Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Preface -- Organization -- Table of Contents -- Learning Personal Specific Facial Dynamics for Face Recognition from Videos -- Introduction -- Extended Volume LBP Features (EVLBP) -- Learning EVLBP Features for Face Recognition -- Experimental Analysis -- Benchmark Methods -- Experimental Data -- Experimental Results and Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- A New Probabilistic Model for Recognizing Signs with Systematic Modulations -- Introduction -- Grammatical Processes in Signs -- Proposed Approach -- Modelling Signs with the Multichannel Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (MH-HMM) -- MH-HMM Training and Testing Procedure -- Experimental Results -- Sign Vocabulary and Sentences -- Data Measurement and Feature Extraction -- Training and Testing on a Single Component -- Testing on Combined Model -- Conclusions -- References -- Model-Based Stereo with Occlusions -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Background -- 3D Morphable Models for Faces -- Image Formation Model -- Robust Stereo Fitting of 3DMMs -- Joint Shape and Texture Stereo Fitting -- Handling Occlusion -- On Foreign Body Occlusions -- Optimization Procedure -- Experimental Results -- Accuracy in the Absence of Occlusions -- Accuracy with Occlusions -- Conclusions -- References -- View Invariant Head Recognition by Hybrid PCA Based Reconstruction -- Introduction -- Hybrid Principle Component Analysis -- Experimental Results for HPCA -- Shape from Shading Reconstruction -- Experimental Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Person-Independent Monocular Tracking of Face and Facial Actions with Multilinear Models -- Introduction -- Preliminary Construction of Multilinear Face Models -- Modeling Step: Estimation of Interpersonal Shape Variations -- Incremental Construction of the Bundle Adjustment Frame Set -- Error Minimization with Parameter Constraints. , Estimation Step: Estimation of Head Pose and Facial Actions -- Head Pose Estimation Using Particle Filter -- Finding True Feature Positions in Images -- Experimental Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Automatic Facial Expression Recognition Using Boosted Discriminatory Classifiers -- Introduction -- Background -- Methodology -- Overview -- Image Alignment -- Weak Classifiers -- Chamfer Image -- Learning -- N-Class Discriminatory Classifier -- Expression Classification -- Real Time Implementation -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Generating Body Surface Deformation Using Level Set Method -- Introduction -- Skeleton and Muscle -- Skeleton -- Skeletal Muscle -- Muscle Fiber Model -- Generating Body Surface That Covers the Skeletal Muscle -- Visualizing Muscle Deformation Based on Skeletal Motion -- Conclusions -- References -- Patch-Based Pose Inference with a Mixture of Density Estimators -- Introduction -- Previous Work -- Density from Image Patches -- Building a Patch Database -- Implicit Geometric Constraints -- Pose Density Estimate -- Feature Selection -- Adaboost-Like Learning -- Experimental Evaluation -- BioID Database -- Pointing'04 Database -- Articulated Pose -- Conclusion -- References -- Integrating Multiple Visual Cues for Robust Real-Time 3D Face Tracking -- Introduction -- Intensity- Versus Feature-Based Tracker -- Intensity-Based Tracker -- Feature-Based Tracker -- Comparison -- The Hybrid Tracker -- Integrating Multiple Visual Cues -- Efficient Solution -- Improving the Robustness -- Experiments -- Evaluation with Synthetic Sequences -- Evaluation with Real Sequences -- Infrared Sequences and Application -- Conclusions -- References -- Model-Assisted 3D Face Reconstruction from Video -- Introduction -- Previous Work -- Reconstruction Overview -- Model-Based Pose Estimation -- Tracking. , Model-Assisted Sparse Feature Matching -- View Selection -- Bundle Adjustment and Bundle Surface Extraction -- Model-Assisted Face Segmentation -- Skin Mask -- Highlight Removal -- View Angle Filtering -- Model-Free Dense Reconstruction -- Dense Feature Matching -- 3D from Disparity -- Outlier Rejection -- Meshing -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Human Perambulation as a Self Calibrating Biometric -- Introduction -- Theory -- Experimental Tests -- Markers and Limb Pose Extraction -- Gait Reconstruction -- Conclusion -- References -- Detecting, Localizing and Classifying Visual Traits from Arbitrary Viewpoints Using Probabilistic Local Feature Modeling -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Object Class Detection -- Visual Trait Classification: Gender from Faces -- Combined Detection, Localization and Trait Classification -- Classifying Visual Traits from Local Features -- Viewpoint-Invariant Appearance Modeling -- Visual Trait Classification -- Experimentation -- Locating, Detecting and Classifying from Arbitrary Viewpoints -- Identifying Visual Cues of Gender -- Locating, Detecting and Classifying from Frontal Views -- Discussion -- References -- Enhanced Local Texture Feature Sets for Face Recognition Under Difficult Lighting Conditions -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Local Ternary Patterns -- Local Binary Patterns (LBP) -- Local Ternary Patterns (LTP) -- Distance Transform Based Similarity Metric -- Illumination Normalization -- The Processing Sequence -- Robustness and Computation Time -- Experiments -- Experimental Settings -- Results on FRGC-104 -- Results on Extended Yale-B -- Results on the CMU PIE Database -- Conclusions -- References -- Structured Ordinal Features for Appearance-Based Object Representation -- Introduction -- Structured Ordinal Feature -- Ordinal Feature -- Structured Ordinal Feature. , Multi-scale Structured Ordinal Feature -- Dissimilarity Measure -- Statistical Learning for Object Recognition -- Experiments -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- SODA-Boosting and Its Application to Gender Recognition -- Introduction -- SODA-Boosting -- SODA: Second Order Discriminant Analysis -- The SODA-Boosting Algorithm -- Discussion -- Experiments -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Single Image Subspace for Face Recognition -- Introduction -- Related Work -- The SIS Approach -- Generating Synthesized Samples -- Building the Subspace -- Measuring Subspace Distance -- Accomplishing Face Recognition -- Experiments -- Database Description -- Experimental Settings -- One Training Sample Per Person -- Multiple Training Samples Per Person -- Influence of the Parameters -- Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- Human Face Processing with 1.5D Models -- Introduction -- Integral Projections and 1.5D Models -- Properties and Advantages -- Gaussian Projection Models -- Projection Alignment -- A 1.5D Face Model -- Human Face Detection -- Face Detection Using 1.5D Models -- Face Detection Results -- Facial Feature Location -- Face Feature Locator Using 1.5D Models -- Facial Feature Location Results -- Face Tracking -- Face Tracking with 1.5D Models -- Face Tracking Results -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Fusing Gabor and LBP Feature Sets for Kernel-Based Face Recognition -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Fusing Gabor and LBP Feature Sets for Kernel-Based Face Recognition -- Gabor Features Representation -- Local Binary Patterns -- Feature-Level Fusion with PCA -- Seeking Optimal Discriminant Subspace with Kernel Trick -- Face Recognition in the Optimal Discriminant Subspace -- Experiments -- Experimental Settings -- Results on FRGC-104 -- Results on FERET -- Results on FRGC-204 -- Conclusions -- References. , A Unified Framework of Subspace and Distance Metric Learning for Face Recognition -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Our Work -- The Purpose -- Bhattacharyya Coefficient Based Solution -- Experiments -- CMU-PIE Face Database -- Extended YALE Face Database -- Conclusions -- References -- Face Recognition Based on Pose-Variant Image Synthesis and Multi-level Multi-feature Fusion -- Introduction -- Overview of the Proposed Scheme -- Pose-Variant Face Image Synthesis -- Synthesis Framework -- Face Alignment -- Shape Reconstruction -- Texture Synthesis -- Pose Estimation -- Multi-level Multi-feature Fusion Method -- Fusion Framework -- Feature Extraction -- Selection of Fusion Mechanism -- Experiment Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Towards Pose-Invariant 2D Face Classification for Surveillance -- Introduction -- ASMs and AAMs -- Face Modelling -- Pose Estimation -- Frontal View Synthesis -- Direct Pose-Robust Features -- Bag-of-Features Approaches -- Feature Extraction and Illumination Normalisation -- Bag-of-Features with Direct Likelihood Evaluation -- Bag-of-Features with Histogram Matching -- Speedup Via Approximation -- Experiments -- Conclusions and Further Avenues -- References -- Robust Face Recognition Strategies Using Feed-Forward Architectures and Parts -- Introduction -- Feed-Forward Architectures -- Configural and Holistic Processing -- Adaptive and Robust Correlation Filters (ARCF) -- Transduction -- Boosting Using Strangeness -- Experimental Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Author Index.