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  • 1
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    Simultaneous recording of filtration and respiration in marine organisms in response to short‐term environmental variability (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: Climate change imposes unusual long‐term trends in environmental conditions, plus some tremendous shifts in short‐term environmental variability, exerting additional stress on marine ecosystems. This paper describes an empirical method that aims to improve our understanding of the performance of benthic filter feeders experiencing changes in environmental conditions, such as temperature, on time scales of minutes to hours, especially during daily cycles or extreme events such as marine heatwaves or hypoxic upwelling. We describe the Fluorometer and Oximeter equipped Flow‐through Setup (FOFS), experimental design, and methodological protocols to evaluate the flood of data, enabling researchers to monitor important energy budget traits, including filtration and respiration of benthic filter‐feeders in response to fine‐tuned environmental variability. FOFS allows online recording of deviations in chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen concentrations induced by the study organism. Transparent data processing through Python scripts provides the possibility to adjust procedures to needs when working in different environmental contexts (e.g., temperature vs. pH, salinity, oxygen, biological cues) and with different filter‐feeding species. We successfully demonstrate the functionality of the method through recording responses of Baltic Sea blue mussels (Mytilus) during one‐day thermal cycles. This method practically provides a tool to help researchers exposing organisms to environmental variability for some weeks or months, to relate the observed long‐term performance responses to short‐term energy budget responses, and to explain their findings with the potential to generalize patterns. The method, therefore, allows a more detailed description of stress‐response relationships and the detection of species' tolerance limits.
    Description: Climate‐Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Exzellenzcluster Ozean der Zukunft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010783
    Description: GEOMAR Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003153
    Description: Helmholtz‐Gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001656
    Description: Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir
    Description: Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004350
    Keywords: 578.77 ; benthic filter-feeders ; shallow-water marine habitats ; environmental changes ; monitoring energy budget responses
    Type: article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Editorial: Influence of environmental variability on climate change impacts in marine ecosystems (2022)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-19
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 3
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    The carbonate system on the coral patches and rocky intertidal habitats of the northern Persian Gulf: Implications for ocean acidification studies (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: This research characterizes the temporal and spatial variability of the seawater carbonate chemistry on the near-shore waters of the northern Persian Gulf and Makran Sea. In general, normalized total alkalinity (nAT) showed a westward decrease along the coasts of Makran Sea and the Persian Gulf. Intertidal seawater was always supersaturated in terms of calcium carbonate minerals during the daytime. Rocky shore waters in the Persian Gulf were sinks for CO2 in the winter during the daytime. The nAT decreased from Larak to Khargu Island by 81 μmol/kg. As expected, the two hypothetical drivers of bio-calcification, i.e., Ω and the [HCO3 −]/[H+] ratio, were significantly related at a narrow range of ambient temperature. However, as data were pooled over seasons and study sites, in contrast to ΩAr, the [HCO3 −]/[H+] ratio showed a slight dependence on temperature, suggesting that the ratio should be investigated as a more reliable factor in future biocalcification researches.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Cyclic thermal fluctuations can be burden or relief for an ectotherm depending on fluctuations’ average and amplitude (2021)
    British Ecological Society | Wiley
    In:  Functional Ecology, 35 (11). pp. 2483-2496.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-10
    Description: Predicting the implications of ongoing ocean climate warming demands a better understanding of how short-term thermal variability impacts marine ectotherms, particularly at beyond-optimal average conditions during summer heatwaves. Using a globally important model species, the blue mussel Mytilus, in a 5-week-long experiment, we (a) assessed growth performance traits under 12 scenarios, consisting of four thermal averages (18.5, 21, 23.5 and 26℃) imposed as constant or daily fluctuating regimes with amplitudes of 2 or 4℃. Additionally, we conducted a short-term assay using different mussel individuals to (b) test for the species capacity for suppression and recovery of metabolic performance traits (feeding and aerobic respiration) when exposed to a 1-day thermal fluctuation regime (16.8–30.5℃). Using this high-resolution data, we (c) generated short-term thermal metabolic performance curves to predict and explain growth responses observed in the long-term experiment. We found that daily high-amplitude thermal cycles (4℃) improved mussel growth when fluctuations were imposed around an extreme average temperature of 26℃, representing end-of-century heatwaves. In contrast, thermal cycles negatively affected mussel growth at a less extreme average temperature of 23.5℃, resembling current peak summer temperature scenarios. These results suggest that fluctuations ameliorate heat stress impacts only at critically high average temperatures. The short-term assay demonstrated that during the warming phase, animals stopped feeding between 24 and 30℃ while gradually suppressing respiration. In the subsequent cooling phase, feeding and respiration partially and fully recovered to pre-heating rates respectively. Furthermore, nonlinear averaging of short-term feeding responses (upscaling) well-predicted longer term growth responses to fluctuations. Our findings suggest that fluctuations can be beneficial to or detrimental for the long-term performance of ectothermic animals, depending on the fluctuations' average and amplitude. Furthermore, the observed effects can be linked to fluctuation-mediated metabolic suppression and recovery. In a general framework, we propose various hypothetical scenarios of fluctuation impacts on ectotherm performance considering inter- or intra-species variability in heat sensitivity. Our research highlights the need for studying metabolic performance in relation to cyclic abiotic fluctuations to advance the understanding of climate change impacts on aquatic systems. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13889
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Pulsed pressure: Fluctuating impacts of multifactorial environmental change on a temperate macroalgal community (2021)
    Wiley | ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Global change impacts marine organisms and communities mainly through ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and changes in nutrient inputs and water circulation. To assess the ecological impacts of global change, the effects of multiple interacting environmental drivers, including their fluctuations, should be tested at different levels of biological organization. In an outdoor mesocosm study, we investigated the differential effects of three simulated upwelling events coupled with ocean warming (1–5°C above ambient) on a temperate benthic community in the Western Baltic Sea. Ocean warming, especially in summer when temperatures are close to or above the physiological optimum of many species, is likely to impose thermal stress with species-specific impacts. As the properties of deep water vary seasonally, so will the effects of upwelling. Upwelling of cooler deep water in midsummer may alleviate thermal stress, although this mitigation may be modulated by upwelling-associated shifts in other water-quality parameters such as salinity, nutrients, or late-summer hypoxia. This investigation showed that in the Western Baltic Ocean warming was rather beneficial in early and late summer but detrimental when ambient temperatures were highest in midsummer. The effects of upwelling in the absence of ocean warming were generally weakly beneficial, while this effect tended to vanish with intensifying imposed ocean warming. Hypoxia associated with the late summer upwelling impacted some of the grazer species but did not impact the macroalgae. We conclude that in coastal temperate benthic communities, ocean warming is the predominant stressor that may partially and seasonally be buffered by upwelling.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Combined effects of salinity and trematode infections on the filtration capacity, growth and condition of mussels (2022)
    Inter Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The blue mussel (Mytilus species complex) is an important ecosystem engineer, and salinity can be a major abiotic driver of mussel functioning in coastal ecosystems. However, little is known about the interactive effects of abiotic drivers and trematode infection. This study investigated the combined effects of salinity and Himasthla elongata and Renicola roscovita metacercarial infections on the filtration capacity, growth, and condition of M. edulis from the Baltic Sea. In a laboratory experiment, groups of infected and uninfected mussels were exposed to a wide range of salinities (6−30, in steps of 3) for 1 mo. Shell growth was found to be positively correlated with salinity and optimal at 18−24 at the end of the experiment, imposed by constraints in shell calcification under lower salinities. Mussel shell growth was not affected by H. elongata infection. While salinity had only a minor effect on tissue dry weight, infected mussels had a significantly lower tissue dry weight than uninfected mussels. Most interestingly, the combination of salinity and trematode infections negatively affected the mussels’ condition indices at lower salinity levels (6 and 9), suggesting that trematode infections are more detrimental to mussels when combined with freshening. A significant positive effect of salinity on mussel filtration was found, with an initial optimum at salinity 18 shifting to 18−24 by the end of the experiment. These findings indicate that salinity and parasite infections act as synergistic stressors for mussels, and enhance the understanding of potential future ecosystem shifts under climate change-induced freshening in coastal waters.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Marine heatwaves and upwelling shape stress responses in a keystone predator (2023)
    Royal Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Climate change increases the frequency and intensifies the magnitude and duration of extreme events in the sea, particularly so in coastal habitats. However, the interplay of multiple extremes and the consequences for species and ecosystems remain unknown. We experimentally tested the impacts of summer heatwaves of differing intensities and durations, and a subsequent upwelling event on a temperate keystone predator, the starfish Asterias rubens. We recorded mussel consumption throughout the experiment and assessed activity and growth at strategically chosen time points. The upwelling event overall impaired starfish feeding and activity, likely driven by the acidification and low oxygen concentrations in the upwelled seawater. Prior exposure to a present-day heatwave (+5°C above climatology) alleviated upwelling-induced stress, indicating cross-stress tolerance. Heatwaves of present-day intensity decreased starfish feeding and growth. While the imposed heatwaves of limited duration (9 days) caused slight impacts but allowed for recovery, the prolonged (13 days) heatwave impaired overall growth. Projected future heatwaves (+8°C above climatology) caused 100% mortality of starfish. Our findings indicate a positive ecological memory imposed by successive stress events. Yet, starfish populations may still suffer extensive mortality during intensified end-of-century heatwave conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Thermal optima of cercarial emergence in trematodes from a marine high-temperature ecosystem, the Persian Gulf (2023)
    Nature Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Global warming may alter the dynamics of infectious diseases by affecting important steps in the transmission of pathogens and parasites. In trematode parasites, the emergence of cercarial stages from their hosts is temperature-dependent, being highest around a thermal optimum. If environmental temperatures exceed this optimum as a consequence of global warming, this may affect cercarial transmission. However, our knowledge of cercarial emergence patterns of species from high temperature environments is currently very limited. Here, we investigated the effect of temperature on the emergence of two common trematode species from an abundant mud snail Pirenella cingulata in the Persian Gulf, the warmest sea on Earth. Infected snails were incubated in the laboratory at 6 temperatures from 10 to 40°C for 3 days. We found an optimal temperature for cercarial emergence of 32.0°C and 33.5°C for Acanthotrema tridactyla and Cyathocotylidae gen. sp., respectively, which are the warmest recorded thermal optima for any aquatic trematode species. Emergence of both species dropped at 40°C, suggesting upper thermal limits to emergence. Overall, Persian Gulf trematodes may be among the most heat-tolerant marine trematode species, indicating a potential for dispersing to regions that will continue to warm in the future.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Simultaneous recording of filtration and respiration in marine organisms in response to short‐term environmental variability (2021)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Climate change imposes unusual long‐term trends in environmental conditions, plus some tremendous shifts in short‐term environmental variability, exerting additional stress on marine ecosystems. This paper describes an empirical method that aims to improve our understanding of the performance of benthic filter feeders experiencing changes in environmental conditions, such as temperature, on time scales of minutes to hours, especially during daily cycles or extreme events such as marine heatwaves or hypoxic upwelling. We describe the Fluorometer and Oximeter equipped Flow‐through Setup (FOFS), experimental design, and methodological protocols to evaluate the flood of data, enabling researchers to monitor important energy budget traits, including filtration and respiration of benthic filter‐feeders in response to fine‐tuned environmental variability. FOFS allows online recording of deviations in chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen concentrations induced by the study organism. Transparent data processing through Python scripts provides the possibility to adjust procedures to needs when working in different environmental contexts (e.g., temperature vs. pH, salinity, oxygen, biological cues) and with different filter‐feeding species. We successfully demonstrate the functionality of the method through recording responses of Baltic Sea blue mussels (Mytilus) during one‐day thermal cycles. This method practically provides a tool to help researchers exposing organisms to environmental variability for some weeks or months, to relate the observed long‐term performance responses to short‐term energy budget responses, and to explain their findings with the potential to generalize patterns. The method, therefore, allows a more detailed description of stress‐response relationships and the detection of species' tolerance limits.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    The higher the needs, the lower the tolerance: Extreme events may select ectotherm recruits with lower metabolic demand and heat sensitivity (2021)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Ongoing climate warming demands a better understanding of whether or how the ectotherms that evolved in response to fluctuating stress regimes may acquire increased heat tolerance. Using blue mussels, Mytilus spp., a globally important and well-studied species, we provide empirical evidence supporting that (i) extremely warm (future) summer conditions may select rare recruits that are more capable of expressing metabolic (feeding and respiration) suppression and recovery in response to daily thermal fluctuations in mild to critical temperature range, (ii) this higher heat tolerance can be mediated by lower baseline metabolic demand, possibly decreasing the risks of heat-induced supply and demand mismatch and its associated stress during thermal fluctuations, and (iii) the capacity to acquire such heat tolerance through acclimation is minor. We discuss our results, methodological limitations and offer a perspective for future research. Further evaluation of mechanistic hypotheses such as the one tested here (based on the role of metabolic demand) is needed to generalize the significance of drivers of fast warm adaptation in ectothermic metazoan populations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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