Keywords:
Volcanoes-Costa Rica.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This multidisciplinary study of Costa Rica's highly active Poás Volcano analyses its volcanological, petrological and geochemical features, reports on efforts to monitor its activity, and traces its impact on local communities, agriculture, and industry.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (325 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9783319021560
Series Statement:
Active Volcanoes of the World Series
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=5733055
DDC:
551.21097286
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Overview of the Tectonics and Geodynamics of Costa Rica -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Cocos Plate -- 2.1 Slab Imaging and Crustal Structure -- 3 The Caribbean Plate -- 3.1 The Forearc -- 3.2 The Arc -- 3.3 The Costa Rican Basement -- 4 Summary and Ongoing Questions -- References -- 2 Geochemical and Geochronological Characterisation of the Poas Stratovolcano Stratigraphy -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Study Area -- 2.1 Regional Setting -- 3 Field and Analytical Methods -- 3.1 New Formal Description of Poás Formation and Poás Stratigraphy -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Geology and Stratigraphy of Poás Stratovolcano -- 4.1.1 Colima Formation -- 4.1.2 Tiribí Formation -- 4.1.3 Río Sarapiquí Unit -- 4.1.4 La Paz Unit -- 4.1.5 Achiote Unit -- 4.1.6 Río Cuarto Lavas Unit -- 4.1.7 Poasito Member -- 4.1.8 Sabana Redonda Member -- 4.1.9 Von Frantzius Member -- 4.1.10 Congo Member -- 4.1.11 Poás Summit Member -- 4.1.12 Poás Lapilli Tuff Member -- 4.1.13 Bosque Alegre Member -- 4.1.14 Laguna Kopper Member -- 4.1.15 Recent Deposits -- 5 Geologic History of Poás Volcano -- 6 Poás Volcano Geochemistry -- 6.1 Geochemical Evolution of Poás Volcano -- 7 Discussion and Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 The Extraordinary Sulfur Volcanism of Poás from 1828 to 2018 -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Poás Volcano -- 3 Physical-Chemical Properties of Sulfur -- 4 Sulfur Volcanism Recognized Since the Early 1900s -- 4.1 Sulfur Spherules and "Sweat" Testify Sub-lacustrine Sulfur Pools -- 4.2 Sub-aerial Sulfur Pools and Eruptive Products of Sulfur Volcanism -- 5 Sulfur Volcanism at Poás -- 5.1 The 1987-1990 Laguna Caliente Dry-Out -- 5.2 Rise and Demise of the Fumarola Naranja (2000-2009) -- 5.3 Tracking Unrest Using Sulfur Spherules (2000-2018) -- 6 Poás Compared with Other Volcanoes -- 7 Summary.
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References -- Scientific Event Alert Network and Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network -- Red Sismológica Nacional -- 4 Coseismic Landslide Susceptibility Analysis Using LiDAR Data PGA Attenuation and GIS: The Case of Poás Volcano, Costa Rica, Central America -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Study Area -- 1.2 Tectonic Setting of Costa Rica and the Poás Volcano Area -- 1.3 Historical Coseismic Landslides in Costa Rica and Around Poás Volcano -- 1.4 The Cinchona Earthquake and Its Impact -- 1.5 Geology and Geomorphology Setting of the Affected Region -- 1.5.1 Platanar Volcano -- 1.5.2 Barva Volcano -- 1.5.3 Poás Volcano -- 1.6 Orographic Regions and Climatic Conditions Around Poás Volcano -- 1.7 Land Cover and Soil Type -- 2 Methodology -- 2 Methodology -- 2.2 Coseismic Landslide Susceptibility Model -- 2.3 Evaluation of the Methodology -- 3 Data and Results -- 3.1 Post-Cinchona Earthquake Landslide Inventory -- 3.1.1 Landslide Distribution by Orographic Regions (Caribbean-Pacific) -- 3.1.2 Landslide Distribution by Type of Land Cover -- 3.1.3 Landslide Distribution by Volcanic Edifice -- 3.1.4 Landslide Distribution by Volcanic Unit -- 3.1.5 Landslide Distribution by Volcanic Temporal Phase Units (Paleo-Neo) -- 3.1.6 Landslide Distribution by Slope Angle -- 3.1.7 Types of Landslides and Types of Material that They Involved -- 3.1.8 Distance to the Epicenter -- 3.1.9 Area and Volume Removed from the Coseismic Landslides -- 3.1.10 Comparison of the Cinchona Event with Other Coseismic Worldwide Events -- 3.2 Coseismic Landslides Susceptibility Model for the Poás Volcano -- 3.2.1 Lithological Susceptibility (Sl) -- 3.2.2 Slope Angle Susceptibility (Ss) -- 3.2.3 Ground Moisture Susceptibility (Sh) -- 3.2.4 Earthquake Trigger (Earthq Trig) -- 3.2.5 Slope Susceptibility to Slide (H) -- 3.3 Methodology Evaluation.
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3.4 Use of the Coseismic Landslide Susceptibility Model in Other Events Near Poás Volcano -- 3.4.1 The Sarchí Earthquake (June 12-1912, 5.5Mw, Depth 18 Km) -- 3.4.2 Hypothetical Earthquake Case: Extension of Ángel Fault (6.0 Mw, Depth 10 km) -- 3.4.3 Hypothetical Earthquake Case: San Miguel Fault (7.0 Mw, Depth 10 km) -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Seismicity of Poás Volcano, Costa Rica -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Processing -- 3 Seismicity -- 4 Relation Between Seismicity and the Volcanic Activity -- 5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Thermal Energy Release from Poás Volcano, Costa Rica -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological Setting and Volcanic Activity at Poás Volcano -- 3 Procedures and Methods -- 3.1 Soil CO2 Efflux and Soil Temperature -- 3.2 Soil Gas Concentration and δ13C-CO2 Isotopic Composition -- 3.3 Heat Flux Involved in the Diffuse Degassing Process -- 3.4 Carbon and Helium Isotopic Composition of Fumarolic Discharges -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Soil Diffuse CO2 Degassing -- 4.2 Isotopic Signature of the Diffuse CO2 Emissions -- 4.3 Dynamic of Diffuse CO2 Emission -- 4.4 Thermal Energy Release -- 4.5 Temporal Variation of Carbon and Helium Isotopic Composition of Fumarolic Discharges -- 5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Behaviour of Polythionates in the Acid Lake of Poás Volcano: Insights into Changes in the Magmatic-Hydrothermal Regime and Subaqueous Input of Volatiles -- Abstract -- 1 Introductory Remarks -- 1.1 Polythionates: Research and Discovery in Waters of Volcanic Origin -- 1.2 The Laguna Caliente at Poás -- 1.2.1 Summary of Historical Activity -- 1.2.2 Laguna Caliente and First Polythionate Data -- 2 Sampling Strategy and Analytical Procedures -- 2.1 Sampling -- 2.2 Polythionate Analysis.
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2.3 Determination of Major Anions, Dissolved Gases, PH and Other Solutes -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Polythionate Results -- 3.2 Polythionates: Relationships with Lake Properties, Fumarolic Activity and Eruptive Phreatic Events -- 3.2.1 Stage II (September 1980-April 1986): High PT Concentrations, Moderate Convective Activity in the Lake Without Phreatic Eruptions, High-Temperature Degassing Through the Dome -- 3.2.2 Stage III (May 1986-August 1995): PTs in Trace Amounts or Absent, Frequent Phreatic Eruptions, Intense Fumarolic Degassing -- 3.2.3 Stage IV (September 1995-February 2005: Relative Quiescence in the Lake, Significant Fluctuations in PT Concentrations and Subaqueous Input of Volatiles and Heat -- Sub-stage IVA (September 1995-July 1997): Relative Quiescence, Large Production of PTs with Predominance of Tetrathionate Due to Renewed Input of Gases, Enhanced Fumarolic Output Through the Dome and Other on-Shore Locations -- Sub-stage IVB (August 1997-October 2001): Relative Quiescence But Largest PT Concentrations of the 1980-2006 Period Due to Influx of S-Rich Fumarolic Gas, Predominance of Tetrathionate -- Sub-stage IVC (November 2001-May 2002): Relative Quiescence, Sharp Drop in PT Concentrations with Predominance of Pentathionate, Fairly Low Influx of Volatiles -- Sub-stage IVD (June 2002-September 2003): Relative Quiescence, Enhanced Input of Volatiles and Heat, Reappearance of Significant Amounts of PTs, Dominance of Tetrathionate -- Sub-stage IVE (October 2003-February 2005: Relative Quiescence, Sharp Drop in PT Concentrations, Strong Weakening of Fumarolic Outgassing, Record Lake Level -- 3.2.4 Stage V (From March 2005 to February 2019): Reappearance of Large Quantities of PTs, Dominance of Tetrathionate, Subsequent PT Breakdown at Onset of the Current Cycle of Phreatomagmatic to Magmatic Activity.
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3.3 Lake Behavior from Polythionate-Sulfate Relationships -- 3.4 SO2/H2S Ratios and Common Feeding Controls of Subaqueous and Sub-aerial Fumarolic Output -- 4 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix: Sampling Strategy and Analytical Procedures -- Sampling -- Polythionate Analysis -- Determination of Major Anions, Dissolved Gases, pH and Other Data -- Polythionates-Relationships with Lake Properties, Fumarolic Activity and Eruptive Phreatic Events -- Microgravity and PTs -- Seismicity -- Upwelling -- Fumarole Activity -- Gas Fluxes -- Relationship Between PTs and Seismic Activity -- References -- Supplementary References -- 8 Geophysical and Geochemical Precursors to Changes in Activity at Poás Volcano -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sub-surface Structure -- 3 Activity Over the Last 30 Year Period -- 4 Geophysical and Geochemical Measurements -- 5 Summary -- References -- 9 39 Years of Geochemical Monitoring of Laguna Caliente Crater Lake, Poás: Patterns from the Past as Keys for the Future -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Unrest and Phreatic Eruptions at Poás -- 2.1 Pre-monitoring Activity of Poás Between 1834 and 1978 -- 2.2 Between 1978 and 1980 -- 2.3 Between 1986 and 1996 -- 2.4 Between 2005 and 2016 -- 2.5 Ongoing Magmatic Activity: 2017 -- 3 Pattern Recognition -- 3.1 The Method -- 3.2 Pattern Recognition for Erupting Crater Lakes: Ruapehu, Yugama and Poás -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Defining Thresholds for "The Best" Monitoring Parameters -- 4.2 Temporal Variations Revised After Definition of Thresholds -- 4.2.1 Methodology -- 5 Implications for Future Monitoring of Poás (Laguna Caliente) and Other Crater Lake Bearing Volcanoes -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 The Last Eighteen Years (1998-2014) of Fumarolic Degassing at the Poás Volcano (Costa Rica) and Renewal Activity -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction.
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2 A Chronological Summary of the Fumarolic Gas Migration at Poás Volcano in the Last Eighteen Years and the Renewal Activity.
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