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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Careful definition and illustrative case studies are fundamental work in developing a Blue Economy. As blue research expands with the world increasingly understanding its importance, policy makers and research institutions worldwide concerned with ocean and coastal regions are demanding further and improved analysis of the Blue Economy. Particularly, in terms of the management connotation, data access, monitoring, and product development, countries are making decisions according to their own needs. As a consequence of this lack of consensus, further dialogue including this cases analysis of the blue economy is even more necessary. This paper consists of four chapters: (I) Understanding the concept of Blue Economy, (II) Defining Blue economy theoretical cases, (III) Introducing Blue economy application cases and (IV) Providing an outlook for the future. Chapters (II) and (III) summarizes all the case studies into nine aspects, each aiming to represent different aspects of the blue economy. This paper is a result of knowledge and experience collected from across the global ocean observing community, and is only made possible with encouragement, support and help of all members. Despite the blue economy being a relatively new concept, we have demonstrated our promising exploration in a number of areas. We put forward proposals for the development of the blue economy, including shouldering global responsibilities to protect marine ecological environment, strengthening international communication and sharing development achievements, and promoting the establishment of global blue partnerships. However, there is clearly much room for further development in terms of the scope and depth of our collective understanding and analysis.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018-06-23
    Description: Systematic design of superaerophobic nanotube-array electrode comprised of transition-metal sulfides for overall water splitting Systematic design of superaerophobic nanotube-array electrode comprised of transition-metal sulfides for overall water splitting, Published online: 22 June 2018; doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04888-0 Water splitting by nanostructured, abundant catalysts provides a renewable means to make carbon neutral fuels, but the ideal material morphology and composition remain uncertain. Here, the authors prepare superaerophobic, multi-metallic sulfide nanotube arrays as bifunctional water splitting catalysts.
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-10-25
    Description: By incorporating the chemotherapy into a previous model describing the interaction of the immune system with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), this paper proposes a novel HIV virus spread model with control variables. Our goal is to maximize the number of healthy cells and, meanwhile, to minimize the cost of chemotherapy. In this context, the existence of an optimal control is proved. Experimental results show that, under this model, the spread of HIV virus can be controlled effectively.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-04-11
    Description: Background: The recA/RAD51 gene family encodes a diverse set of recombinase proteins that affect homologous recombination, DNA-repair, and genome stability. The recA gene family is expressed across all three domains of life - Eubacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes - and even in some viruses. To date, efforts to resolve the deep evolutionary origins of this ancient protein family have been hindered by the high sequence divergence between paralogous groups (i.e. ~30% average pairwise identity). Results: Through large taxon sampling and the use of a phylogenetic algorithm designed for inferring evolutionary events in highly divergent paralogs, we obtained a robust, parsimonious and more refined phylogenetic history of the recA/RAD51 superfamily. Conclusions: In summary, our model for the evolution of recA/RAD51 family provides a better understanding of the ancient origin of recA proteins and the multiple events that lead to the diversification of recA homologs in eukaryotes, including the discovery of additional RAD51 sub-families.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2164
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-08-09
    Description: ABSTRACT Forcing mechanisms of heat content variations in the Yellow Sea (YS) are studied through analysis of a hindcast simulator for 1958-2007 using a two-way nested global - Northwest Pacific model. During the cooling season (September to February of next year), changes in heat content integrated over the YS are primarily caused by variations in latent and sensible heat fluxes at surface, which can be further related to variations of the East Asian Winter Monsoon and the Arctic Oscillation. The lateral heat transport by the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) contributes to heat content variation in the deep region. Variation of the YSWC can be related to wind variation over the YS. During the warming season (March to August), variation in the changes of heat content in the upper layer is primarily caused by variation in shortwave radiation at surface, which can be related to variation in the atmospheric pressure system of the Western Pacific Subtropical High that influences the YS in summer.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: Prediction Intervals (PIs) are commonly used to quantify the accuracy and precision of a forecast. However, traditional ways to construct PIs typically require strong assumptions about data distribution and involve a large computational burden. Here, we improve upon the recent proposed Lower Upper Bound Estimation (LUBE) method and extend it to a multi-objective framework. The proposed methods are demonstrated using a real-world flood forecasting case study for the upper Yangtze River Watershed. Results indicate that the proposed methods are able to efficiently construct appropriate PIs, while outperforming other methods including the widely used Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) approach.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: The surface-nitrided silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) floating gate nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices were fabricated by 0.13  μ m node CMOS technology. The surface-nitrided Si-NCs were formed in-situ by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and followed by nitridation treatment in NH 3 ambient. It is found that the nitridation treatment not only enhances the control effect of gate voltage on channel carriers by passivation of the Si-NCs surface defects but also suppresses releasing of the stored carriers among the neighboring Si-NCs and leakage from Si-NCs to channel through the tunneling oxide by a silicon nitride cover layer acted as potential barrier. Consequently, the storage carriers are fully discrete in the Si-NCs, which are different from that in the conventional poly-crystal Si or SONOS floating gate NVM devices. The surface-nitrided Si-NCs NVM devices show lower subthreshold swing value of 0.13 V/decade, faster P/E speed characteristics of 1  μ s at ±7 V, and good retention characteristics at room temperature. Furthermore, due to the improvement of the tunneling oxide quality by nitridation treatment, the stable memory window of 1.7 V has been kept after 10 7  P/E cycles, showing superior endurance characteristics with the good retention characteristics. Our fabrication of surface-nitrided Si-NCs floating gate NVM is compatible with the standard CMOS technology, which may be employed in the 3-D NAND technology to further improve the device performance.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-15
    Description: Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death driven by oxidative injury promoting lipid peroxidation, although detailed molecular regulators are largely unknown. Here, we show that heatshock 70-kDa protein 5 (HSPA5) negatively regulates ferroptosis in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Mechanistically, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) resulted in the induction of HSPA5, which in turn bound glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and protected against GPX4 protein degradation and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Importantly, the HSPA5–GPX4 pathway mediated ferroptosis resistance, limiting the anticancer activity of gemcitabine. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of the HSPA5–GPX4 pathway enhanced gemcitabine sensitivity by disinhibiting ferroptosis in vitro and in both subcutaneous and orthotopic animal models of PDAC. Collectively, these findings identify a novel role of HSPA5 in ferroptosis and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming gemcitabine resistance. Cancer Res; 77(8); 2064–77. ©2017 AACR.
    Print ISSN: 0008-5472
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-7445
    Topics: Medicine
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