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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY :Springer,
    Keywords: Ecosystem management. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (478 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781461219088
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    East Lansing :Michigan State University Press,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (466 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781609176334
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acronyms -- Chapter I. Indigenous Knowledge Framework and the Medicine Wheel -- 1.1 Bighorn Medicine Wheel Story -- 1.2 The Medicine Wheel: Non-linear Knowledge-forming Process -- Chapter II. What Is Needed to be a "Leader without Borders"? -- 2.1 My People's 9,400 Year Ancestral History -- 2.2 Becoming a "Leader without Borders": Interview of Dr. Mike Marchand -- Chapter III. How Do You Become "Cultured"? -- 3.1 Western European Culture: You Live it, You Wear it and You Eat it -- 3.2 Culture According to Indigenous People -- 3.3 Keeping Deep Culture in Two Worlds: Interview of Dr. Mike Tulee -- 3.4 Culture Defined by Nation-Level Melting Pots -- 3.5 Tribal Peoples' Cultural Context: Interview of JD Tovey -- 3.6 Cultural Foods and Food Security -- 3.7 Holistic Nature Knowledge not Decoupled from Nature and Religion -- 3.8 Languages and Indigenous People -- 3.9 What Is Your Real Name? Dr. Mike's Wolverine Encounter -- 3.10 Sports and Games Invented by American Indians -- Chapter IV. Western Science ≠ Indigenous Forms of Knowledge -- 4.1 Knowledge-forming Processes: Western Science ≠ Indigenous Ways of Knowing -- 4.2 How Knowledge Frameworks Address Scarcity of Land or Lack of Knowledge -- 4.3 The Challenge of Culture for Western Scientists -- 4.4 Traditional Knowledge: Native Ways of Knowing -- 4.5 Juxtaposition of Western and Traditional Knowledge -- 4.6 Who Are Trusted for Their Science Knowledge? -- 4.7 Women's Role in Passing Indigenous Knowledge Inter-Generationally: Interview of JD Tovey -- 4.8 Role of Environmental Economics in Environmental Justice -- Chapter V. Forestry Lens: Culture-based Planning and Dealing with Climate Change -- 5.1 PNW U.S. Tribes and Leadership in Climate Change Planning -- 5.2 Tribes, Tribal Resources and Forest Losses. , 5.3 Today Better Forest Management on Tribal Lands Compared to Their Neighbors -- 5.4 Realities in Developing Resources on Reservations -- Chapter VI. Tribes, State and Federal Agencies: Leadership and Knowledge Sharing Dynamics -- 6.1 Tribal/Federal/State Cultural Resource Policy -- 6.2 Tribes and Washington State -- 6.3 Alaska Natives, Conservation and Policy Process -- 6.4 Federal Agency and Tribes: Continuing Challenges to Tribal Rights -- 6.5 Inter-Tribal Collaborations: Increase Tribal Role in Natural Resource Planning -- 6.6 Intra- and Inter-Governmental Affairs and Public Policy Process -- Chapter VII. Native People's Knowledge-Forming Approaches Needed for Nature Literacy to Emerge among Citizens -- 7.1 Why We Need New Education Tool for Nature Literacy for the Masses -- 7.2 Massive Amounts of Fragmented Data in STEM Sciences -- 7.3 Critical Analysis Lacking in Environmental Education -- 7.4 Native People's Storytelling Practices to Communicate Holistic Science -- Chapter VIII. Learning Indigenous People's Way to Tell Circular Stories -- 8.1 Technology to Digitize Stories Part of Popular Culture -- 8.2 Digital Technologies Part of Popular Culture -- 8.3 Challenges in Communicating and Telling Circular Stories -- 8.4 Digitizing Native Stories without Pickling Culture: Interview of JD Tovey -- 8.5 Stories in Navajo Lands -- Chapter IX. Medicine Wheel: Moving beyond Nature, People and Business Stereotypes -- 9.1 When I Was a Young Boy -- 9.2 Communicating Indigenous Knowledge to the Masses -- 9.3 Medicine Wheel and Not Case Studies -- 9.4 "Fictional Tribe" as an Educational Tool to Teach How to Form Holistic Knowledge -- References -- Authors -- Contributing Authors -- Index.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Keywords: Environmental change. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Food, water and energy form some of the basic elements of sustainability considerations. This ground-breaking book examines and decodes these elements, exploring how a range of countries make decisions regarding their energy and bio-resource consumption and procurement. The authors consider how these choices impact not only the societies and environments of those countries, but the world in general. To achieve this, the authors review the merits of various sustainability and environmental metrics, and then apply these to 34 countries that are ranked low, medium or high on the human development index. The book assesses their resource capacities and the environmental impacts, both within and outside their country boundaries, from consuming food, water, and energy. The final section uses the lessons derived from the earlier analyses of resource consumption to explore the importance of geography, climates and sustainable management of forests and other natural resources for building resilient societies in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (329 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781849776653
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Sustainability Unpacked Food, Energy and Water for Resilient Environments and Societies -- Copyright -- Contents -- Authors and Contributors -- Preface -- List of Figures and Tables -- Part 1: From the Beginning -- 1. Sustainability - Clues for Positive Societal and Ecosystem Change -- Defining Sustainability -- Why Sustainability Needs to be Unpacked -- Decoding Our Current Perceptions of Sustainability and Is There a Right Model? -- Large Datasets and Moving Beyond Irrational Human Choices -- Using Human Development Ranking to Understand Large Datasets -- 2. Learning From the PAST:Why Societies Collapsed or Survived -- Why People Live Where They Do -- Where is it easier for humans to live within their footprints? -- Where is it difficult for humans to live within their footprints? -- Industrialization Fuelled by Carbon -- A history of how society became dependent on 'artificial' products made from fossil carbon -- Agrarian societies are dependent on renewable carbon -- The 'carbonization' of society and the importance of coal -- Oil made our 'synthetic' world possible -- The Norm:Transboundary Consumption of Someone Else's Resources -- Human History: A Search for Food Security -- Food and social status -- Food preservation for food security -- Restaurants and our perceptions of food security -- A Long Human History of Poor Health -- Accidental Reductions in Human Resource Uses -- Part 2: Scientific Approach to Decoding Sustainability -- 3. TODAY: Decoding Country Resource Stories -- Indices and How they Characterize Sustainable Choices -- Indices rank environmental/ecological metrics well -- Human and resource capital disconnect -- Indices and Advanced-Economy Countries -- Indices and Emerging-Economy Countries -- Indices and Growing-Economy Countries -- Lessons Learnt From Indices -- Part 3: The Real Country Stories. , 4. Fossil Energy Endowments and Externalities -- CO2 Emissions Link to Energy -- CO2 emissions and total fossil fuel consumption -- CO2 emissions and gasoline consumption -- Societies and Fossil Energy Options -- Diverse fossil energy portfolios the norm -- Energy security after becoming a net importer of oil -- Energy Production Is Water Demanding -- 5. Forests - The Backbone and Circulatory System for Human Societies -- Where do you Find Forests Today? -- Energy Choices and Satisfying Human Survival Needs -- Forests and Fossil Energies: Incompatible in a Conservation and Sustainable Development World? -- CO2 Emissions, Land Use Changes and Forest Sequestration of Carbon -- Liquid Fuels from Forests to Mitigate CO2 Emissions -- Environmental challenges to biofuels -- Forest energy and sustainability from distributed energy production -- Forest Uses have Negative Environmental Repercussions Elsewhere -- 6. The Soil and Water Connection to Food: Adapt, Mitigate or Die -- What Constrains Local Food Production? -- Soil chemistry - sets the threshold for food production -- Severely degraded lands and food production -- Water Security and Soils -- Part 4: Climate and Soils: Unavoidable Constraints to Solar Capital -- 7. The FUTURE: Climate Change as a Global Driver Impacting Sustainability -- Why People Migrate: Geography and Climate Influences on Humans -- Past human responses to changing climates: Become a foreigner -- Climate Change and Humans -- Climate change and social dysfunctions -- Climate change and human health -- Water and Resources -- Water supplies and human development -- Droughts and bio-resource securities -- Water and electricity production -- 8. WHERE the PAST and FUTURE Meet: Soils or the Unseen Earth That Nurtures Societies -- Soil Management Essential for Human Development -- Soils Are Not Equally Good for Food Production. , Soils are quite diverse and only some are good for growing crops -- Good soils, good crops and good food security -- Soil Degradation and Food Security -- Soil degradation and global soils -- Linking soil degradation to societal sustainability -- Your Health Is Dictated by Where Your Food Is Grown -- Nutrient deficiencies in food and human health problems -- Human health, agriculture and nutrient deficiencies: the soil connection -- Wildlife and nutrient deficiencies: eating soils -- Forests Buffer Societies Living on Nutrient-Poor Soils -- Forests grow well on poor soils -- Trees are better adapted than humans to the environment and climates -- 9. The Ultimate Constraint to Human Sustainability: Solar Income -- Productive Capacity Potentials and Human Survival -- Solar Income Equates to Sustainable Choices -- Losses From and Unavailable Solar Income: A Forest Lens -- Is Local Food Production Sustainable? The Solar Income Factor -- Part 5: Societies Adapt to a Quagmire of Resource Choices -- 10. Debunking Sustainability Myths -- Temperature and Where You Live Do Matter -- Do High Population Densities Equate to Unsustainable Choices? -- Rural Landscapes: Rich in Resources and Rich People? -- Is it Realistic to Expect a Low Carbon-use World to Reduce CO2 Emissions? -- Economic development and fossil carbon -- The carbon backbone of society -- Food Security Solution: Do We Need Another Green Revolution? -- 11. Portfolio for Managing Natural and Human Capital -- Developing Human Capital -- Communication technologies -- Make the whole society adaptable: Educate females -- Being Adaptive Means Being Global and Importing Bio-resources -- Agriculture and forests: important import products -- A diverse fossil fuel importation imperative for development -- Valuing Labour as a Resource -- 12. Sustainable Ecosystems: Investments in Human and Natural Capital. , Cell Matrix of Resource Endowments and Human Adaptability -- Agricultural land endowment and social resilience -- Oil endowment and social resilience -- Forest and woodland endowment and social resilience -- Water endowment and social resilience -- Climate and soil constraints to natural and social capital -- The Fulcrum of Sustainability -- Climate change mitigation -- Importing resources -- Final Thoughts on Sustainability Unpacked -- Index.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sporocarps and sclerotia were collected for a one-year period in 23- and 180-year-old Abies amabilis stands in western Washington. All sporocarps were classified and chemically analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na and Fe. Lactarius sp. and Cortinarius sp. contributed the largest proportion of the total annual epigeous sporocarp production in both stands. Annual epigeous production was 34 kg/ha in the young stand and 27 kg/ha in the mature stand. Hypogeous sporocarp production increased from 1 kg ha-1 yr-1 to 380 kg ha-1 yr-1 with increasing stand age. High sclerotia biomass occurred in the young (2,300 kg/ha) and mature (3,000 kg/ha) stands. Peak sclerotia and epigeous sporocarp biomass in the young stand and epigeous and hypogeous sporocarp biomass in the mature stand coincided with the fall peak of mycorrhizal root biomass. In the young stand, sporocarps produced by decomposer fungi concentrated higher levels of Ca and Mn than those produced by mycorrhizal fungi. In the mature stand, sporocarps of decomposer fungi concentrated higher levels of N, P, Mn, Ca and Fe than sporocarps of mycorrhizal fungi. Epigeous and hypogeous sporocarps concentrated higher levels of N, P, and K than sclerotia or mycelium. The highest concentration of N (4.36%), P (0.76%), K (3.22%) and Na (1,678 ppm) occurred in epigeous sporocarps. Highest Mn (740 ppm) and Ca (20,600 ppm) concentrations occurred in mycelium, while highest Mg (1,929 ppm) concentrations were in hypogeous sporocarps and highest Fe (4,153 ppm) concentrations were in sclerotia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 168-169 (1995), S. 113-123 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminum ; coarse wood ; belowground gaps ; nutrients ; tropical and temperate forests ; roots ; soil horizons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ecosystem sustainability and resilience after a disturbance may be regulated by processes occurring at smaller spatial scales. The matrix of different spatial environments are created by (1) individual plants that accumulate higher concentrations of specific nutrients, trace elements or defensive plant secondary chemicals and thereby modify the chemistry of their ecological space and/or rates of processes, (2) the presence of structures (e.g., coarse woody debris) that may buffer some micro-environments from disturbances by functioning as a hospitable environment or as a reservoir for mycorrhizal fungi to sustain them into the next phase of stand development, and (3) chemical changes in soils during soil development which may result in distinct soil chemical environments. The response of the plants or change in the sustainability of carbon and nutrient cycles may be expressed more strongly at this smaller ecological space of an individual plant and furthermore must be frequently examined separately by the above- and belowground space of that individual. This paper will present three case studies from temperate and tropical forest ecosystems which suggest the importance of studying plant growth and nutrient and trace element cycling by stratifying sampling to encompass the mosaic patterns of existing spatial variability within the ecosystem. The examples show how individual plant species are able to create ecologically distinct spatial environments because of their distribution patterns within the landscape, how nutrient transfers in roots respond to the chemical variations in the soil, and how roots and mycorrhizal fungi are able to maintain themselves in the mosaic of coarse woody debris remaining on a site after the elimination of aboveground tree biomass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: above- and belowground biomass and production ; above- and belowground litter transfers ; boreal forests ; climatic variables ; cold and warm temperate forests ; forest floor accumulations ; nutrients ; soil organic matter ; subtropical and tropical forests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Patterns of both above- and belowground biomass and production were evaluated using published information from 200 individual data-sets. Data sets were comprised of the following types of information: organic matter storage in living and dead biomass (e.g. surface organic horizons and soil organic matter accumulations), above- and belowground net primary production (NPP) and biomass, litter transfers, climatic data (i.e. precipitation and temperature), and nutrient storage (N, P, Ca, K) in above- and belowground biomass, soil organic matter and litter transfers. Forests were grouped by climate, foliage life-span, species and soil order. Several climatic and nutrient variables were regressed against fine root biomass or net primary production to determine what variables were most useful in predicting their dynamics. There were no significant or consistent patterns for above- and belowground biomass accumulation or NPP change across the different climatic forest types and by soil order. Similarly, there were no consistent patterns of soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation by climatic forest type but SOM varied significantly by soil order—the chemistry of the soil was more important in determining the amount of organic matter accumulation than climate. Soil orders which were high in aluminum, iron, and clay (e.g. Ultisols, Oxisols) had high total living and dead organic matter accumulations-especially in the cold temperate zone and in the tropics. Climatic variables and nutrient storage pools (i.e. in the forest floor) successfully predicted fine root NPP but not fine root biomass which was better predicted by nutrients in litterfall. The importance of grouping information by species based on their adaptive strategies for water and nutrient-use is suggested by the data. Some species groups did not appear to be sensitive to large changes in either climatic or nutrient variables while for others these variables explained a large proportion of the variation in fine root biomass and/or NPP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: decomposition ; fine roots ; lignin ; litterbags ; nitrogen ; polyphenols ; substrate quality ; trees ; tropical montane rain forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Decomposition rates, initial chemical composition, and the relationship between initial chemistry and mass loss of fine roots and foliage were determined for two woody tropical species, Prestoea montana and Dacryodes excelsa, over a gradient of sites in two watersheds in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. At all locations, fine roots decayed significantly more slowly than foliage during the initial 6 months. Substrate quality of the initial tissue showed marked differences between roots and foliage when using cell wall chemistry, secondary chemistry and total elemental analysis as indices. Quantity of acid detergent fiber (ADF) (non-digestible cell wall fiber) and lignin content were higher for roots than leaves: D. excelsa roots had 55.3% ADF and 28.7% lignin while leaves had 36.2% ADF and 11.8% lignin; P. montana roots had 68.0% ADF and 26.8% lignin while leaves had 48.5% ADF and 16.1% lignin. Aluminum concentrations were higher in fine roots (843 mg kg−1 in D. excelsa, 1500 mg kg−1 in P. montana) than leaves (244 mg kg−1 in D. excelsa, 422 mg kg−1 in P. montana), while calcium concentrations were higher in foliage (5.5 mg g−1 in D. excelsa, 7.8 mg g−1 in P. montana) than roots (3.4 mg g−1 in D. excelsa, 3.1 mg g−1 in P. montana). Nitrogen did not show any trend with tissue or species type. A linear model between mass remaining after 6 months and initial tissue chemistry could be developed only for calcium (r2=0.64).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Atlantic white cedar ; calcium ; magnesium ; potassium ; nutrient resorption ; nutrient use efficiency ; wood chemical composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nutrient resorption from senescing tissues increases plant nutrient-use efficiency, and may be an adaptation to nutrient limitation. In some tree species, retranslocation of nutrients from sapwood during heartwood formation is a comparable process. We measured Ca, Mg and K concentrations in Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) stemwood samples taken from two swamps in the northeastern United States and compared them to soil mineral nutrient availability at each site. We found that Ca, Mg and K concentrations were 60–700% higher in sapwood than in the immediately adjacent heartwood, indicating retranslocation of these nutrients from senescing sapwood. Sapwood nutrient concentrations were similar between the two sites. However, nutrient concentrations in the heartwood differed significantly between the sites, as did the relative degree of Ca and Mg retranslocation from senescing sapwood. We found these differences between sites to be inversely related to significant differences in exchangeable Ca, Mg and K as well as Al concentrations in the soil. These findings suggest that the degree of nutrient retranslocation from senescing sapwood may be influenced by soil nutrient availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calculations ; carbon flux method ; fine-root biomass methods ; forests ; indirect methods ; ingrowth cores ; minirhizotrons ; net primary production ; nitrogen budget method ; nutrients ; sequential soil coring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The relationship of global climate change to plant growth and the role of forests as sites of carbon sequestration have encouraged the refinement of the estimates of root biomass and production. However, tremendous controversy exists in the literature as to which is the best method to determine fine root biomass and production. This lack of consensus makes it difficult for researchers to determine which methods are most appropriate for their system. The sequential root coring method was the most commonly used method to collect root biomass data in the past and is still commonly used. But within the last decade the use of minirhizotrons has become a favorite method of many researchers. In addition, due to the high labor-intensive requirements of many of the direct approaches to determine root biomass, there has been a shift to develop indirect methods that would allow fine root biomass and production to be predicted using data on easily monitored variables that are highly correlated to root dynamics. Discussions occur as to which method should be used but without gathering data from the same site using different methods, these discussions can be futile. This paper discusses and compares the results of the most commonly used direct and indirect methods of determining root biomass and production: sequential root coring, ingrowth cores, minirhizotrons, carbon fluxes approach, nitrogen budget approach and correlations with abiotic resources. No consistent relationships were apparent when comparing several sites where at least one of the indirect and direct methods were used on the same site. Until the different root methods can be compared to some independently derived root biomass value obtained from total carbon budgets for systems, one root method cannot be stated to be the best and the method of choice will be determined from researcher's personal preference, experiences, equipment, and/or finances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1464
    Keywords: ammonium ; freshwater tidal marsh ; invasive species ; phosphate ; Phragmites ; porewater ; restoration ; Typha
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Selected nitrogen and phosphorus pools in two freshwater tidal marsh ecosystems on the lower Connecticut River were measured relative to Phragmites, Typha and mixed native wetland plant cover types. For both the Chapman Pond Preserve and Chester Creek Marsh, significant differences were found between plant cover types in porewater ammonium and phosphate for some months during the 1998 growing season; porewater nitrate was always below the detection limit. At Chapman Pond, no significant differences were detected between Phragmites and Typha for plant tissue N concentrations. The standing stock of nitrogen was higher in Phragmites stands, however, owing to its greater aboveground biomass. No significant difference was found between plant cover types for total soil N at Chapman Pond, but KCl extractable ammonium was higher in the mixed cover type than Phragmites or Typha. The results of this study suggest that Phragmites is affecting nutrient pools in freshwater tidal marshes, a result that should be considered in future management design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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