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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A contribution to the natural history of breast cancer (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 231 (1982), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Small breast cancer ; Natural history of breast cancer ; Precursor of breast cancer ; Carcinogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among 898 breast carcinomas treated surgically between 1976 and 1980, exact microscopic measurement revealed 60 nodular breast carcinomas (6.7%) with a maximum diameter of 10 mm or less. Eleven of these lesions (1.2%) had a maximum diameter of 5 mm or less. Macroscopic diameter estimates were always 20–30% smaller than those measured by microscopy. These small tumours were seen in radiologically aimed biopsies or subcutaneous mastectomy specimens. Five minute breast cancers from the years 1971–1975 were included in the study. With the exception of a purely colloidal differentiated carcinoma, all small breast carcinomas were found in precancerous fields. Duct carcinoma in situ (60 out of 65) was far more prevalent than lobular carcinoma in situ (15 out of 65). Tubular differentiation in early invasive tumours was very frequently observed as were solid components or a mixture of both. All other forms of differentiation were rare. Thirty of the 65 small carcinomas were located at the edge of the parenchyma, a typical siting for breast carcinoma. Thirty-four of 65 small breast carcinomas had at their centre obliterated ducts with periductal elastosis. Twelve small carcinomas originated in preexisting “stellate scars”. Duct obliteration and periductal elastosis do not give rise to cancer but mark the site of active transformation and hence the “at-risk-zone” for cancerogenesis. One out of 16 tumours with a maximum diameter of 5 mm or less had an axillary metastasis, the figure was four out of 49 for carcinomas between 5 and 10 mm in diameter (and two of these metastases were multiple) and five out of 65 (7.7%) for all tumours not exceeding 10 mm in diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02110119
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlations of the receptor content and ultrastructure of breast cancer cells (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 231 (1982), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Steroid receptor ; Ultrastructure ; Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Receptor assay results were compared with the ultrastructure of 127 breast cancers (112 primary tumors, six recurrent lesions, nine metastases). Tumors were considered to be receptor positive if the receptor levels were ⩾ 15 fmol/mg of soluble tissue protein. Most breast cancer had heterogenous cells with different grades of ultrastructural differentiation. A prevalence of well-differentiated cancer cells and an abundance of intracytoplasmic vacuoles had a significant correlation with a positive estrogen receptor status. The correlation was better than between malignancy grades and receptor content. The type of breast cancer and the menopausal status bore no relation to receptor content. Progesterone receptors were found in well-differentiated tumors of low malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02110116
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endometriotic ureteric obstruction after hysterectomy (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 234 (1983), S. 149-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Endometriosis ; Ureteral endometriosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present a case report about ureteric obstruction due to endometriosis occurring two years after an abdominal hysterectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207687
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A contribution to the natural history of breast cancer (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 237 (1985), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Bilaterality ; Multicentricity ; Mammography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tissue from contralateral breast was taken from 505 patients with invasive breast cancer. Every 5th patient had simultaneous carcinom in the opposite breast, 7.7% (39/505) had invasive cancer, and 13.1% (66/505) had carcinoma in situ. Invasive cancers in the opposite breast were diagnosed at an earlier stage as compared with the neoplasm of the primary breast. However, 26% of the patients already had positive axillary nodes. The following risk indicators of the bilateral disease were found: age at time of diagnosis, histologic type of tumours, familial breast cancer, suspicious mammography, P2/DY-breast parenchymal pattern (Wolfe) and multicentric cancer of primary breast. Our findings support the proposal to consider bilaterality of breast cancer as a sign of systemic disease of the breasts, involving the ductal and lobular system within eight quadrants of a paired organ (Ober).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02199712
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A contribution to the natural history of breast cancer (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 231 (1982), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Basement membrane ; Early invasion ; Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-eight small breast cancers and 17 other breast cancer specimens from which appropriate semi-thin sections had been prepared were examined by electron microscopy and special staining techniques for alterations in the basement membranes and the basal lamina. In each case disruptions of the basement membranes were invariably observed at the point of initial invasion. Two types of invasion were noted: (1) bud-like protrusions of intraduct cancer with disruption of the basement membranes at the point of invasion; (2) extensive basement membrane defects with single cancer cell invasion. Our study confirms that invasive breast cancer originates in intraductal or lobular carcinoma in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02110120
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A contribution to the natural history of breast cancer (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 231 (1982), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Lobular carcinoma in situ ; Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied 52 patients with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) of the breast, tissue being available from both breasts in 46 patients. Detailed histological examination of the tissue was combined with specimen radiography. By this technique, six invasive cancers were detected within 2 years of the primary diagnosis. Five of these six carcinomas were clinically occult and were not suspected at specimen radiography. Three other invasive cancers were discovered 4 years, 7 years, and 10 years after diagnosing LCIS. The extent of the LCIS in the primary biopsy was the only feature which gave a guide to the possible presence and location of an occult invasive lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02110121
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete absence of the muscular layer of the ampullary part of the fallopian tubes (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 234 (1984), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An unusual uterine tube anomaly in a 33-year old Nigerian woman is described. The ampullae of both uterine tubes completely lacked the muscular layer. The peritoneum was in direct contact with the tubal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02113813
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Bedeutung der histologischen Aufarbeitung der Operationspräparate bei brusterhaltender Chirurgie beim Mammakarzinom (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 242 (1987), S. 281-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01783109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Mamillenbeteiligung beim Mammakarkinom (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 242 (1987), S. 288-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01783113
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotherapie beim metastasierten Mammakarzinom (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 242 (1987), S. 321-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01783133
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