Publication Date:
2023-10-12
Description:
Rising seawater temperature and CO2 concentrations (ocean acidification) represent two of the most influential factors impacting marine ecosystems in the face of global climate change. In ecological climate change research full-factorial experiments across seasons in multi-species, cross-trophic level set-ups are essential as they allow making realistic estimations about direct and indirect effects and the relative importance of both major environmental stressors on ecosystems. In benthic mesocosm experiments we tested the responses of coastal Baltic Sea Fucus vesiculosus communities to elevated seawater temperature and CO2 concentrations across four seasons of one year. While increasing [CO2] levels only had minor effects, warming had strong and persistent effects on grazers which affected the Fucus community differently depending on season. In late summer a temperature-driven collapse of grazers caused a cascading effect from the consumers to the foundation species resulting in overgrowth of Fucus thalli by epiphytes. In fall/ winter, outside the growing season of epiphytes, intensified grazing under warming resulted in a significant reduction of Fucus biomass. Thus, we confirm the prediction that future increasing water temperatures influence marine food-web processes by altering top-down control, but we also show that specific consequences for food-web structure depend on season. Since Fucus vesiculosus is the dominant habitat-forming brown algal system in the Baltic Sea, its potential decline under global warming implicates the loss of key functions and services such as provision of nutrient storage, substrate, food, shelter and nursery grounds for a diverse community of marine invertebrates and fish in Baltic Sea coastal waters.
Keywords:
Benthocosm_A1; Benthocosm_A2; Benthocosm_B1; Benthocosm_B2; Benthocosm_C1; Benthocosm_C2; Benthocosm_D1; Benthocosm_D2; Benthocosm_E1; Benthocosm_E2; Benthocosm_F1; Benthocosm_F2; BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Biomass, ash free dry mass; Biomass, ash free dry mass per individual; Biomass, dry mass; Biomass, wet mass; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; DATE/TIME; Event label; Experiment; Gammarus; Idotea; Kiel Fjord; Littorina littorea; Location; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Microepiphytes, biomass as carbon; Number of individuals; Sample code/label; Season; Treatment
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 1008 data points
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