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  • 1
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    Distribuzione nazionale della vulnerabilità media comunale (2020)
    CNR-Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai Terremoti, Roma
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-09
    Description: The vulnerability assessment on large areas was carried out on residential buildings adopting a statistical approach that has been developed for this purpose. In fact, even though the method for evaluating single buildings vulnerability is quite well defined, it cannot be applied to large areas, not only because it would cost too much in money and time to survey each building, but also because the result would be useless at this scale, where the information needed for decision making is less detailed. Census data are a primary source in this case: they cover homogeneously the whole country though the information they provide permits only to estimate the total number of buildings, the total volume and a poor classification in terms of age and few typological parameters. The collection and review of available data regarding previous buildings vulnerability surveys performed by GNDT and census archives has been organised inside a database for the calibration of buildings vulnerability functions in the investigated area. The vulnerability evaluation for all Italian municipalities has been performed as a weighted mean of the average vulnerability index for each census classes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105-131
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Keywords: 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
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    Layman's Report of the European Project UPStrat-MAFA (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-23
    Description: Earthquakes have been the cause of the deadliest natural disasters over the past century, with the first decade of the 21st century as one of the most devastating periods. Due to the high number of factors that contribute to earthquake occurrence, their prediction is extremely difficult. At the moment, large efforts are being lavished by the international community in scientific and economic terms, in studies for the probabilistic short-term and long-term earthquake forecasting and for simulation aspects of the generation process in order to reduce the risk and to mitigate the damage and its impact. The project aims at the implementation of innovative prevention approaches to consistently link prevention measures to preparedness and response needs. To support the decisionmaking, several projects have already been developed, like seismic scenario simulators, vulnerability assessment of buildings, non-structural components, critical assets, lifeline (critical) infrastructures, and others. Despite these many efforts, neither functional interdependencies (propagation effects) nor intervention strategies or priorities have been incorporated as final tools in the support of decisions for riskreduction policies. In this project, tools that are specifically devoted to the identification of priorities have been delivered. First, a new concept of global disruption measures is introduced, with the objective to provide a systematic way to measure earthquake impact in urban areas. Then, a framework is provided where urbanized areas are seen as a complex network where nodal points have roles as sources and sinks, interacting together in an interdependent fashion. Here, each player (urban functions and physical assets) has its unique dependencies and interaction behavior. These properties are then used to identify which nodes are likely to introduce major disruption in the whole urban system, and also which one of them suggests greater risk reduction if intervention takes place.
    Description: Co-financed by the EU - Civil Protection Financial Instrument - GRANT AGREEMENT n. 230301/2011/613486/SUB/A5
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic impact ; Disruption index ; Urban system ; Risk measures ; Seismic hazard ; Disaster prevention ; Education ; Information strategies ; Information strategies ; UPStrat-MAFA European project ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 3
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    Applying the Disruption Index procedure to evaluate the urban seismic risk in the Mt. Etna area (Italy) (2015)
    Engineering Geology for Society and Territory, 5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: The Disruption Index is used here for the assessment of urban disruption in the Mt. Etna area after a natural disaster. The first element of the procedure is the definition of the seismic input, which is based on information about the historical seismicity and seismogenic faults. The second element is the computation of the seismic impact on the building stock and infrastructure in the region considered. Information on urban-scale vulnerability was collected and a geographic information system was used to organize the data relating to buildings and network systems (e. g., typologies, schools, strategic structures, lifelines). The central idea underlying the definition of the Disruption Index is the identification and evaluation of the impacts on a target community, considering the physical elements that contribute most to the severe disruption. The results of this study are therefore very useful for earthquake preparedness planning and for the development of strategies to minimize the risks from earthquakes. This study is a product of the European “Urban Disaster Prevention Strategies using Macroseismic Fields and Fault Sources” project (UPStrat-MAFA European project 2013).
    Description: Published
    Description: Torino, Italy
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Disruption Index, Mt. Etna Volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 4
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    On assessing importance of components in dysfunction urban systems given an earthquake: the case of Mt. Etna region (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: Mt Etna region (Sicily, Italy) is one of the test areas studied in the European Project “Urban disaster Prevention Strategies using MAcroseismic fields and FAult sources” ( UPStrat-MAFA) to which the methodology of Disruption Index (hereafter DI), recently developed to evaluate the dysfunction of urban systems caused by earthquakes (Ferreira et al., 2014), has been applied on a trial basis.
    Description: Published
    Description: Istanbul, Turkey
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic Risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 5
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    Seismic Hazard and Related Risk at Mt Etna Volcano: a contribution to the improvement of emergency plans (2015)
    Miscellanea INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Natural disasters, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, have strong effects on the socioeconomic well-being of countries and their people. The consequences of these events can lead to complex cascades of related incidents, and in more serious contexts they can threaten our basic survivability. The problem of the seismic risk is a well-known issue at Etna due to the high-intensities volcano-tectonic earthquakes that frequently damage the very populated flanks of the volcano. In the framework of the european UPStrat-MAFA project, seismic hazard was performed following the probabilistic approach (PSHA) based on historical macroseismic data, by using the SASHA code [D’Amico and Albarello, 2008]. This approach uses intensity site observations to compute the seismic history for each investigated locality; the results, are expressed in terms of maximum intensity expected in a given exposure time, for exceedance probability thresholds. The seismic site histories were reconstructed from the database of macroseismic observation related to the historical catalogue of Mt. Etna from 1832 to 2013 [CMTE, 2014], implemented by “spot” observations as far back as 1600 [Azzaro and Castelli, 2014]. To improve the completeness of the site seismic histories, the dataset of the observed intensities was integrated with ‘virtual’ values, calculated according to attenuation laws. The attenuation model applied is based on Bayesian statistics performed on the Etna dataset [Rotondi et al., 2013], and provides the probabilistic distribution of the intensity at a given site. The hazard maps, calculated using a grid spaced 1 km, shows that for short exposure times (10 and 30 years, Figure 1a), volcano-tectonic earthquakes are the main source of shaking for the area. In particular localities in the eastern flank of the volcano have very high probabilities to suffer damage at least of VII degree in the next 30 years. Moreover, the de-aggregation analysis between magnitude vs seismic source demonstrates that S. Tecla fault (STF in Figure 1b) is one of the structures that mostly contribute to the hazard.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi, Italy
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 6
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    Application of artificial intelligence techniques in seismology and engineering seismology (2020)
    European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology (ECGS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: In the field of risk evaluation and seismic hazard assessment, it is necessary to codify a great quantity of aspects of the so called knowledge and to supply an intelligent support for the not-well-defined problems (data uncertainty, lack of rigorous solution algorithms). The main feature of an expert system is to emulate effectively the behaviour of a human expert in a particular and defined field, enabling the final user to improve its decisional process and giving access to him to a knowledge base otherwise not clearly codified. From these general considerations the intention came to develop the prototype CZAR (Classificatore Zone A Rischio) that is an expert system reproducing the Italian seismic classification based on the definition of Seismic Hazard given by Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica (PFG) of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). The expert system built up on the commercial shell Nexpert Object is working on a personal computer through a graphic interface developed with the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of Window 3.0. This user friendly interface makes possible the choice of different procedures to estimate the hazard parameters and also allows the activation of the classification inferential process. The influence of different assumptions and strategies has been evaluated by a mathematical algorithm suggested by the general structure of the Bayes’ theorem. In this paper the prototype of the expert system has been applied to the data relating to Toscana region (central Italy) and the interactive evaluation of the maps furnishes a relative measure for discrepancies on seismic classification in the 2nd seismic category.
    Description: Published
    Description: 153-173
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 7
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    An application on Geographic Information Systems connected to Expert System (2020)
    European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology (ECGS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: The studies urban areas directed at the definition of seismic risk, raise the problem of the seismic vulnerability assessment of construction properties that require the estimation of the tendency to damage of a plurality of buildings. Very often one comes upon buildings that have been constructed in former epochs without the use of seismic codes and generally built in masonry. The leads to the search for procedures for vulnerability assessment, based on the rapid acquisition of information on existing buildings, which must furnish a sufficiently reliable assessment of the seismic damageability, generally without the possibility to refer to very sophisticated models. In previous works, assessments of seismic vulnerability have been effected using surveys transferred on National Project for Seismic Prevention (GNDT) sheets (Zonno and Ducarme, eds, 1992). These works have been realized using capes systems in order to treat with the uncertainty of the data. However, the analyses that only refer to GNDT sheets, are limited to single buildings, ideationally understood as isolated. An alternative and maybe complementary attempt is to assess the vulnerability of buildings in a global structural context using Geographic Information Systems to mapping the urban system, integrated with the surveys transferred on COOT sheets. The main characteristics of the building and the structural context, indices of a major or minor damageability, have been individuated, but it is difficult to define a rapid procedure for the assessment of seismic vulnerability. The idea was to use an expert system to codify a basis of the presently acquired knowledge and to apply it automatically on the basis of the results obtained by processes of space analyses calculated by GIS. On the basis of the data obtained with GNDT sheets, the vulnerability of the building can be assessed independently from the structural context (intrinsic vulnerability). The availability of data on the space distribution of the adjoining buildings permits an assessment on the effective vulnerability that takes into account the influence of the structural context. With relation to other works effected on the argument, the proposed system automatically assesses a large quantity of geocoded data either in geometry and in the structure of the components. In particular, in this work the seismic vulnerability assessment of the buildings is effected through the Geographic Information Systems PC Arc-Info connected with the Expert System Shell Nexpert Object, starting from the methods used by the GNDT of the National Council for Research (CNR) (Benedetti and Petrini, 1984; Baldi and Corsanego, 1987) and integrating the effects of anisotropics of the structural behaviour and context (Grimaz, 1992-93).
    Description: Published
    Description: 105-128
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 8
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    The SERGISAI procedure for seismic risk assessment (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-06
    Description: The European project SERGISAI developed a computational tool where a methodology for seismic risk assessment at different geographical scales has been implemented. Experts of various disciplines, including seismologists, engineers, planners, geologists, and computer scientists, co-operated in an actual multidisciplinary process to develop this tool. Standard procedural codes, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques compose the whole system, that will enable the end user to carry out a complete seismic risk assessment at three geographical scales: regional, sub-regional and local. At present, single codes or models that have been incorporated are not new in general, but the modularity of the prototype, based on a user-friendly front end, offers potential users the possibility of updating or replacing any code or model if desired. The proposed procedure is a first attempt to integrate tools, codes and methods for assessing expected earthquake damage, and it was mainly designed to become a useful support for civil defense and land use planning agencies. Risk factors have been treated in the most suitable way for each one, in terms of level of detail, kind of parameters and units of measure. Identifying various geographical scales is not a mere question of dimension; since entities to be studied correspond to areas defined by administrative and geographical borders. The procedure was applied in the following areas: Toscana in Italy, for the regional scale, the Garfagnana area in Toscana, for the sub-regional scale, and a part of Barcelona city, Spain, for the local scale.
    Description: Published
    Description: 259-277
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earthquake hazard ; expert systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Valutazione della pericolosità sismica in alta Valtiberina (2020)
    Pàtron editore, Bologna
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: This study describes the assessment of probabilistic seismic hazard in Alta Valtiberina performed in the framework of a project funded by Regione dell'Umbria. Starting from the evaluation of the seismogenic potential, the analysis has been done first on the site of Città di Castello to determine the input ground motion, hence the same procedure was applied to the other test sites of the study area. The procedure adopted includes the evaluation of (5% damped) acceleration pseudo response spectra PSA and peak of acceleration PGA, corresponding to the 90% probability of being non-exceeded in 50 years (475 years return period). Finally, and only for the site of Città di Castello, input ground motion was determined using a stochastic finite fault technique based on geological and historical information available for the 1789 earthquake.
    Description: Published
    Description: 33-44
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: potenziale sismogenetico ; pericolosità sismica
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    A different intensity recording for reducing the uncertainty in its assessment: An application to the completeness analysis of earthquake catalogues (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-06
    Description: The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the consequences of the ordinal and qualitative nature of seismic intensity regarding its recording. The classical way of recording by an integer value implies that on many occasions it can be difficult to associate only one intensity degree to an event. Therefore, we propose to record the intensity in a new way so that the expert is no longer restricted to indicating only one value, but can express his belief that the considered event belongs to any one of the intensity classes in the scale. Following this approach, as an example, we study the completeness of the Sannio-Matese catalogue and show how the degree of completeness changes according to the degree of uncertainty in intensity assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47-58
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic intensity assessment ; completeness degree of a catalogue
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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