudata -- Gymnophiona -- Reptilia -- Squamata -- Serpentes -- Testudines -- Geographic Distribution of Type Localities of Recent Amphibians and Nonavian Reptiles in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology -- Appendix: Herpetologists in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology -- Literature Cited.