Note: Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Table of cases -- Table of treaties and decisions -- PART I Setting the scene -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The evolution of global climate governance -- PART II Analytical framework -- 3. The concept of fragmentation -- 4. Types of regime interaction -- 5. Management of regime interactions -- PART III Case studies -- 6. The UN climate regime and minilateral clean technology agreements -- 7. The UN climate regime and the Convention on Biological Diversity -- 8. The UN climate regime and the World Trade Organization -- PART IV Synthesis and conclusions -- 9. Regime interactions in global climate governance -- 10. Conclusions and ways forward -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- List of contributors -- List of abbreviations -- Part I: Introduction and overview -- 1 Climate change policy in the European Union: an introduction -- Introduction: climate change enters the political mainstream -- Understanding climate change governance: the importance of the European Union -- The emergence of climate policy in the European Union -- Comprehending the complexity of the European Union -- Governing and governance -- Policy choices and governance dilemmas -- Exploring the paradoxes of EU policy making -- Plan of this book -- Notes -- References -- Part II: The evolving governance context: the European Union -- 2 Governing the European Union: policy choices and governance dilemmas -- Introduction -- Policy choices and governance dilemmas -- What is 'the problem'? Problem perception dilemmas -- At what level should governors act? Level and scale dilemmas -- When should governors act? Timing and sequencing dilemmas -- How should governors act? Mode and instrument dilemmas -- Who wins and who loses? Cost and benefit dilemmas -- Is policy change secured? Implementation and enforcement dilemmas -- The potential interaction between policy choices and governance dilemmas -- Governing in the European Union -- Making choices and handling dilemmas -- Governance in the European Union: formal features -- Governance in the European Union: informal features -- Governing the European Union: different theoretical approaches -- State-centred theories -- Process-centred theories -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 3 The evolution of climate policy in the European Union: an historical overview -- Introduction -- The evolution of EU climate policy -- Pre-1988: the first stirrings of scientific concern. , 1988-1992: the EU's first bid for international leadership -- 1992-1997: coming to terms with a widening gap between targets and action -- 1997-2001: the EU's second bid for international leadership -- 2001-2005: strengthening and extending the international policy framework -- 2005-2008: complying with Kyoto and preparing for the post-2012 period -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Part III: Climate policy in the European Union: understanding the past -- 4 Burden sharing: distributing burdens or sharing efforts? -- Introduction -- The main phases of policy development -- The early days: endorsement of the principle, but little progress with implementation -- Breakthrough in the run up to Kyoto: the Triptych Approach -- After Kyoto: adjusting and implementing the 1997 agreement -- The debate reopens: effort sharing post-2012 -- The adoption of the 20-20-20 package -- Burden sharing in the EU: a summary -- How were the governance dilemmas confronted? -- What was 'the problem'? -- At what level was policy enacted? -- When and in what sequence did governors act? -- What modes and instruments did governors employ? -- How were the costs and benefits of governing allocated? -- How were policy results secured? -- Looking back across the dilemmas -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 5 Renewable energies: a continuing balancing act? -- Introduction -- The main phases of policy development -- 1970s - 1980s: the oil shock as an early impetus -- Internal market concerns rise up the agenda -- Post-1995: recognition of three interconnected problems -- Renewable energies in the 2008 climate-energy package -- How were the governance dilemmas confronted? -- What was 'the problem'? -- At what level was policy enacted? -- When and in what sequence did governors act? -- What modes and instruments did governors employ?. , How were the costs and benefits of governing allocated? -- How were policy results secured? -- Looking back across the dilemmas -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 6 Emissions trading: the enthusiastic adoption of an 'alien' instrument? -- Introduction -- The main phases of policy development -- The origins of emissions trading -- The emergence of emissions trading in Europe -- The 2003 Emissions Trading Directive -- Moving towards implementation -- The emergence of a revised scheme -- How were the governance dilemmas confronted? -- What was 'the problem'? -- At what level was policy enacted? -- When and in what sequence did governors act? -- What modes and instruments did governors employ? -- How were the costs and benefits of governing allocated? -- How were policy results secured? -- Looking back across the dilemmas -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 7 Adapting to a changing climate: an emerging European Union policy? -- Introduction -- The main phases of policy development -- Policy development at national level -- The origins of EU adaptation policy -- The emergence of EU adaptation policy -- EU policy beyond the Adaptation Green and White Papers -- How were the governance dilemmas confronted? -- What was 'the problem'? -- At what level was policy enacted? -- When and in what sequence did governors act? -- What modes and instruments did governors employ? -- How were the costs and benefits of governing allocated? -- How were policy results secured? -- Looking back across the dilemmas -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 8 Adaptation in the water sector: will mainstreaming be sufficient? -- Introduction -- The main phases of policy development -- The 1970s - 1980s: water pollution rises up the European agenda -- The 1990s: the Commission exploits its stronger legal mandate. , 2005-2009: the rise of climate change concerns -- How were the governance dilemmas confronted? -- What was 'the problem'? -- At what level was policy enacted? -- When and in what sequence did governors act? -- What modes and instruments did governors employ? -- How were the costs and benefits of governing allocated? -- How were policy results secured? -- Looking back across the dilemmas -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 9 The evolution of climate change policy in the European Union: a synthesis -- Introduction -- The evolution of climate policy in the EU -- The six main phases of policy development -- Looking back across the phases -- Confronting the dilemmas of mitigation and adaptation -- What was 'the problem'? -- At what level or scale was policy enacted? -- When and in what sequence did governors act? -- What modes and instruments did governors employ? -- How were the costs and benefits of governing allocated? -- How were policy results secured? -- Theorising the governance of climate change -- State-centred theories -- Process-centred theories -- Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Climate policy in the European Union: future challenges -- 10 Exploring the future: the role of scenarios and policy exercises -- Introduction -- Exploring the future: the role of scenarios -- Scenarios in policy research -- Scenarios in climate change research -- Climate policy scenarios for the European Union -- Four climate policy worlds: narrative sketches -- Coordinated mitigation: 'Kyoto+++' -- Autonomous mitigation: 'fragmentation and lowarbon competition' -- Coordinated adaptation: 'sharing the burdens of adaptive planning' -- Autonomous adaptation: 'let them adapt!' -- Exploring the future: policy exercises and policy games -- Policy games -- Policy exercises -- Policy exercises and games: a summary. , Exploring the future of climate policy in the European Union -- Policy scenarios -- A policy exercise on burden sharing -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Governance choices and dilemmas in a warmer Europe: what does the future hold? -- Introduction -- Climate policy in four future worlds -- Coordinated mitigation: 'Kyoto+++' -- Autonomous mitigation: 'fragmentation and low-carbon competition' -- Coordinated adaptation: 'sharing the burdens of adaptive planning' -- Autonomous adaptation: 'let them adapt!' -- Exploring future climate policy: new choices and new dilemmas? -- Problem perception dilemmas -- Level and scale dilemmas -- Timing and sequencing dilemmas -- Mode and instrument dilemmas -- Cost and benefit dilemmas -- Implementation and enforcement dilemmas -- Future climate policy in the European Union: some conclusions -- Note -- References -- Part V: Climate policy in the European Union: retrospect and prospect -- 12 Governing climate change in the European Union: understanding the past and preparing for the future -- Introduction -- What climate policies have been adopted? -- Climate policy choices in the past thirty years -- Climate policy development in the EU: a summary -- The paradoxes of governance in the EU -- Coping with the paradoxes of governance -- Leadership and leaderlessness -- International 'actorness' and internal diversity -- Harmonisation and burden sharing -- Ambitious targets but constrained instrument choices -- Energetic policy development but weak implementation -- The paradoxes of governance: are they enabling or constraining? -- Looking forwards: preparing for new choices and new dilemmas -- Immediate challenges -- Underlying challenges -- References -- Index.