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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Rivers -- Europe. ; Stream ecology -- Europe. ; Integrated water development -- Europe. ; Water quality -- Europe -- Management. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Based on the bestselling book, Rivers of North America, this new guide stands as the only primary source of complete and comparative baseline data on the biological and hydrological characteristics of more than 180 of the highest profile rivers in Europe. With numerous full-color photographs and maps, this book includes conservation information on current patterns of river use and the extent to which human society has exploited and impacted them. Rivers of Europe provides the information ecologists and conservation managers need to better assess their management and meet the EU legislative good governance targets. * Coverage on more than 180 European rivers * Summarizes biological, ecological and biodiversity characteristics * Provides conservation managers with information to resolve conflicts between recreational use of rivers, their use as a water supply, and the need to conserve natural habitats * Data on river hydrology (maximum , minimum and average flow rates), seasonal variation in water flow * Numerous full-color photographs * Information on the underlying geology and its affect on river behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (717 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080919089
    DDC: 551.483094
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Rivers of Europe -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Introduction to European Rivers -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Biogeographic Setting -- 1.3. Cultural and Socio-economic Setting -- 1.4. Hydrologic and Human Legacies -- 1.5. Early and Recent Human Impact -- 1.6. Temperature and Precipitation -- 1.7. Water Availability and Runoff -- 1.8. Riverine Floodplains -- 1.9. River Deltas -- 1.10. Water Quality -- 1.11. Freshwater Biodiversity -- 1.12. Environmental Pressures on Biodiversity -- 1.13. The European Water Framework Directive -- 1.14. Knowledge Gaps -- Appendix -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Further reading -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 2 Volga River Basin -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Human History -- 2.3. Biogeographical Setting -- 2.4. Physiography and Climate -- 2.5. Geomorphology, Hydrology, and Biogeochemistry -- 2.6. Aquatic and Riparian Biodiversity -- 2.7. Management and Conservation -- 2.8. Conclusions and Perspectives -- 2.9. Major Tributaries of the Volga River -- References -- Chapter 3 The Danube River Basin -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Historical Aspects -- 3.3. Palaeogeography and Geology -- 3.4. Geomorphology -- 3.5. Climate and Hydrology -- 3.6. Biogeochemistry, Water Quality and Nutrients -- 3.7. Biodiversity -- 3.8. Human Impacts, Conservation and Management -- 3.9. Major Tributaries and the Danube delta -- 3.10. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 4 The Iberian Rivers -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. The Guadiana -- 4.3. The Guadalquivir -- 4.4. The Duero -- 4.5. The Ebro -- 4.6. The Tagus -- 4.7. Additional Rivers -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Further reading -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 5 Continental Atlantic Rivers -- Introduction -- 5.1. The Meuse River Basin. , 5.2. The Loire Basin -- 5.3. The Adour-Garonne Basin -- Chapter 6 The Rhine River Basin -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Biogeographic Setting -- 6.3. Palaeogeography -- 6.4. Physiography, Climate and Land Use -- 6.5. Geomorphology, Hydrology and Biogeochemistry -- 6.6. Aquatic and Riparian Biodiversity -- 6.7. Management and Conservation -- 6.8. The Major Rhine Tributaries -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 7 The Rhône River Basin -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Biogeographic Setting -- 7.3. Physiography, Climate and Land Use -- 7.4. Geomorphology, Hydrology, and Biogeochemistry -- 7.5. Aquatic and Riparian Biodiversity -- 7.6. Management and Conservation -- 7.7. The Ain River -- 7.8. The Saone River -- 7.9. The Durance River -- 7.10. Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 8 The Fennoscandian Shield -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The Rivers -- 8.3. Conclusions and Outlook -- 8.4. Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 9 Arctic Rivers -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. The Altaelva River -- 9.3. The Tana River -- 9.4. The Komagelva River -- 9.5. The Varzuga River -- 9.6. The Onega River -- 9.7. The Northern Dvina River -- 9.8. The Mezen River -- 9.9. The Pechora River -- 9.10. The Geithellnaa River -- 9.11. The Laxa River -- 9.12. The Vestari Jokulsa River -- 9.13. The Bayelva River -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 10 British and Irish Rivers -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Biogeographic Setting -- 10.3. Physiography, Climate and Land Use -- 10.4. Geomorphology, Hydrology and Biogeochemistry -- 10.5. Aquatic and Riparian Biodiversity -- 10.6. Management and Conservation -- 10.7. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 11 Rivers of the Balkans -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Historical Perspective. , 11.3. Major Rivers and Tributaries -- 11.4. Biogeographic Setting -- 11.5. Physiography, Climate and Land Use -- 11.6. Hydrology and Biogeochemistry -- 11.7. Riparian and Aquatic Biodiversity -- 11.8. Management and Conservation -- 11.9. Conclusion and Perspective -- Acknowledgements -- Reference -- Further reading -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 12 The Italian Rivers -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Biogeographic Setting -- 12.3. Physiography, Climate, and Land Use -- 12.4. Geomorphology, Hydrology, and Biochemistry -- 12.5. Aquatic and Riparian Biodiversity -- 12.6. Management and Conservation -- 12.7. Conclusion and Perspective -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 13 Western Steppic Rivers -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Biogeographic Setting -- 13.3. Physiography, Climate, and Land Use -- 13.4. Geomorphology, Hydrology, and Biochemistry -- 13.5. Aquatic and Riparian Biodiversity -- 13.6. Management and Conservation -- 13.7. Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Further reading -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 14 Rivers of the Central European Highlands and Plains -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Weser -- 14.3. Elbe -- 14.4. Oder -- 14.5. Em -- 14.6. Skjern -- 14.7. Spree -- 14.8. Drawa -- 14.9. Synopsis -- References -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 15 Rivers of the Boreal Uplands -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Physiography, Land Use and Hydrology -- 15.3. Aquatic and Riparian Biodiversity -- 15.4. Glomma river -- 15.5. Numedalslagen river -- 15.6. Mandalselva river -- 15.7. Suldalslagen river -- 15.8. Lærdalselva river -- 15.9. Jostedøla river -- 15.10. Stryneelva river -- 15.11. Orkla river -- 15.12. Namsen river -- 15.13. Vefsna river -- 15.14. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 16 Baltic and Eastern Continental Rivers -- 16.1. Introduction. , 16.2. Vistula River -- 16.3. Biodiversity -- 16.4. Nemunas River -- 16.5. Western Dvina River -- 16.6. Narva River -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Further reading -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 17 Rivers of Turkey -- 17.1. Introduction -- 17.2. Historical Perspective -- 17.3. Geology of Turkey -- 17.4. General Characterization of Turkish Rivers -- 17.5. Climate -- 17.6. Land Use Patterns -- 17.7. Geomorphology of River Basins -- 17.8. Hydrology and Temperature -- 17.9. Water Quality -- 17.10. Biodiversity -- 17.11. Management and Conservation -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 18 Ural River Basin -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Physiography, Climate, and Land Use -- 18.3. Geomorphology, Hydrology, and Biogeochemistry -- 18.4. Biodiversity -- 18.5. Management and Conservation -- 18.6. Sakmara River -- 18.7. Ilek River -- 18.8. Conclusion -- References -- References -- Relevant websites -- Chapter 19 European Rivers: A Personal Perspectives -- 19.1. First Impressions -- 19.2. A Closer Look: Quantitative Patterns Among River Basins -- 19.3. The State of the Continent -- 19.4. Policy - What we Should do -- 19.5. Science - What we Need to Know -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Academic Press
    Keywords: Rivers Europe ; Stream ecology Europe ; Integrated water development Europe ; Water quality Europe ; Management ; Europa ; Fließgewässer ; Aquatisches Ökosystem ; Hydrologie
    Description / Table of Contents: Based on the bestselling book, "Rivers of North America", this new guide stands as the only primary source of complete and comparative baseline data on the biological and hydrological characteristics of more than 180 of the highest profile rivers in Europe. With numerous full-color photographs and maps, this book includes conservation information on current patterns of river use and the extent to which human society has exploited and impacted them. "Rivers of Europe" provides the information ecologists and conservation managers need to better assess their management and meet the EU legislative good governance targets. It covers more than 180 European rivers. This book: summarizes biological, ecological and biodiversity characteristics; provides conservation managers with information to resolve conflicts between recreational use of rivers, their use as a water supply, and the need to conserve natural habitats; offers data on river hydrology (maximum , minimum and average flow rates), seasonal variation in water flow; consists of numerous full-color photographs; and, consists of information on the underlying geology and its affect on river behaviour. (Quelle: www.missing-link.de 07.04.2009)
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XVII, 705 S. , Ill. (farb.), graph. Darst., Kt. , 28cm
    Edition: 1. ed.
    ISBN: 0123694493 , 9780123694492
    DDC: 551.483094
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Parallel Title: Demortier, Guy Rezensiert in Compte rendu de Klement Tockner, Christopher Robinson & Urs Uehlinger (éditeurs) : «Rivers of Europe»
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 124 S) , 21 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Language: German
    Note: Zugl.: Zürich, Diss. Naturwiss. ETH Zürich, Nr. 6723, 0000. Ref.: Ambühl, H. ; Korref.: Matile, P
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 35 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Although the crucial point of disturbance experiments in streams is the extent to which they can simulate an actual spate, this aspect has been widely neglected in the design of such studies. Similarly, the influence of the specific hydrological disturbance regime of a stream on its benthic community has received much theoretical attention in recent years, but hypotheses have rarely been tested in the field.2. Our field experiment compared the structure of the benthic invertebrate community in the prealpine River Necker in north-eastern Switzerland with predictions of the patch dynamics concept about the faunal composition of frequently disturbed streams. We also compared the resistance and resilience of the invertebrates between two sites in the River Necker. A similar substratum composition at both sites, but higher shear stress values both at baseflow and bankfull discharge at site 2, implied a higher disturbance frequency at the latter site. Five patches of stream bed of ≈ 9 m2 were disturbed by kicking and raking at each site, while five similar areas served as controls. From each plot, six Surber samples were taken: the first immediately after the disturbance, and the following five 1, 3, 6, 10 and 30 days later.3. Resilience of the total benthic invertebrate fauna was high. The total number of individuals recovered to undisturbed densities within 30 days at site 1 and 6 days at site 2. Taxon richness recovered within 3 days. In accordance with theory, taxa with high recolonization rates made up a major percentage of the total number of individuals, especially in disturbed plots. However, this percentage was lower at site 2 in spite of the higher disturbance frequency at this site. Rhithrogena spp., Leuctra spp. and the Simuliidae recovered faster to undisturbed densities at site 2. In contrast, absolute recolonization rates of these taxa were higher at site 1, where total invertebrate densities were more than twice as high as at site 2.4. Our results suggest that the time since the last disturbance should be considered as an important factor in studies of benthic invertebrate communities in prealpine rivers, because disturbances can alter the community structure. In frequently disturbed streams, very short sampling intervals may be needed to detect differences in taxon-specific colonization rates. The specific hydrological disturbance regime of such streams is also important, because even within-stream differences in the resilience of the benthic invertebrate community are possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 36 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Periphyton chlorophyll a was measured at weekly or 2 weekly intervals from October 1992 to March 1994 at four sites in a Swiss prealpine gravel bed river that was frequently disturbed by unpredictable spates.2. To evaluate the dominant processes that control periphyton biomass, measured data were compared with a set of simulations from an empirical dynamic periphyton model. Different combinations of process hypotheses were systematically activated and deactivated in order to assess their importance.3. The simplest model leading to an acceptable agreement with measured data employs a biomass-dependent growth rate, a detachment rate directly proportional to discharge and biomass, and a catastrophic loss rate during bed moving spates. Terms describing light or temperature dependence had a minor effect on the model fit.4. The model describes the temporal pattern of the periphyton biomass as a series of growth curves periodically truncated by spates. Within the uncertainties of the measurements, mainly caused by the spatial heterogeneity of periphyton, the biomass recovered along deterministic trajectories.5. Sensitivity analyses with respect to model parameters and model structure showed that site-specific model parameters could not be unequivocally determined, and that the model yields similar results with slightly different formulations of processes. This indicates that the data base with respect to periphyton biomass was too small for a unique identification of model details but that the main conclusions on the significance of processes did not depend on arbitrary choices of the model formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were compared among a diverse array of first-order alpine tundra streams of the Swiss Alps.2. A principal components analysis separated sites into three main groups: rhithral streams, rhithral lake outlets, and kryal sites including outlets and streams. Rhithral streams contained the most diverse and taxon rich assemblages, being colonised by both non-insect taxa and Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Diptera.3. Rhithral lake outlets supported high densities of non-insect taxa such as Oligochaeta, Nemathelminthes and crustaceans. Despite low taxon richness, kryal sites had high Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera abundances. Chironomidae were most common at all sites.4. Collector-gatherers were dominant at all sites, whereas filter-feeders were rare. Scrapers and shredders were more common in streams than lake outlets.5. Water temperature and algal standing crops were higher at rhithral lake outlets than rhithral streams, perhaps providing more favourable habitat for non-insect taxa. Glacial runoff was the dominant factor influencing macroinvertebrate assemblages of kryal streams and kryal lake outlets. Alpine lakes influenced the environmental conditions of their outlets and, consequently, their macroinvertebrate assemblages unless being constrained by a glacial influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. We examined the seasonal and diel patterns of invertebrate drift in relation to seston and various habitat characteristics in two each of four different kinds of alpine streams [rhithral (snow-fed) lake outlets, rhithral streams, kryal (glacial-fed) lake outlets and kryal streams]. Samples were collected at four times of the day (dawn, midday, dusk and midnight) during three seasons (spring, summer and autumn).2. Habitat characteristics differed mainly between rhithral and kryal sites, with the latter having higher discharge and turbidity, lower water temperature, and higher concentrations of ammonium, and particulate and soluble reactive phosphorus. Seasonality in habitat characteristics was most pronounced for kryal streams with autumn samples being more similar to rhithral sites.3. The concentration of seston was lowest in the glacial-influenced lake outlets and slightly higher in the stream sites; no seasonal or diel patterns were evident.4. The density of drifting invertebrates averaged less than 100 m−3 and was lowest (〈10 m−3) at three of the four kryal sites. Taxon richness and diversity were lowest at rhithral lake outlets. Chironomidae dominated the drift as well as benthic communities and 〈30% of benthic taxa identified were found in the drift.5. Drifting invertebrates showed no consistent seasonal pattern. However, density tended to be highest in spring at rhithral sites and in autumn at kryal sites. No diel periodicity in drift density was found at any site and the lack of diel pattern may be a general feature of high altitude streams.6. Glacially influenced habitat parameters were a major factor affecting drift in these alpine streams, whereas no clear differences were observed between streams and lake outlets. Our findings indicate that invertebrate drift in alpine streams is primarily influenced by abiotic factors, and therefore, substantially differs from patterns observed at lower altitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Single-station diel oxygen curves were used to monitor the oxygen metabolism of an intermittent, forested third-order stream (Fuirosos) in the Mediterranean area, over a period of 22 months. Ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross primary production (GPP) were estimated and related to organic matter inputs and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in order to understand the effect of the riparian forest on stream metabolism.2. Annual ER was 1690 g O2 m−2 year−1 and annual GPP was 275 g O2 m−2 year−1. Fuirosos was therefore a heterotrophic stream, with P : R ratios averaging 0.16.3. GPP rates were relatively low, ranging from 0.05 to 1.9 g O2 m−2 day−1. The maximum values of GPP occurred during a few weeks in spring, and ended when the riparian canopy was fully closed. The phenology of the riparian vegetation was an important determinant of light availability, and consequently, of GPP.4. On a daily scale, light and temperature were the most important factors governing the shape of photosynthesis–irradiance (P–I) curves. Several patterns could be generalised in the P–I relationships. Hysteresis-type curves were characteristic of late autumn and winter. Light saturation responses (that occurred at irradiances higher than 90 μE m−2 s−1) were characteristic of early spring. Linear responses occurred during late spring, summer and early autumn when there was no evidence of light saturation.5. Rates of ER were high when compared with analogous streams, ranging from 0.4 to 32 g O2 m−2 day−1. ER was highest in autumn 2001, when organic matter accumulations on the streambed were extremely high. By contrast, the higher discharge in autumn 2002 prevented these accumulations and caused lower ER. The Mediterranean climate, and in its effect the hydrological regime, were mainly responsible for the temporal variation in benthic organic matter, and consequently of ER.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 37 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The crucial point of disturbance experiments in streams is the extent to which they can simulate a natural spate. Ideally, disturbance experiments should proceed side by side with a phenomenological study to allow a direct comparison. In the present study conducted in a prealpine Swiss river, the River Necker, fortuitous events made such a comparison possible.2. In summer 1994, we took Surber samples one day before and on several sampling dates after a major flood (recurrence interval ≈ 5 years), which was followed by a long period of uniform discharge in a river characterized by frequent spates. Beginning 19 days after this flood, patches of the stream bed (≈ 9 m2) were physically disturbed by kicking and raking.3. The degrees of reduction in the total number of individuals and the dominant taxa were similar after both types of disturbance, as were the recolonization patterns of Rhithrogena spp., Leuctra spp. and Hydracarina. Chironomidae, Baetis spp., Simuliidae, Pentaneurini and Corynoneura/Thienemanniella spp. showed a distinct lag phase after the flood before recolonization began, whereas there was no such lag phase after the experiment. Therefore, the time needed to recover to pre-flood densities was longer for these taxa. Nevertheless, recolonization rates and patterns after the lag phase were similar to those after the experimental disturbance.4. Size-class measurements indicated that recruitment from egg hatching may have been more important after the flood than after the experimental disturbance for Rhithrogena spp., but not for Chironomidae, Baetis spp., Simuliidae, Pentaneurini and Leuctra spp. Invertebrate drift was probably the most important pathway of recolonization after both types of disturbance.5. Our experiment allowed a realistic simulation of several important effects of the large flood on the invertebrate community. Smaller spates that induce substratum movement at a spatial scale similar to our experimental plots are much more common than large floods in the River Necker. For these spates, our experiment should provide an even more realistic simulation of natural disturbance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 46 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Traps for litterfall and for lateral transport of organic matter were sampled over a 1-year period along longitudinal and lateral transects in a glacial stream system (Val Roseg, Swiss Alps), which is characterized by single-thread reaches and a large subalpine floodplain.2. Allochthonous inputs to the glacier stream were low close to the glacier terminus but increased as woody riparian vegetation and forests develop. Annual inputs varied from 0.4 g ash free dry matter (AFDM) m–2 year–1 (direct input) and 0.7 g AFDM m–2 year–1 (lateral input) in the proglacial area to 23.0 g AFDM m–2 year–1 (direct input) and 10.7 g AFDM m–2 year–1 (lateral input) in the lowest reach with adjacent subalpine forests.3. Direct inputs of organic matter decreased exponentially from forests at the floodplain edge to the floodplain centre, while lateral inputs of organic matter correlated linearly with distance to trees. Direct litterfall dominated litter input close to the forest, while lateral transport was the major pathway for channels more than 20 m away from the forest.4. A conceptual framework is developed illustrating the influence of terrestrial vegetation and fluvial morphology on organic matter input along the continuum of glacial streams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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