Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Author Biographies -- Preface -- Chapter 1 History of Light and Polarization -- 1.1 Early History of Light -- 1.2 History of Polarization -- 1.3 History of Polarization in Optical Fibers and Waveguides -- 1.3.1 The History of Optical Fiber -- 1.3.2 History of Polarization in Optical Fibers -- 1.3.3 Chronicles of Polarization Optics in Optical Fibers from 1959 to 1981 -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2 Polarization Basics -- 2.1 Introduction to Polarization -- 2.2 The Degenerate Polarization States of Light -- 2.3 The Polarization Ellipse of Light -- 2.4 Poincaré Sphere Presentation of Polarization -- 2.5 Degree of Polarization (DOP) -- 2.6 Birefringence -- 2.7 Photoelasticity or Photoelastic Effect -- 2.8 Dichroism, Diattenuation, and Polarization Dependent Loss -- 2.9 Polarization Properties of Reflected and Refracted Light -- 2.9.1 Reflection -- 2.9.2 Refraction -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3 Polarization Effects Unique to Optical Fiber Systems -- 3.1 Polarization Variation in Optical Fibers -- 3.2 Polarization Eigenmodes in a Single Mode Optical Fiber -- 3.3 Birefringence Contributions in Optical Fibers -- 3.3.1 Noncircular Core -- 3.3.2 Internal Lateral Stress -- 3.3.2.1 Elliptical Cladding -- 3.3.2.2 Circular Stress Rods -- 3.3.2.3 Bow‐Tie Shaped Stress Rods -- 3.3.3 External Lateral Stress -- 3.3.3.1 Fiber Between Parallel Plates -- 3.3.3.2 Fiber in an Angled V‐Groove -- 3.3.4 Fiber Bending -- 3.3.4.1 Pure‐Bend -- 3.3.4.2 Bending with Tension -- 3.3.4.3 Bending with a Kink -- 3.3.5 Fiber Twist -- 3.3.6 Electrical and Magnetic Fields -- 3.3.6.1 Axial Magnetic Field (The Faraday Effect) -- 3.3.6.2 Transversal Electrical Field -- 3.4 Polarization Impairments in Optical Fiber Systems -- 3.4.1 Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) -- 3.4.2 Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL). , 3.4.3 Polarization Dependent Gain (PDG) -- 3.4.4 Polarization Dependent Wavelength (PDW) -- 3.4.5 Polarization Dependent Modulation (PDM) -- 3.4.6 Polarization Dependent Responsivity (PDR) -- 3.5 Polarization Multiplexing -- 3.6 Polarization Issues Unique to Optic Fiber Sensing System -- 3.7 Polarization Issues Unique to Microwave Photonics Systems -- References -- Chapter 4 Mathematics for Polarization Analysis -- 4.1 Jones Vector Representation of Monochromatic Light -- 4.1.1 Jones Vector -- 4.1.2 Orthogonality of Jones Vectors -- 4.1.3 Linear Independence of Jones Vectors -- 4.2 Jones Matrix of Optical Devices -- 4.2.1 Jones Matrix of Optical Elements -- 4.2.1.1 Linear Retarder and Linear Partial Polarizer in Principal Coordinates -- 4.2.1.2 Ideal Retarder in Principal Coordinates -- 4.2.1.3 The Ideal Partial Polarizer in Principal Coordinates -- 4.2.1.4 Jones Matrix of a Rotator -- 4.2.1.5 Jones Matrix Transformation Between Two Reference Frames -- 4.2.2 Jones Matrix of Reflection -- 4.2.2.1 Law of Reflection -- 4.2.2.2 Snell's Law -- 4.2.2.3 Fresnel's Equations -- 4.2.3 Polarization Compensation of Reflection -- 4.2.4 Polarization Properties of Corner‐Cube Retroreflector -- 4.3 Jones Matrix of Multi‐element Optical Systems -- 4.3.1 Jones Equivalent Theorems -- 4.3.2 Properties of Optical System Containing Only Retarders and Rotators -- 4.3.2.1 A Variable Rotator Constructed with Three Retarders -- 4.3.2.2 A Variable Wave Plate Constructed with a Rotator Between Two Quarter‐Wave Plates -- 4.3.3 Eigenvector and Eigenvalue of an Optical System -- 4.3.3.1 The Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of Retardation Plate -- 4.3.3.2 The Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Unitary Matrix -- 4.3.3.3 Obtaining Jones Matrix from Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues -- 4.3.4 Transmission Properties of an Optical System Including Partial Polarizers. , 4.3.5 Experimental Measurement of Jones Matrix -- 4.3.6 Jones Calculus in Retracing Optical Path -- 4.3.6.1 Jones Matrix of a Double‐Pass Optical System with a Mirror -- 4.3.7 N‐Matrix and Polarization Evolution -- 4.3.7.1 Expression of M in Terms of N -- 4.3.7.2 Circular Retardation Plate -- 4.3.7.3 Linear Retardation Plate -- 4.3.7.4 Elliptical Retardation Plate -- 4.3.8 Jones Matrix of Twisted Fiber -- 4.4 Mueller Matrix Representation of Optical Devices -- 4.4.1 Definition of Mueller Matrix -- 4.4.2 Mueller Matrix of Optical Elements -- 4.4.2.1 Mueller Matrix of a Retarder with a Horizontal Fast‐Axis -- 4.4.2.2 Mueller Matrix of Rotator -- 4.4.2.3 Mueller Matrix of a Partial Polarizer -- 4.4.2.4 Mueller Matrix of Retardation Plate with Fast Axis at θ from the x‐Axis -- 4.4.2.5 Mueller Matrix of the Partial Polarizer with Fast Axis at θ from the x‐Axis -- 4.5 Polarization Evolution in Optical Fiber -- 4.5.1 Rotation Matrix Representation of the Unitary Optical System -- 4.5.2 Infinitesimal Rotation and Rotation Vector in Fiber -- 4.5.2.1 Infinitesimal Rotation and Rotation Vector -- 4.5.3 Birefringence Vector and Polarization Evolution Along with Fiber -- 4.5.3.1 Linear Birefringence -- 4.5.3.2 Circular Birefringence (Optical Activity) -- 4.5.3.3 Elliptical Birefringence (Optical Activity) -- 4.5.3.4 Elliptical Birefringence with Twist -- 4.5.4 PMD Vector and Polarization Evolution with Optical Frequency -- 4.5.4.1 Principal States of Polarization and PMD Vector -- 4.5.4.2 PMD Vector Concatenation Rules -- 4.6 Polarimetric Measurement of PMD -- 4.6.1 Poincaré Sphere Arc Method -- 4.6.2 Poincaré Sphere Analysis -- 4.6.3 Mueller Matrix Method -- 4.6.4 Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis -- 4.7 Polarization Properties of Quasi‐monochromatic Light -- 4.7.1 Analytic Signal Representation of Polychromatic Light -- 4.7.1.1 Quasi‐monochromatic Light. , 4.7.2 Coherency Matrix -- 4.7.2.1 Completely Unpolarized Light -- 4.7.2.2 Completely Polarized Light -- 4.7.2.3 Partially Polarized Light and Degree of Polarization -- 4.7.2.4 Coherency Matrix of the Superposition of Individual Waves -- 4.7.2.5 Superposition of Two Individual Waves with Mutually Orthogonal Polarizations -- 4.7.3 The Stokes Parameters of Quasi‐monochromatic Plane Wave -- 4.7.3.1 Completely Unpolarized Light -- 4.7.3.2 Completely Polarized Light -- 4.7.3.3 Partially Polarized Light -- 4.7.4 Depolarization of Polychromatic Plane Wave by Birefringence Media -- 4.7.4.1 Power Spectral Density -- 4.7.4.2 Polarization State of a Polychromatic Light After Passing Through a Birefringence Medium -- 4.7.4.3 Polychromatic Light with Rectangular Spectrum -- 4.7.4.4 Polychromatic Light with Gaussian or Lorentzian Spectrum -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5 Polarization Properties of Common Anisotropic Media -- 5.1 Plane Waves in Anisotropic Media -- 5.1.1 Dielectric Tensor and Its Symmetry -- 5.1.2 Plane Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media -- 5.1.2.1 Fresnel's Equation of Wave Normals -- 5.1.3 The Index Ellipsoid -- 5.2 Optical Properties of Anisotropic Crystals -- 5.2.1 Light Propagation in Uniaxial Crystals -- 5.2.1.1 Ordinary Ray -- 5.2.1.2 Extraordinary Ray -- 5.2.1.3 Optical Axis -- 5.2.2 Light Propagation in Biaxial Crystals -- 5.2.3 Double Refraction -- 5.2.4 Spatial Walk‐Off -- 5.2.5 Optical Activity -- 5.3 Electro‐optic Effect -- 5.3.1 General Description -- 5.3.2 Linear Electro‐optic Effect -- 5.3.2.1 Example: The Electro‐optic Effect in LiNbO3 -- 5.3.2.2 Case 1: Electric Field is Applied Along the z‐Axis -- 5.3.2.3 Case 2: Electric Field is Applied Along the x‐Axis -- 5.3.2.4 Case 3: Electric Field is Along the y‐Axis -- 5.4 The Photoelastic Effect in Isotropic Media. , 5.4.1 Birefringence and Strain‐Optical Tensor in Isotropic Material -- 5.4.2 Relationship Between Birefringence and Stress Tensor -- Reference -- Further Reading -- Chapter 6 Polarization Management Components and Devices -- 6.1 Polarization Management Fibers -- 6.1.1 Low Birefringence Fiber -- 6.1.2 Polarization Maintaining Fiber -- 6.1.3 Polarizing Fiber -- 6.1.4 Spun Fiber -- 6.2 Polarizers -- 6.2.1 Birefringence Crystal Polarizers -- 6.2.2 Sheet Polarizers -- 6.2.2.1 Film Polarizers -- 6.2.2.2 Glass Polarizers -- 6.2.3 Waveguide Polarizers -- 6.2.4 Other Types of Polarizers -- 6.3 Polarization Beam Splitters/Combiners -- 6.3.1 Birefringence Crystal PBS -- 6.3.1.1 PBS with Angular Separation -- 6.3.1.2 PBS with Lateral Separation -- 6.3.2 Thin Film Coating PBS -- 6.3.3 Fiber Pigtailed Polarizers and PBS -- 6.3.4 Waveguide PBS -- 6.4 Linear Birefringence Based Polarization Management Components -- 6.4.1 Wave Plates -- 6.4.2 Polarization Manipulation with a Quarter‐Wave Plate -- 6.4.2.1 Circular and Elliptical Polarizer -- 6.4.2.2 Anti‐reflection or Anti‐glare Film -- 6.4.3 Polarization Manipulation with a Half‐Wave Plate -- 6.5 Polarization Control with Linear Birefringence -- 6.5.1 Polarization Control with Multiple Wave Plates of Fixed Retardation but Variable Orientation -- 6.5.2 Polarization Controller with a Single Wave Plate of Variable Retardation and Orientation -- 6.5.3 Polarization Control with Multiple Wave Plates of Variable Retardation but Fixed Orientation -- 6.5.4 Polarization Controller with LiNbO3‐Based Integrated Optical Circuit (IOC) -- 6.5.5 Minimum‐Element Polarization Controllers -- 6.6 Polarization Control with Circular Birefringence -- 6.6.1 Magneto‐optic or Faraday Materials -- 6.6.2 Magneto‐optic Properties of Rare‐Earth Iron Garnet Films -- 6.6.2.1 Perpendicular Anisotropy Thick Films. , 6.6.2.2 Planar Anisotropy Thick Films.