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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4842-4845 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The viscosity of Pd77Cu6.5Si16.5 was measured from 995 to 1183 K by capillary flow method. In the experiment, fluxing of the molten specimen by boron oxide was necessary in order to inhibit the formation of crystallites at temperatures near its liquidus. It was found that the viscosity can be described very well by the following Vogel–Fulcher equation: ln η=−3.764+938.543/(T−726), where T is in K. No discontinuity in viscosity was observed at the thermodynamic melting temperature. Recently Tsao and Spaepen [Amorphous Materials: Modeling of Structure and Properties, edited by V. Vitek (The Metallurgical Society of AIME, New York, 1983), p. 323] determined the equilibrium viscosity of the same system near the glass transition temperature. It turned out that the viscosity data from the two regimes cannot be joined together by a single Vogel–Fulcher equation of constant parameters. Finally the present results were compared with those earlier viscosity data of Pd40Ni40P20 and Au77Ge13.6Si9.4 [D. E. Polk and D. Turnbull, Acta Metall. 20, 493 (1972)] to test the validity of the principle of corresponding states for atomic transport properties.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The viscosity of molten Pd82Si18 was measured from 1045 to 1210 K by capillary flow method. When the molten specimen was not purified in advance and during the experiment, its viscosity could not be determined for temperatures below the liquidus. On the other hand, in the presence of boron oxide flux, the viscosity could be measured up to an undercooling of 58 K below its liquidus and the entire viscosity can be described very well by the following Vogel–Fulcher equation: ln η=−3.779+(1102.135/T−684), where T is in K. No discontinuity is found at the liquidus. The present data were compared with those of other glass forming systems to test the validity of the principle of corresponding states for atomic transport properties.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4837-4841 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The viscosity of molten Pd40Ni40P20 was measured from 980 to 1160 K by capillary flow method. At temperatures below its liquidus ∼1030 K, the measurement was carried out with the molten specimen immersed in anhydrous boron oxide flux in order to inhibit the formation of small crystallites. In the presence of crystallites, the viscosity values were scattered and also were considerably larger than those of crystallite free liquid. The viscosity of crystallite free molten Pd40Ni40P20 can be described by the following Vogel–Fulcher equation: ln η=−4.072+1310.1/(T−551). The curve here cannot be joined to those viscosity data of Volkert and Spaepen [Mater. Sci. and Eng. 97, 449 (1988)] of the same system near the glass transition temperature by a single Vogel–Fulcher equation of constant parameters. Earlier, Polk and Turnbull [D. E. Polk and D. Turnbull, Acta Metall. 20, 493 (1972)] determined the viscosity of molten Au77Ge13.6Si9.4 also by the capillary method. Their results were compared with the current work and it was found that the principle of corresponding states apparently holds here and the reduced temperature is defined as T/Tg.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 105 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine the effect of labour on free oxygen radical activity in the fetus, as reflected by lipid peroxide levels in umbilical cord arterial blood.Design Prospective, observational study.Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.Methods Umbilical cord arterial and venous blood samples were collected from singleton term infants delivered by elective caesarean section. Base excess, PO2, pCO2, and pH were measured in both samples and compared to identify double venous samples. Cord arterial acid-base balance and concentrations of organic hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde were compared with those obtained from normal vaginal deliveries.Results Cord arterial blood samples, obtained from cases of uncomplicated labour followed by spontaneous vaginal delivery, had significantly higher lipid peroxide concentrations than those delivered following elective caesarean section. This was most marked for malondialdehyde with a median value increased by 105%, whilst organic hydroperoxide was increased by only 27%. Of the acid-base parameters, base excess was increased by 78%, with only minimal changes in pH, PCO2, and PO2. These differences remained highly significant after including other pregnancy characteristics in multivariate analysis.Conclusion The findings indicate that high levels of free oxygen radical activity in the fetus are a function of the labour process, as are changes in acid-base balance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 4932-4935 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The heat capacity of a-Si thin film prepared by electron beam evaporation method was measured from 360 to 820 K by a differential scanning calorimeter. For the as-prepared a-Si specimen, two novel irreversible endothermic processes and one irreversible broad exothermic reaction were found. The origins of the endothermic reactions were not known. It is suggested that they may be caused by a change in the number and distribution of voids that occurs at approximately 465 K and the creation of dangling bonds at the higher temperature regime ((approximately-greater-than)620 K). The exothermic reaction is attributed to heat release during structural relaxation. When measuring the heat capacity of a-Si, Ca-Sip, these irreversible reactions were first eliminated by annealing the specimens at high temperatures. The heat capacity of crystalline Si, Cc-Sip, was also measured and the difference, ΔCSip=Ca-Sip −Cc-Sip, was used to evaluate the thermodynamic melting temperature of the a-Si, Tal, which is determined to be 1400 K.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 110 (1992), S. 55-64 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: cholesterol ; cholesteryl esters ; murine muscular dystrophy ; fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations and cholesteryl ester fatty acid substituents have been measured during the first 10 weeks of life in tissues of normal and dystrophic mice. In normal Swiss and 129ReJ(+/?) mice the concentrations of both cholesterol and cholesteryl esters remain essentially constant in liver, increase in brain and fall sharply in both thigh (mixed fiber type muscles) and chest muscles (predominantly slow oxidative muscles) over this period. In all cases the concentration of free cholesterol exceeds that of esterified cholesterol. In dystrophic mice, similar patterns are found in brain and liver. In both thigh and chest muscles, however, the developmental pattern is significantly different. After an initial decrease the concentrations of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters increase rapidly with the largest increase occurring in the concentration of cholesteryl esters which by 10 weeks of age exceeds the concentration of cholesterol in chest muscle. During the same period the pattern of esterified fatty acids changes gradually in dystrophic tissues towards an increasing ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids. By 10 weeks of age this ratio is significantly higher in dystrophic tissues than normal in all tissues tested.
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