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Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seiten 190-192

Note: High-Energy Astrophysics -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Contents -- Instabilities In Sn1987A And Other Supernovae -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE NICKEL BUBBLE -- THE LIGHT CURVE -- NONSPHERICAL MODELS -- SNIB AND DIFFUSION MASSES -- REFERENCES -- On The Evolution Of Pulsars -- REFERENCES -- The Spin Down Of The Radio Pulsars. Braking Index -- REFERENCES -- Axially Symmetrical Supernova Remnants -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SN 1006 AND G296.5 + 10.0 ARE TWO BEST EXAMPLES OF BARREL-LIKE SNRS -- NUMERICAL SCHEME AND INITIAL CONDITIONS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Neutron Starquake Model For Gamma-Ray Bursts -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- GAMMA RAY BURSTS FROM OLD NEUTRON STARS -- STRUCTURE OF YOUNG NEUTRON STAR CRUSTS -- SLOW ACCRETION AND CRUSTAL LOADING -- ELASTIC RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY AND STARQUAKES -- SEISMIC WAVES -- MAGNETOSPHERIC ALFVEN WAVES -- EMISSION OF GAMMA RAYS -- OBSERVATIONAL IMPLICATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The Shock Breakout In SN1987A Modelled With The Time-Dependent Radiative Transfer -- ABSTRACT -- REFERENCES -- Manifestations Of Dynamo Driven Large-Scale Magnetic Field In Accretion Disks Of Compact Objects -- ABSTRACT -- BIMODAL ACCRETION ON CYGNUS X-1 -- ASYMMETRIC DISK ACCRETION ONTO MAGNETIZED ROTATING COMPACT STARS -- REFERENCES -- Turbulization Of Shear Flows In Astrophysics -- INTRODUCTION -- LINEAR THEORY OF PERTURBATION -- QUALITATIVE SCENARIO OF TURBULIZATION -- REFERENCES -- Regular Variability Of The Shape Of The Primary Minimum Of The Orbital Light Curve Of Ss 433 With The Phase Of The… -- Chaotic Inflationary Universe And The Anisotropy Of The Large-Scale Structure -- INTRODUCTION -- FLUCTUATIONS ON THE INHOMOGENEOUS BACKGROUND -- PRIMORDIAL FLUCTUATIONS SPECTRUM -- CHAOTIC INFLATION -- ANISOTROPY OF THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. , REFERENCES -- The Cyclotron Absorption Line And Eclipse Transition Phenomena Of 4u 1538-52 -- ABSTRACT -- REFERENCES -- Radio Telescopes As The Detectors Of Super-High-Energy Neutrinos -- REFERENCES -- Optical Observations Of Active Galactic Nuclei -- ABSTRACT -- BASIC OBSERVATIONS AND THE STANDARD MODEL -- COMPLICATIONS TO THE STANDARD MODEL -- SPATIALLY VARIABLE IONIZATION PARAMETER -- Ultra-High And Intermediate Densities -- Anisotropic Ionizing Radiation -- LOW-LUMINOSITY SEYFERT 1 NUCLEI -- Searching For Broad H Emission -- A Seyfert 1 Nucleus In A Dwarf Sd Galaxy -- Warmers: A Different Point Of View -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- On Two-Dimensional Relativistic Stellar Winds -- REFERENCES -- Cluster Research With X-Ray Observations -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- X-RAY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION -- INTERPRETATION OF THE LUMINOSITY FUNCTION -- FUTURE SURVEYS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Observations of X-Ray Pulsars From The Kvant Module -- INTRODUCTION -- CRAB NEBULA PULSAR OBSERVATIONS -- HERCULES X-1 -- SMC X-1 -- CENTAURUS X-3 -- VELA X-1 -- A0535+26 -- REFERENCES -- Generation Of Ultrahigh-Energy Gamma Rays In Accreting X-Ray Pulsars -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MECHANISM OF THE CONVERSION OF GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY TO ULTRA-RELATIVISTIC PROTON ENERGY -- PROTON ACCELERATION TO ULTRARELATIVISTIC ENERGIES IN THE REGION OF THE "LOSS CONE" TYPE INSTABILITY GENERATION -- OBSERVATIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE PROPOSED MECHANISM -- REFERENCES -- Can A Man-Made Universe Be Achieved By Quantum Tunneling Without An Initial Singularity? -- ABSTRACT -- THE COSMIC COOKBOOK -- PROPERTIES OF THE FALSE VACUUM -- THE NEW INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE -- EVOLUTION OF A FALSE VACUUM BUBBLE -- CAN ONE IN PRINCIPLE CREATE AN INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE IN THE LABORATORY? -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- On The Origin Of The Diffuse X-Ray Background -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION. , DATA ANALYSIS -- What Is An IPC Count? -- Solar Scattered X-Rays -- Source Excision -- A Flat-Field Image For The Ipc -- A Determination Of The Cosmic Ray Particle Contamination In The Ipc -- THE SPECTRUM OF THE X-RAY BACKGROUND -- THE POINT SOURCE CONTRIBUTION -- THE ORIGIN OF THE X-RAY BACKGROUND -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Gravitational Lenses: The Current Sample, Recent Results, And Continuing Searches -- MICROLENSING: MEASURING THE MASS FUNCTION OF A GALAXY AND THE SIZE OF A QUASAR? -- DO COSMIC STRINGS EXIST? -- MASS-TO-LIGHT RATIO MEASUREMENTS IN GALAXIES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TIME HISTORIES -- ENERGY SPECTRA -- QUIESCENT COUNTERPART SEARCHES -- STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF GAMMA-BURSTERS -- THE SOFT GAMMA REPEATERS -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Georgian Space Research Program -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TELESCOPE-SPECTROMETER TAMARA (FIGURE 2) -- TELESCOPE-SPECTROMETER NINO (FIGURE 3) -- REFERENCES -- On The Nature Of Pulsar Radiation -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PULSE RADIATION MECHANISMS -- APPLICATION TO THE CENTRAL OBJECT IN SN1987A REMNANT -- REFERENCES -- Observing Sn 1987a With The International Ultraviolet Explorer -- INTRODUCTION -- OBSERVATIONS -- THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM TOWARDS SN 1987A -- CIRCUMSTELLAR MATTERS -- THE ULTRAVIOLET ECHO? -- FUTURE OBSERVATIONS OF SN 1987A -- REFERENCES -- Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in Low-Mass X-ray Binaries -- REFERENCES -- The Evolution Of The Gravitational Radiation From Stellar Components Of Galaxies -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE METHOD OF CALCULATION OF GW EVOLUTION -- RESULTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Close Binary Stars In Globular Clusters -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Searches For Evolved Globular Cluster Binaries -- An Eclipsing Blue Straggler In A Globular Cluster. , FAINT MAIN SEQUENCE BINARIES IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The Large-Scale Surface Brightness Distribution Of The X-Ray Background -- INTRODUCTION -- RECENT RESULTS ON "STRUCTURES" IN THE X-RAY BACKGROUND -- Heao-1 A-2 Capabilities -- Galactic Component -- The Great Attractor Region -- Superclusters -- OTHER STRUCTURES -- FUTURE WORK -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- X-Ray Emission From Active Galactic Nuclei -- INTRODUCTION -- THE FORM OF THE CONTINUUM -- E < -- 10 Kev -- The Continuum From 10-100 Kev -- X-RAY SPECTRAL FEATURES -- TIME VARIABILITY -- REFERENCES -- On The Observational Appearances Of A Freely Precessing Neutron Star In Hercules X-1 -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PERIOD DERIVATIVE OF THE PULSAR DUE TO FREE PRECESSION -- OPTICAL LIGHT CURVES HZ HER IN THE MODEL OF A FREELY PRECESSING NEUTRON STAR -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The PSR 2127+ 12 As An Indicator Of A Massive Black Hole In The Core Of Globular Cluster M 15 -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DYNAMICAL EFFECTS OF THE MEAN CORE POTENTIAL -- ACCELERATION IN A NEARBY STAR POTENTIAL -- OTHER SOURCES OF ABNORMAL TIMING -- i) Gravitational Lensing -- ii) The Neutron Star Precession -- PULSAR MOTION IN THE POTENTIAL OF COLLAPSED CORE -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The Formation And Evolution Of Domain Walls -- INTRODUCTION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- A Statistical Analysis Of Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected By The Konus Experiment On Venera 11 And 12 -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE V/VMAX TEST -- DERIVATION OF V/VMAX FROM THE KONUS DATA -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Extragalactic X-Ray Source Counts -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DERIVATION OF LUMINOSITY FUNCTION -- DERIVATION OF SOURCE COUNTS -- TWO COMPLETE X-RAY SAMPLES -- SOURCE COUNT PROGNOSIS -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES. , Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE IRAS SKY SURVEY -- THE LOCAL UNIVERSE IN THE INFRARED -- ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES -- COLLIDING GALAXIES FORMING QUASARS? -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The Peculiar Velocity Field Predicted From The Distribution Of Iras Galaxies -- ABSTRACT -- THE IRAS SAMPLE -- THE PREDICTED PECULIAR VELOCITY FIELD -- COMPARISON WITH THE OBSERVED PECULIAR VELOCITY DATA -- COMPARISON WITH N-BODY MODELS -- UNRESOLVED ISSUES, AND THE WORK AHEAD -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- X-Ray Radiation From Supernova 1987a The Results Of The Kvant Module In 1987-1989 -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MIXING OF RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS IN THE EXPANDING ENVELOPE -- ABUNDANCE OF 57CO -- LIMITS ON THE STELLAR REMNANT LUMINOSITY -- TTM/COMIS UPPER LIMITS ON THE FLUX FROM SN1987A -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Basic Physics And Cosmology From Pulsar Timing Data -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TESTING RELATIVITY WITH PSR 1913+16 -- THE COSMIC GRAVITATIONAL WAVE BACKGROUND -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Gas Flow And Generation Of X-Ray Emission In Wr + Ob Binaries -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CLASSIFICATION OF THE GAS FLOW IN WR+OB BINARIES -- COLLISION OF WR STELLAR WIND WITH OB STAR SURFACE -- COLLISION OF SUPERSONIC WINDS -- INTERPRETATION OF THE V 444 CYGNI X-RAY EMISSION -- REFERENCES -- Hydrodynamic Study Of Supernova 1987a: The Phase Of A Wave Of Cooling And Recombination -- ABSTRACT -- REFERENCES -- Appendix List Of Workshop Presentations.

Note: FRONT COVER -- DYNAMIC AQUARIA: BUILDING AND RESTORING LIVING ECOSYSTEMS -- COPYRIGHT PAGE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DEDICATION -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction -- The Origin of Life: Microcosm Earth -- Microcosms and Mesocosms of Aquatic Ecosystems -- Restoration of Damaged Ecological Systems -- Summary -- Taxonomic Notes -- References -- PART I: PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT -- CHAPTER 2 The Envelope: Physical Parameters and Energy State -- Temperature -- Water Motion -- Tides: Simulating the Effects of Sun and Moon -- References -- CHAPTER 3 Substrate: The Active Role of Rock, Mud, and Sand -- The Solid Earth and Life -- Chemical Relationships Between Rocks, Sea Water, and Organisms -- The Solid Earth, Rock, and Model Ecosystems -- Sediments and Model Ecosystems -- Geological Storage -- References -- CHAPTER 4 Water Composition: Management of Salinity, Hardness, and Evaporation -- Water Structure and Characteristics -- Ocean Salinity -- Hardness of Fresh Waters -- Water and Model Ecosystems -- Algal Scrubbing and Water Composition -- Marine Microcosms and Aquaria -- Quality of Top-up Water -- References -- CHAPTER 5 The Input of Solar Energy: Lighting Requirements -- Photosynthesis and Its Origin -- Solar Radiation and Water -- Light Absorption by Water Plants -- Light Intensity and Plants -- Photorespiration -- Light and Model Ecosystems -- Light and Physiological Considerations -- Summary -- References -- CHAPTER 6 The Input of Organic Energy: Particulates and Feeding -- Particulates, Energy Supply, and Aquatic Ecosystems -- Inorganic Particulates -- Organic Particulates -- Humic Substance -- Particulates and Aquatic Models -- Biofilms -- Particulate Import in Aquatic Models -- Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration -- References -- PART II: BIOCHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT -- CHAPTER 7 Metabolism: Respiration, Photosynthesis, and Biological Loading. , Metabolism -- Respiration -- Bacterial Metabolism -- Photosynthesis -- Biological Loading -- References -- CHAPTER 8 Organisms and Gas Exchange: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, pH, and Alkalinity -- Oxygen Exchange -- Oxygen, Model Ecosystems, and Ecosystem Restoration -- Carbon Dioxide Exchange -- Carbon Dioxide and Global Aquatic Restoration -- Managing Carbon Dioxide and pH in Microcosms and Mesocosms -- Gas Exchange and Selected Model Ecosystems -- References -- CHAPTER 9 The Primary Nutrients - Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Silica: Limitation and Eutrophication -- Nutrients in Natural Waters -- Eutrophication and Hypereutrophication of Natural Waters -- Nutrients and Model Ecosystems -- Summary -- References -- CHAPTER 10 Biomineralization and Calcification: A Key to Biosphere and Ecosystem Function -- The Process of Biomineralization -- The Carbonate System and the Formation of Calcite and Aragonite -- Halimeda: Photosynthesis-Induced Calcification -- Calcification in Stony Corals -- Calcification, Stony Corals, Coral Reefs, and Global Warming -- Calcification in Mesocosms and Aquaria -- Coral Reef Aquaria and Stony Coral Calcification -- References -- CHAPTER 11 Control of the Biochemical Environment: Filters, Bacteria, and the Algal Turf Scrubber -- Sterilization Methods -- Bacteriological Filtration -- Reef Systems -- Denitrification -- Foam Fractionation (Protein Skimming) -- Photosynthetic Methods -- Algal Turfs -- The Algal Turf Scrubber (ATS™) -- Algal Scrubbers and the Modeling of Ecosystems -- Summary -- References -- PART III: BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE -- CHAPTER 12 Community Structure: Biodiversity in Model Ecosystems -- The Framework of Biodiversity -- The Community -- The Biome -- Features of Communities -- The Magnitude of Biodiversity -- Community Structure and Ecological Models -- Scaling and Reproduction -- Model Diversity -- Summary. , References -- CHAPTER 13 Trophic Structure: Ecosystems and the Dynamics of Food Chains -- Energy Capture and Flow -- Food Webs -- Food Webs in Model Ecosystems -- Establishment of Food Webs -- Trophic Structure in Aquaria -- The Organisms -- References -- CHAPTER 14 Primary Producers: Plants That Grow on the Bottom -- Benthic Algae -- Algae in Model Ecosystems -- Submerged Aquatic Vegetation -- Marine SAV and Model Ecosystems -- Freshwater SAV and Model Ecosystems -- Emergent Aquatic Vegetation -- EAV and Model Ecosystems -- Plant Communities and the Restoration of Wild Ecosystems -- References -- CHAPTER 15 Herbivores: Predators of Plants and Omnivores, Predators of Plants and Animals -- Types of Herbivores -- Plant Defenses -- Modifications of Marine and Freshwater Herbivores -- Herbivores and Model Ecosystems -- References -- CHAPTER 16 Carnivores: Predators of Animals -- The Carnivore Predator -- The Prey -- The Dynamics of Predation -- Marine and Freshwater Predators -- Predators and Synthetic Ecosystems -- References -- CHAPTER 17 Plankton and Planktivores: Floating Plants and Animals and Their Predators -- Plankton Size and Composition -- The Bacteria -- Phytoplankton -- The Planktonic Food Web -- Mechanisms of Filter Feeding -- Plankton, Particulates, and Model Ecosystems -- Wild Ecosystem Restoration -- References -- CHAPTER 18 Detritus and Detritivores: The Dynamics of Muddy Bottoms -- The Deep Ocean -- Bacteria -- Fungi -- Protozoa -- Meiobenthos: Protozoans -- Meiofauna: The Multicellular Invertebrates -- Macrobenthos -- Deposit Feeding in Saltwater Soft Bottoms -- Deposit Feeding in Freshwater Soft Bottoms -- Carnivores and the Detritivore Community -- Detritus and Its Role in Model Ecosystems -- References -- CHAPTER 19 Symbionts and Other Feeders -- Zooxanthellae and Their Animal Hosts -- Biology and Ecology of Corals. , The Positive Feedback Loop between Photosynthesis and Calcification -- Anthozoans and Microcosms, Mesocosms, and Aquaria -- Parasitism -- Environment, General Health, and Disease -- Biodiversity -- Quarantine (Prevention of Transmission) -- Disease Treatment in Model Ecosystems -- References -- PART IV: ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN MICROCOSMS, MESOCOSMS, AND AQUARIA -- CHAPTER 20 Models of Coral Reef Ecosystems -- Modeling Coral Reef Ecosystems -- Caribbean Coral Reef Microcosm at the Museum of Natural History -- Coral Reef Microcosm at the Smithsonian Marine Station -- Great Barrier Reef Mesocosm -- A 130-Gallon Reef Microcosm -- Summary -- References -- CHAPTER 21 A Subarctic/Boreal Microcosm: Test of a Biogeographic Model -- The Rocky, Embayed Coast of the Northwestern Atlantic Geological History -- The Gulf of Maine -- The Core Subarctic -- Core Subarctic vs Mixed Subarctic/Boreal -- A Maine Shore Microcosm -- An Opportunity to Test Biogeographic Theory -- References -- CHAPTER 22 Estuaries: Ecosystem Modeling and Restoration -- Where Fresh and Salt Waters Interact -- Chesapeake Bay in Mesocosm -- A Florida Estuary in Mesocosm -- Nutrient Dynamics in Estuarine Models -- Estuarine Restoration -- References -- CHAPTER 23 Freshwater Ecosystem Models -- A Florida Everglades Stream and Wetland -- A Blackwater Home Aquarium -- Restoration of Freshwater Ecosystems -- References -- PART V: THE ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING -- CHAPTER 24 Organisms and Natural Products: Commercial Ecosystem Culture -- The Aquarium World -- Pharmaceutical Culture -- References -- CHAPTER 25 Large Scale: Water Quality Management with Solar Energy Capture -- The Quality of US Surface and Ground Waters -- Nutrient Removal from Domestic Wastewaters -- Nutrient Removal from Agricultural Wastewaters (Nonpoint Source) -- Nutrient Removal from Rivers. , Bioenergy and Solar Energy Recovery Using ATS Systems -- Aquacultural Wastewaters -- Industrial Wastewaters and ATS Systems -- References -- PART VI: SUMMARY -- CHAPTER 26 Microcosms, Mesocosms, and Macrocosms: Building and Restoring Ecosystems, a Synthesis -- Principles of Ecological Modeling -- Ecosystems in Home Aquaria -- Applied Model Ecosystems -- References -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z -- COLOR PLATES.