Note: Cover image -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Executive Editors -- Volume Editors -- Executive Editors' Foreword -- Introduction to Volume 1 -- Introduction to Volume 2 -- Introduction to Volume 3 -- Introduction to Volume 4 -- Introduction to Volume 5 -- Introduction to Volume 6 -- Introduction to Volume 7 -- Introduction to Volume 8 -- Introduction to Volume 9 -- Permission Acknowledgments -- Volume 1: Meteorites, Comets, and Planets -- Origin of the Elements -- Presolar Grains -- Solar System Abundances of the Elements -- The Solar Nebula -- Classification of Meteorites -- Oxygen Isotopes in Meteorites -- Chondrites and Their Components -- Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusions in Chondritic Meteorites -- Nebular versus Parent-body Processing -- Structural and Isotopic Analysis of Organic Matter in Carbonaceous Chondrites -- Achondrites -- Iron and Stony-Iron Meteorites -- Cosmic-Ray Exposure Ages of Meteorites -- Noble Gases -- Condensation and Evaporation of Solar System Materials -- Early Solar System Chronology -- Planet Formation -- Mercury -- Venus -- The Origin and Earliest History of the Earth -- The Moon -- Mars -- Giant Planets -- Major Satellites of the Giant Planets -- Comets -- Interplanetary Dust Particles -- Long-Lived Chronometers -- The Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry of Impacts -- Volume 2: The Mantle and Core -- Cosmochemical Estimates of Mantle Composition -- Seismological Constraints upon Mantle Composition -- Sampling Mantle Heterogeneity through Oceanic Basalts: Isotopes and Trace Elements -- Orogenic, Ophiolitic, and Abyssal Peridotites -- Mantle Samples Included in Volcanic Rocks: Xenoliths and Diamonds -- Noble Gases as Mantle Tracers -- Mantle Volatiles-Distribution and Consequences -- Melt Extraction and Compositional Variability in Mantle Lithosphere. , Trace Element Partitioning under Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Conditions: The Influences of Ionic Radius, Cation Charge, Pressure, and Temperature -- Partition Coefficients at High Pressure and Temperature -- Subduction Zone Processes and Implications for Changing Composition of the Upper and Lower Mantle -- Convective Mixing in the Earth's Mantle -- Compositional Evolution of the Mantle -- Experimental Constraints on Core Composition -- Compositional Model for the Earth's Core -- Volume 3: The Crust -- Composition of the Continental Crust -- Constraints on Crustal Heat Production from Heat Flow Data -- Continental Basaltic Rocks -- Volcanic Degassing -- Timescales of Magma Transfer and Storage in the Crust -- Fluid Flow in the Deep Crust -- Geochemical Zoning in Metamorphic Minerals -- Geochronology and Thermochronology in Orogenic Systems -- Continental Crust Subduction and Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism -- Ages and Growth of the Continental Crust from Radiogenic Isotopes -- Granitic Perspectives on the Generation and Secular Evolution of the Continental Crust -- Ores in the Earths Crust -- Geochemistry of the Igneous Oceanic Crust -- Melt Migration in Oceanic Crustal Production: A U-series Perspective -- Hydrothermal Alteration Processes in the Oceanic Crust -- Oceanic Plateaus -- Generation of Mobile Components during Subduction of Oceanic Crust -- One View of the Geochemistry of Subduction-Related Magmatic Arcs, with an Emphasis on Primitive Andesite and Lower Crust -- The Lower Oceanic Crust -- Trace Element and Isotopic Fluxes/Subducted Slab -- Magmatic Ore Deposits -- Volume 4: The Atmosphere -- Ozone, Hydroxyl Radical, and Oxidative Capacity -- Tropospheric Halogen Chemistry -- Global Methane Biogeochemistry -- Tropospheric Aerosols -- Biomass Burning: The Cycling of Gases and Particulates from the Biosphere to the Atmosphere. , Nonmass-Dependent Isotopic Fractionation Processes: Mechanisms and Recent Observations in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments -- The Stable Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric CO2 -- Water Stable Isotopes: Atmospheric Composition and Applications in Polar Ice Core Studies -- Radiocarbon -- Natural Radionuclides in the Atmosphere -- The History of Planetary Degassing as Recorded by Noble Gases -- The Origin of Noble Gases and Major Volatiles in the Terrestrial Planets -- Record of Mineral Aerosols and Their Role in the Earth System -- Stratospheric Chemistry -- Volume 5: Surface and Ground Water, Weathering, and Soils -- Soil Formation -- Modeling Low-Temperature Geochemical Processes -- Reaction Kinetics of Primary Rock-forming Minerals under Ambient Conditions -- Mass-balance Approach to Interpreting Weathering Reactions in Watershed Systems -- Natural Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals -- Plants and Mineral Weathering: Present and Past -- Geochemical Weathering in Glacial and Proglacial Environments -- Global Occurrence of Major Elements in Rivers -- Trace Elements in River Waters -- Dissolved Organic Matter in Freshwaters -- Stable Isotope Applications in Hydrologic Studies -- Radiogenic Isotopes in Weathering and Hydrology -- Geochemistry of Saline Lakes -- Geochemistry of Groundwater -- Groundwater Dating and Residence-time Measurements -- Deep Fluids in the Continents: I. Sedimentary Basins -- Deep Fluids in the Continents: II. Crystalline Rocks -- Soils and Global Change in the Carbon Cycle over Geological Time -- Cosmogenic Nuclides in Weathering and Erosion -- Chemical Weathering Rates, CO2 Consumption, and Control Parameters Deduced from the Chemical Composition of Rivers -- Volume 6: The Oceans and Marine Geochemistry -- Physicochemical Controls on Seawater -- Controls of Trace Metals in Seawater -- Gases in Seawater. , The Biological Pump -- Marine Bioinorganic Chemistry: The Role of Trace Metals in the Oceanic Cycles of Major Nutrients -- Organic Matter in the Contemporary Ocean -- Hydrothermal Processes -- Tracers of Ocean Mixing -- Chemical Tracers of Particle Transport -- Biological Fluxes in the Ocean and Atmospheric pCO2 -- Sediment Diagenesis and Benthic Flux -- Geochronometry of Marine Deposits -- Geochemical Evidence for Quaternary Sea-level Changes -- Elemental and Isotopic Proxies of Past Ocean Temperatures -- Alkenone Paleotemperature Determinations -- Tracers of Past Ocean Circulation -- Long-lived Isotopic Tracers in Oceanography, Paleoceanography, and Ice-sheet Dynamics -- The Biological Pump in the Past -- The Oceanic CaCO3 Cycle -- Records of Cenozoic Ocean Chemistry -- The Geologic History of Seawater -- Volume 7: Sediments, Diagenesis, and Sedimentary Rocks -- Chemical Composition and Mineralogy of Marine Sediments -- The Recycling of Biogenic Material at the Seafloor -- Formation and Diagenesis of Carbonate Sediments -- The Diagenesis of Biogenic Silica: Chemical Transformations Occurring in the Water Column, Seabed, and Crust -- Formation and Geochemistry of Precambrian Cherts -- Geochemistry of Fine-grained Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks -- Late Diagenesis and Mass Transfer in Sandstone-Shale Sequences -- Coal Formation and Geochemistry -- Formation and Geochemistry of Oil and Gas -- Sulfur-rich Sediments -- Manganiferous Sediments, Rocks, and Ores -- Green Clay Minerals -- Chronometry of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks -- The Geochemistry of Mass Extinction -- Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks -- Stable Isotopes in the Sedimentary Record -- Volume 8: Biogeochemistry -- The Early History of Life -- Evolution of Metabolism -- Sedimentary Hydrocarbons, Biomarkers for Early Life -- Biomineralization. , Biogeochemistry of Primary Production in the Sea -- Biogeochemistry of Terrestrial Net Primary Production -- Biogeochemistry of Decomposition and Detrital Processing -- Anaerobic Metabolism: Linkages to Trace Gases and Aerobic Processes -- The Geologic History of the Carbon Cycle -- The Contemporary Carbon Cycle -- The Global Oxygen Cycle -- The Global Nitrogen Cycle -- The Global Phosphorus Cycle -- The Global Sulfur Cycle -- Volume 9: Environmental Geochemistry -- Groundwater and Air Contamination: Risk, Toxicity, Exposure Assessment, Policy, and Regulation -- Arsenic and Selenium -- Heavy Metals in the Environment-Historical Trends -- Geochemistry of Mercury in the Environment -- The Geochemistry of Acid Mine Drainage -- Environmental Geochemistry of Radioactive Contamination -- The Medical Geochemistry of Dusts, Soils, and Other Earth Materials -- Worldwide Eutrophication of Water Bodies: Causes, Concerns, Controls -- Salinization and Saline Environments -- Acidification and Acid Rain -- Tropospheric Ozone and Photochemical Smog -- Volatile Fuel Hydrocarbons and MTBE in the Environment -- High-Molecular-Weight Petrogenic and Pyrogenic Hydrocarbons in Aquatic Environments -- Biogeochemistry of Halogenated Hydrocarbons -- The Geochemistry of Pesticides -- The Groundwater Geochemistry of Waste Disposal Facilities -- Appendices -- Appendix 1. Periodic Table of the Elements -- Appendix 2. Table of Isotopes -- Appendix 3. The Geologic Timescale -- Appendix 4. Useful Values -- Subject Index -- Authors.