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  • 1
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    Modeled uncertainties in marine N2O emissions with links to source files (52 MB, zipped) (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Zamora, Lauren M; Oschlies, Andreas (2014): Surface nitrification: a major uncertainty in marine N2O emissions. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(12), 4247-4253, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060556
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: The ocean is responsible for up to a third of total global nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, but uncertainties in emission rates of this potent greenhouse gas are high (〉100%). Here we use a marine biogeochemical model to assess six major uncertainties in estimates of N2O production, thereby providing guidance in how future studies may most effectively reduce uncertainties in current and future marine N2O emissions. Potential surface N2O production from nitrification causes the largest uncertainty in N2O emissions (estimated up to ~1.6 Tg N/yr, or 48% of modeled values), followed by the unknown oxygen concentration at which N2O production switches to N2O consumption (0.8 Tg N/yr, or 24% of modeled values). Other uncertainties are minor, cumulatively changing regional emissions by 〈15%. If production of N2O by surface nitrification could be ruled out in future studies, uncertainties in marine N2O emissions would be halved.
    Keywords: SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 52.6 MBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Oceanic nitrogen cycling and N2 O flux perturbations in the Anthropocene (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 31 (8). pp. 1236-1255.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: There is currently no consensus on how humans are affecting the marine nitrogen (N) cycle, which limits marine biological production and CO2 uptake. Anthropogenic changes in ocean warming, deoxygenation, and atmospheric N deposition can all individually affect the marine N cycle and the oceanic production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). However, the combined effect of these perturbations on marine N cycling, ocean productivity, and marine N2O production is poorly understood. Here we use an Earth system model of intermediate complexity to investigate the combined effects of estimated 21st century CO2 atmospheric forcing and atmospheric N deposition. Our simulations suggest that anthropogenic perturbations cause only a small imbalance to the N cycle relative to preindustrial conditions (∼+5 Tg N y−1 in 2100). More N loss from water column denitrification in expanded oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) is counteracted by less benthic denitrification, due to the stratification-induced reduction in organic matter export. The larger atmospheric N load is offset by reduced N inputs by marine N2 fixation. Our model predicts a decline in oceanic N2O emissions by 2100. This is induced by the decrease in organic matter export and associated N2O production and by the anthropogenically driven changes in ocean circulation and atmospheric N2O concentrations. After comprehensively accounting for a series of complex physical-biogeochemical interactions, this study suggests that N flux imbalances are limited by biogeochemical feedbacks that help stabilize the marine N inventory against anthropogenic changes. These findings support the hypothesis that strong negative feedbacks regulate the marine N inventory on centennial time scales.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2017GB005633
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and impacts on oceanic N2O fluxes in the northern Indian Ocean: The need for an integrated observation and modelling approach (2019)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 166 . pp. 104-113.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Anthropogenically-derived nitrogen input to the northern Indian Ocean has increased significantly in recent decades, based on both observational and model-derived estimates. This external nutrient source is supplied by atmospheric deposition and riverine fluxes, and has the potential to affect the vulnerable biogeochemical systems of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, influencing productivity and oceanic production of the greenhouse-gas nitrous-oxide (N 2 O). We summarize current estimates of this external nitrogen source to the northern Indian Ocean from observations and models, highlight implications for regional marine N 2 O emissions using model-based analyses, and make recommendations for measurement and model needs to improve current estimates and future predictions of this impact. Current observationally-derived estimates of deposition and riverine nitrogen inputs are limited by sparse measurements and uncertainties on accurate characterization of nitrogen species composition. Ocean model assessments of the impact of external nitrogen sources on regional marine N 2 O production in the northern Indian Ocean estimate potentially significant changes but also have large associated uncertainties. We recommend an integrated program of basin-wide measurements combined with high-resolution modeling and more detailed characterization of nitrogen-cycle process to address these uncertainties and improve current estimates and predictions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.03.007
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Model data documentation for Zamora and Oschlies (2014) “Surface nitrification: a major uncertainty in marine N2O emissions”, doi:10.1002/2014GL060556 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 5
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    Methods for the sampling and analysis of marine aerosols : results from the 2008 GEOTRACES aerosol intercalibration experiment (2014)
    Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 11 (2013): 62-78, doi:10.4319/lom.2013.11.62.
    Description: Atmospheric deposition of trace elements and isotopes (TEI) is an important source of trace metals to the open ocean, impacting TEI budgets and distributions, stimulating oceanic primary productivity, and influencing biological community structure and function. Thus, accurate sampling of aerosol TEIs is a vital component of ongoing GEOTRACES cruises, and standardized aerosol TEI sampling and analysis procedures allow the comparison of data from different sites and investigators. Here, we report the results of an aerosol analysis intercalibration study by seventeen laboratories for select GEOTRACES-relevant aerosol species (Al, Fe, Ti, V, Zn, Pb, Hg, NO3 , and SO42 ) for samples collected in September 2008. The collection equipment and filter substrates are appropriate for the GEOTRACES program, as evidenced by low blanks and detection limits relative to analyte concentrations. Analysis of bulk aerosol sample replicates were in better agreement when the processing protocol was constrained (± 9% RSD or better on replicate analyses by a single lab, n = 7) than when it was not (generally 20% RSD or worse among laboratories using different methodologies), suggesting that the observed variability was mainly due to methodological differences rather than sample heterogeneity. Much greater variability was observed for fractional solubility of aerosol trace elements and major anions, due to differing extraction methods. Accuracy is difficult to establish without an SRM representative of aerosols, and we are developing an SRM for this purpose. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for the GEOTRACES program to establish consistent and reliable procedures for the collection and analysis of aerosol samples.
    Description: This work was partially funded by the following sources: US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OCE- 0752832 (PLM, WML, and AM), National Science Council Taiwan grant 100-2628-M-001-008-MY4 (SCH), US NSF grant OCE-1137836 (AMA-I), United Kingdom Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) grant NE/H00548X/1 (AR Baker), Australian Government Cooperative Research Centres Programme (AR Bowie), US NSF grant OCE-0824304 (CSB and Adina Paytan), US NSF grants OCE-0825068 and OCE- 0728750 (SG and Robert Mason), US NSF grant OCE-0961038 (MGH), US NSF grant OCE-0752609 (MH and Christopher Measures), US NSF grant ATM-0839851 (AMJ), US NSF grant OCE-1031371 (CM), UK NERC grant NE/C001931/1 (MDP and Eric Achterberg), US NSF grant OCE-1132515 (GS and Carl Lamborg), US NSF grant OCE-0851462 (AV and Thomas Church), and US NSF grant OCE-0623189 (LMZ). This paper is part of the Intercalibration in Chemical Oceanography special issue of L&O Methods that was supported by funding from the US National Science Foundation, Chemical Oceanography Program (grant OCE-0927285 to Gregory Cutter).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 6
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    US SOLAS Science Report (2021)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: The Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) (http://www.solas-int.org/) is an international research initiative focused on understanding the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere that are critical elements of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Following the release of the SOLAS Decadal Science Plan (2015-2025) (Brévière et al., 2016), the Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Committee (OAIC) was formed as a subcommittee of the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Scientific Steering Committee to coordinate US SOLAS efforts and activities, facilitate interactions among atmospheric and ocean scientists, and strengthen US contributions to international SOLAS. In October 2019, with support from OCB, the OAIC convened an open community workshop, Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions: Scoping directions for new research with the goal of fostering new collaborations and identifying knowledge gaps and high-priority science questions to formulate a US SOLAS Science Plan. Based on presentations and discussions at the workshop, the OAIC and workshop participants have developed this US SOLAS Science Plan. The first part of the workshop and this Science Plan were purposefully designed around the five themes of the SOLAS Decadal Science Plan (2015-2025) (Brévière et al., 2016) to provide a common set of research priorities and ensure a more cohesive US contribution to international SOLAS.
    Description: This report was developed with federal support of NSF (OCE-1558412) and NASA (NNX17AB17G).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
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    PAPER (OA)
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