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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier,
    Keywords: Molecular dynamics. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (375 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780128166161
    DDC: 541.394
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Molecular Dynamics Simulation -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of symbols -- Preface -- 1 Fundamentals of classical molecular dynamics simulation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Atomistic simulation -- 1.1.2 Molecular dynamics simulation -- 1.1.3 Applications of molecular dynamics simulation -- 1.1.4 Limitations of molecular dynamics simulation -- 1.2 Fundamentals of molecular dynamics simulation -- 1.2.1 Procedure -- 1.2.2 System initialization -- 1.2.3 Periodic boundary conditions -- 1.2.4 Energy minimization and structure optimization -- 1.2.5 Force calculation -- 1.2.6 Time integration algorithms -- 1.2.7 Neighbor list -- 1.2.8 Ensemble and statistical observables -- 1.2.9 Accuracy of MD simulation -- 1.3 Hardware and software for MD simulation -- References -- 2 Potential energy functions -- 2.1 The Born-Oppenheimer assumption -- 2.1.1 Construction of potential energy functions -- 2.1.2 Two-body potentials -- 2.1.3 Many-body potentials -- 2.2 Potential energy functions for different materials -- 2.2.1 Ionic materials -- 2.2.2 Metals -- 2.2.3 Covalent materials -- 2.2.4 Molecular systems -- References -- 3 Control techniques of molecular dynamics simulation -- 3.1 Types of constraints in molecular dynamics simulation -- 3.2 Thermodynamic ensembles -- 3.3 Temperature control -- 3.3.1 Thermostat based on simple velocity rescaling -- 3.3.2 Gaussian thermostat -- 3.3.3 Berendsen thermostat -- 3.3.4 Bussi-Donadio-Parrinello thermostat -- 3.3.5 Andersen thermostat -- 3.3.6 Langevin thermostat -- 3.3.7 Nosé-Hoover thermostat -- 3.3.8 Thermostat effects in equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations -- 3.3.9 Temperature control in nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations -- 3.4 Pressure control -- 3.4.1 Berendsen barostat -- 3.4.2 Andersen barostat -- 3.4.3 Parrinello-Rahman barostat. , 3.4.4 Martyna-Tuckerman-Tobias-Klein barostat -- 3.5 Boundary conditions -- 3.6 Rigid bond constraints -- References -- 4 Advanced ab initio molecular dynamics and coarse-grained molecular dynamics -- 4.1 Motivations for the development of advanced molecular dynamics simulation methods -- 4.2 Ab initio molecular dynamics -- 4.2.1 Quantum mechanics foundation of classical molecular dynamics -- 4.2.2 Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics -- 4.2.3 Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics -- 4.3 Coarse-grained molecular dynamics -- 4.3.1 Theoretical formulation -- 4.3.2 Iterative Boltzmann inversion method -- 4.3.3 Multiscale coarse-grained method -- 4.3.4 Relative entropy optimization method -- 4.3.5 Challenges -- References -- 5 Application of molecular dynamics simulation in mechanical problems -- 5.1 Role of molecular dynamics simulation in modeling the mechanical properties of materials -- 5.2 Tensile, compressive, and shear tests -- 5.2.1 Tensile tests -- 5.2.2 Compressive tests -- 5.2.3 Shear tests -- 5.3 Nanoindentation and nanoscratching tests -- 5.3.1 Nanoindentation tests -- 5.3.2 Nanoscratching tests -- 5.4 Tribological behaviors -- 5.4.1 Nanofriction -- 5.4.2 Nanowear -- 5.4.3 Nanolubrication -- 5.5 Interfacial effects in nanocomposites -- 5.5.1 Polymer-based nanocomposites -- 5.5.2 Metal-based nanocomposites -- 5.6 Defect effects -- References -- 6 Application of molecular dynamics simulation in thermal problems -- 6.1 Demand for understanding the thermal properties of nanomaterials -- 6.2 Molecular dynamics simulation methods for thermal conductivity calculation -- 6.2.1 Direct method -- 6.2.2 Green-Kubo method -- 6.3 Molecular dynamics simulation of interfacial thermal transport -- 6.3.1 Interfacial thermal transport models -- 6.3.2 Interfacial thermal transport of a silicene/graphene hybrid monolayer -- 6.3.2.1 Simulation model. , 6.3.2.2 Interfacial thermal conductance -- 6.3.2.3 Temperature effect -- 6.3.2.4 Strain effect -- 6.3.2.5 Heat flux effect -- 6.3.3 Interfacial thermal transport of a silicene/graphene hybrid bilayer -- 6.3.3.1 Simulation model -- 6.3.3.2 Interface thermal conductance -- 6.3.3.3 Temperature and interface coupling strength effects -- 6.3.3.4 GE hydrogenation effect -- 6.4 Thermal rectification effects -- References -- 7 Application of molecular dynamics simulation in mass transport problems -- 7.1 Fluids in nanoconfinement -- 7.1.1 Fluid-driven methods -- 7.1.1.1 Pressure-driven method -- 7.1.1.2 Temperature-gradient driven method -- 7.1.1.3 Electric-field driven method -- 7.1.1.4 Surface-wave driven method -- 7.1.2 Water flow in carbon nanotubes -- 7.1.3 Water flow in porous monolayer graphene -- 7.1.4 Water flow in multilayer graphene and graphene oxide membranes -- 7.2 Nanofiltration with porous thin films -- 7.2.1 Reverse osmosis process -- 7.2.2 Forward osmosis process -- 7.2.3 Capacitive deionization -- 7.3 Liquid-vapor phase transition -- 7.3.1 Droplet evaporation in a gaseous environment -- 7.3.2 Liquid evaporation on a substrate -- References -- 8 Application of molecular dynamics simulation in other problems -- 8.1 Reactive molecular dynamics simulations -- 8.1.1 ReaxFF force field -- 8.1.2 Application of ReaxFF in reactive MD simulations -- 8.2 Irradiation processes -- 8.3 Material crystallization -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Milton :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Keywords: Nanotubes. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (483 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781351123570
    Series Statement: Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Series
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Editor -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Modeling Mechanical Properties of Graphene-Based and Diamond-Like Nanostructures -- Chapter 2: Anharmonic Excitations in Graphene and Other 2-D Nanomaterials -- Chapter 3: Modeling Thermal Properties of Graphene and Graphene-Based Nanostructures -- Chapter 4: Modeling of Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoribbons -- Chapter 5: Amorphous Carbon-Based Films: Structures, Properties, and Applications -- Chapter 6: Carbon Nanomaterials for Tribological Applications -- Chapter 7: Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications -- Chapter 8: Carbon Nanomaterials for Sandwich-Type Energy-Storage Devices -- Chapter 9: Carbon Nanomaterials for In-Plane Energy-Storage Devices -- Chapter 10: Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion -- Chapter 11: Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Membranes for Seawater Desalination -- Index.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Optical materials. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (411 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783030593735
    Series Statement: Engineering Materials Series
    DDC: 621.381
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 Synthesis and Properties of MXenes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Synthetic Strategies -- 2.2.1 HF Etching -- 2.2.2 Etching with Fluoride Salts -- 2.2.3 Other Methods -- 2.2.4 Large-Scale Synthesis -- 2.3 Materials Format -- 2.3.1 MXenes with Multilayers -- 2.3.2 MXenes with Single- or Few-Layers -- 2.3.3 Liquid Crystal MXenes -- 2.4 Key Properties -- 2.4.1 Electrical Properties -- 2.4.2 Chemical Properties -- 2.4.3 Thermal Properties -- 2.4.4 Mechanical Properties -- 2.4.5 Optical Properties -- 2.4.6 Magnetic Properties -- 2.5 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives -- References -- 3 MXenes Based Composites and Hybrids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 MXene-Based Composites -- 3.3 MXenes-Based Hybrids -- 3.3.1 MXenes-Nanocarbons -- 3.3.2 MXenes-Metals -- 3.3.3 MXenes-Oxides -- 3.3.4 MXenes-Dichalcogenides -- 3.4 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 4 Energy Related Applications -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Energy Storage and Conversion -- 4.2.1 Ion Batteries -- 4.2.2 Supercapacitors -- 4.2.3 Water Splitting -- 4.2.4 Hydrogen Storage -- 4.3 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 5 Other Applications -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Environmental Remediating Agents -- 5.2.1 Adsorption of Heavy Metallic Ions -- 5.2.2 Removal of Organic Dyes -- 5.2.3 Elimination of Radionuclide Pollutants -- 5.2.4 Elimination of Gaseous Contaminants -- 5.2.5 Removal of Other Pollutants -- 5.2.6 Removal of Urea -- 5.3 Chemical/Biological Sensors -- 5.3.1 Electrochemical Sensors -- 5.3.2 Gas Sensors -- 5.3.3 Piezoelectric Sensors -- 5.3.4 Photoluminescence (PL) Sensors -- 5.3.5 Miscellaneous -- 5.4 Electrocatalytic Applications -- 5.5 EMI Shielding or Microwave Absorption -- 5.6 Transparent Conductive Films -- 5.7 Conclusions and Outlook -- References.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-12-02
    Description: Background: Plants may adapt to alpine habitats by specialization in the reproductive strategy and functional aspects of their flowers and pollination systems. Alpine habitats reduce the opportunities for cross-pollination in a relatively high proportion of alpine plant species, and self-pollination may be favored in these adverse conditions. Here, we investigated the mating system and pollination of Incarvillea mairei, a perennial Himalayan herb typically found at altitudes between 3000 and 4500 m. Results: Analyses of floral morphology, observation of plant-pollinator interactions, and hand pollination experiments were conducted in three natural populations. Outcrossing rates and effective numbers of pollen donors were assessed in 45 open-pollinated families by using progeny analysis based on seven microsatellite markers. Incarvillea mairei displayed a set of apparently specialized floral traits, the stigma is sensitive to touch and close immediately and its reopening allows a second opportunity for the receipt of pollen. The species is fully self-compatible but employs a predominantly outcrossing mating system according to parentage analysis (tm 〉 0.9). Fruit set was low (26.3%), whereas seed set was high (67.2%), indicating that this species suffers pollinator limitation. Its main effective pollinator was Halictus sp., and visitation frequency was low. Conclusions: Floral features such as having a sensitive stigma and anther-prongs, in conjunction with pollinator behavior, function together contributing to a set of unique reproductive adaptations that enhance outcrossing success. The increased floral longevity and high pollination efficiency operated as compensatory mechanisms to counteract low pollinator visitation frequency.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2229
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-06-25
    Description: Nature Reviews Cancer 16, 463 (2016). doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.49 Authors: Xiao Zhen Zhou & Kun Ping Lu Targeted drugs have changed cancer treatment but are often ineffective in the long term against solid tumours, largely because of the activation of heterogeneous oncogenic pathways. A central common signalling mechanism in many of these pathways is proline-directed phosphorylation, which is regulated by many kinases
    Print ISSN: 1474-175X
    Electronic ISSN: 1474-1768
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-12-22
    Description: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10479
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: More and more concerns have been arisen about the ability of new medical graduates to meet the demands of today’s practice environment. In this study, we wanted to develop a valid, reliable and standardized as...
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2415
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-07-17
    Description: An ultracompact polarization beam splitter (PBS) is designed on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform based on the localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excited by particular polarization light. The device uses nanoscale silver cylinders as the polarization selection between two silicon waveguides of a directional coupler. The transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization light excites localized surface plasmons and is coupled into the cross port of the directional coupler with a low insert loss, while the transverse-electric (TE) polarization light is under restriction. The PBS has a coupling layer with 50 nm width and 1.1 μm length supporting broadband operation. The simulation calculations show that 22.06dB and 23.06dB of extinction ratios for the TE and TM polarizations were obtained, together with insertion losses of 0.09dB and 0.40dB. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep02206
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-04-11
    Description: A new 4D fractional-order chaotic system, which has an infinite number of equilibrium points, is introduced. There is no-chaotic behavior for its corresponded integer-order system. We obtain that the largest Lyapunov exponent of this 4D fractional-order chaotic system is 0.8939 and yield the chaotic attractor. A chaotic synchronization scheme is presented for this 4D fractional-order chaotic system. Numerical simulations is verified the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-07-01
    Description: This study presents results from field surveys performed over various seasons in a large, eutrophic, shallow lake (Lake Taihu, China) using an in situ chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence sensor as a surrogate for other water quality parameters. These measurements identified highly significant empirical relationships between CDOM concentration measured using the in situ fluorescence sensor and CDOM absorption, fluorescence, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. CDOM concentration expressed in quinine sulfate equivalent units, was highly correlated with the CDOM absorption coefficient (r2 = 0.80, p 〈 0.001), fluorescence intensities (Ex./Em. 370/460 nm) (r2 = 0.91, p 〈 0.001), the fluorescence index (r2 = 0.88, p 〈 0.001) and the humification index (r2 = 0.78, p 〈 0.001), suggesting that CDOM concentration measured using the in situ fluorescence sensor could act as a substitute for the CDOM absorption coefficient and fluorescence measured in the laboratory. Similarly, CDOM concentration was highly correlated with DOC concentration (r2 = 0.68, p 〈 0.001), indicating that in situ CDOM fluorescence sensor measurements could be a proxy for DOC concentration. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between laboratory CDOM absorption coefficients and COD (r2 = 0.83, p 〈 0.001), TP (r2 = 0.82, p 〈 0.001) concentrations, suggesting a potential further application for the real-time monitoring of water quality using an in situ CDOM fluorescence sensor.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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