Note: Intro -- Related Titles -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Preface -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- Notation -- Symbols -- Greek Symbols -- Subscripts -- Definition of Dimensionless Parameters -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Development of Chromatography -- 1.2 Focus of the Book -- 1.3 Recommendation to Read this Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Fundamentals and General Terminology -- 2.1 Principles of Adsorption Chromatography -- 2.2 Basic Effects and Chromatographic Definitions -- 2.3 Fluid Dynamics -- 2.4 Mass Transfer Phenomena -- 2.5 Equilibrium Thermodynamics -- 2.6 Thermodynamic Effects on Mass Separation -- References -- Chapter 3: Stationary Phases and Chromatographic Systems -- 3.1 Column Packings -- 3.2 Selection of Chromatographic Systems -- References -- Chapter 4: Chromatography Equipment: Engineering and Operation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Engineering and Operational Challenges -- 4.3 Chromatography Columns Market -- 4.4 Chromatography Systems Market -- 4.5 Process Control -- 4.6 Packing Methods -- 4.7 Process Troubleshooting -- 4.8 Disposable Technology for Bioseparations -- References -- Chapter 5: Process Concepts -- 5.1 Discontinuous Processes -- 5.2 Continuous Processes -- 5.3 Choice of Process Concepts -- References -- Chapter 6: Modeling and Model Parameters -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Models for Single Chromatographic Columns -- 6.3 Modeling HPLC Plants -- 6.4 Calculation Methods -- 6.5 Parameter Determination -- 6.6 Experimental Validation of Column Models -- References -- Chapter 7: Model-Based Design, Optimization, and Control -- 7.1 Basic Principles and Definitions -- 7.2 Batch Chromatography -- 7.3 Recycling Chromatography -- 7.4 Conventional Isocratic SMB Chromatography -- 7.5 Isocratic SMB Chromatography under Variable Operating Conditions -- 7.6 Gradient SMB Chromatography. , 7.7 Multicolumn Systems for Bioseparations -- 7.8 Advanced Process Control -- References -- Appendix A: Data of Test Systems -- A.1 EMD53986 -- A.2 Tröger's Base -- A.3 Glucose and Fructose -- A.4 β-Phenethyl Acetate -- A.5 ß-Lactoglobulin A and B -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preparative Chromatography -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Notation -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Liquid Chromatography - its History -- 1.2 Focus of the Book -- 1.3 How to Read this Book -- 2 Fundamentals and General Terminology -- 2.1 Principles of Adsorption Chromatography -- 2.1.1 Adsorption Process -- 2.1.2 Chromatographic Process -- 2.2 Basic Effects and Chromatographic Definitions -- 2.2.1 Chromatograms and their Parameters -- 2.2.2 Voidage and Porosity -- 2.2.3 Influence of Adsorption Isotherms on the Chromatogram -- 2.3 Fluid Dynamics -- 2.3.1 Extra Column Effects -- 2.3.2 Column Fluid Distribution -- 2.3.3 Packing Non-idealities -- 2.3.4 Sources for Non-ideal Fluid Distribution -- 2.4 Mass Transfer Phenomena -- 2.4.1 Principles of Mass Transfer -- 2.4.2 Efficiency of Chromatographic Separations -- 2.4.3 Resolution -- 2.5 Equilibrium Thermodynamics -- 2.5.1 Definition of Isotherms -- 2.5.2 Models of Isotherms -- 2.5.2.1 Single-component Isotherms -- 2.5.2.2 Multi-component Isotherms -- 2.5.2.3 Ideal Adsorbed Solution (IAS) Theory -- 2.6 Thermodynamic Effects on Mass Separation -- 2.6.1 Mass Load -- 2.6.2 Linear and Nonlinear Isotherms -- 2.6.3 Elution Modes -- 2.7 Practical Aspects of Parameter Determination -- 2.7.1 Linearized Chromatography -- 2.7.2 Nonlinear Chromatography -- 3 Columns, Packings and Stationary Phases -- 3.1 Column Design -- 3.1.1 Column Hardware and Dimensions -- 3.1.2 Columns with Particles (Particulate Column Beds) -- 3.1.3 Columns with a Continuous Bed (Monolithic Columns) -- 3.1.4 Column Pressure Drop -- 3.1.5 Frit Design -- 3.2 Column Packings -- 3.2.1 Survey of Packings and Stationary Phases -- 3.2.2 Generic, Designed and Tailored Adsorbents -- 3.2.2.1 Generic Adsorbents -- 3.2.2.2 Tailored Adsorbents -- 3.2.2.3 Designed Adsorbents -- 3.2.3 Reversed Phase Silicas. , 3.2.3.1 Silanisation of the Silica Surface Objectives -- 3.2.3.2 Reversed Phase Packings with Polymer Coatings (Types of Polymer Coatings) -- 3.2.3.3 Physico-chemical Properties of Reversed Phase Silicas -- 3.2.3.4 Chromatographic Characterization of Reversed Phase Silicas -- 3.2.4 Cross-linked Organic Polymers -- 3.2.4.1 General Aspects -- 3.2.4.2 Hydrophobic Polymer Stationary Phases -- 3.2.5 Chiral Stationary Phases -- 3.2.6 Properties of Packings and their Relevance to Chromatographic Performance -- 3.2.6.1 Chemical and Physical Bulk Properties -- 3.3 Column Packing Technology -- 3.3.1 Characterization of the Column Bed Structure -- 3.3.2 Assessment of Column Performance -- 3.4 Column Testing -- 3.4.1 Test Systems -- 3.4.2 Hydrodynamic Properties and Column Efficiency -- 3.4.3 Mass Loadability -- 3.4.4 Comparative Rating of Columns -- 3.5 Column Maintenance and Regeneration -- 3.5.1 Cleaning in Place (CIP) -- 3.5.2 Conditioning of Silica Surfaces -- 3.5.3 Sanitization in Place (SIP) -- 3.5.4 Column and Adsorbent Storage -- 3.6 Guidelines for Choosing Chromatographic Columns and Stationary Phases -- 4 Selection of Chromatographic Systems -- 4.1 Definition of the Task -- 4.2 Properties of Chromatographic Systems -- 4.2.1 Mobile Phases for Liquid Chromatography -- 4.2.1.1 Stability -- 4.2.1.2 Safety Concerns -- 4.2.1.3 Operating Conditions -- 4.2.2 Adsorbent and Phase System -- 4.2.2.1 Normal Phase System -- 4.2.2.2 Reversed Phase Chromatography -- 4.3 Criteria for Choice of Chromatographic Systems -- 4.3.1 Choice of Phase System Dependent on Solubility -- 4.3.1.1 Improving Loadability for Poor Solubilities -- 4.3.1.2 Dependency of Solubility on Sample Purity -- 4.3.1.3 Generic Gradients for Fast Separations -- 4.3.2 Criteria for Choice of NP Systems -- 4.3.2.1 Pilot Technique Thin-layer Chromatography -- 4.3.2.2 Retention in NP Systems. , 4.3.2.3 Solvent Strength in Liquid-Solid Chromatography -- 4.3.2.4 Selectivity in NP Systems -- 4.3.2.5 Mobile Phase Optimization by TLC Following the PRISMA Model -- 4.3.2.6 Strategy for an Industrial Preparative Chromatography Laboratory -- 4.3.3 Criteria for Choosing RP Systems -- 4.3.3.1 Retention and Selectivity in RP Systems -- 4.3.3.2 Gradient Elution for Small amounts of Product on RP Materials -- 4.3.3.3 Rigorous Optimization for Isocratic Runs -- 4.3.3.4 Rigorous Optimization for Gradient Runs -- 4.3.3.5 Practical Recommendations -- 4.3.4 Criteria for Choosing CSP Systems -- 4.3.4.1 Suitability of Preparative CSP -- 4.3.4.2 Development of Enantioselectivity -- 4.3.4.3 Optimization of Separation Conditions -- 4.3.4.4 Practical Recommendations -- 4.3.5 Conflicts During Optimization of Chromatographic Systems -- 5 Process Concepts -- 5.1 Design and Operation of Equipment -- 5.1.1 Solvent and Sample Delivery System -- 5.1.1.1 HPLC Pumps -- 5.1.1.2 Gradient Formation -- 5.1.1.3 Eluent Degassing -- 5.1.1.4 Eluent Reservoir -- 5.1.1.5 Sample Injection -- 5.1.2 Chromatographic Column -- 5.1.3 Detection and Separation System -- 5.1.3.1 Solvent-sensitive Detectors -- 5.1.3.2 Fraction Collection -- 5.2 Discontinuous Processes -- 5.2.1 Isocratic Operation -- 5.2.2 Flip-flop Chromatography -- 5.2.3 Closed-loop Recycling Chromatography -- 5.2.4 Steady State Recycling Chromatography -- 5.2.5 Gradient Chromatography -- 5.3 Continuous Processes -- 5.3.1 Column Switching Chromatography -- 5.3.2 Annular Chromatography -- 5.3.3 Multiport Switching Valve Chromatography (ISEP/CSEP) -- 5.3.4 Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) Chromatography -- 5.3.5 SMB Chromatography with Variable Conditions -- 5.3.5.1 VariCol -- 5.3.5.2 PowerFeed -- 5.3.5.3 Partial feed -- 5.3.5.4 ISMB -- 5.3.5.5 ModiCon -- 5.3.6 Gradient SMB Chromatography. , 5.3.6.1 Solvent-gradient SMB Chromatography -- 5.3.6.2 Supercritical Fluid SMB Chromatography -- 5.3.6.3 Temperature-gradient SMB Chromatography -- 5.4 Guidelines -- 5.4.1 Scale -- 5.4.2 Range of k' -- 5.4.3 Number of Fractions -- 5.4.4 Example 1: Lab Scale -- Two Fractions -- 5.4.5 Example 2: Lab Scale -- Three or More Fractions -- 5.4.6 Example 3: Production Scale -- Wide Range of k' -- 5.4.7 Example 4: Production Scale -- Two Main Fractions -- 5.4.8 Example 5: Production Scale -- Three Fractions -- 5.4.9 Example 6: Production Scale -- Multi-stage Process -- 6 Modeling and Determination of Model Parameters -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Models for Single Chromatographic Columns -- 6.2.1 Classes of Chromatographic Models -- 6.2.2 Derivation of the Mass Balance Equations -- 6.2.2.1 Mass Balance Equations -- 6.2.2.2 Convective Transport -- 6.2.2.3 Axial Dispersion -- 6.2.2.4 Intraparticle Diffusion -- 6.2.2.5 Mass Transfer -- 6.2.2.6 Adsorption Kinetics -- 6.2.2.7 Adsorption Equilibrium -- 6.2.3 Ideal Equilibrium Model -- 6.2.4 Models with One Band-broadening Effect -- 6.2.4.1 Equilibrium Dispersive Model -- 6.2.4.2 Transport Model -- 6.2.4.3 Reaction Model -- 6.2.5 Lumped Rate Models -- 6.2.5.1 Transport Dispersive Model -- 6.2.5.2 Reaction Dispersive Model -- 6.2.6 General Rate Models -- 6.2.7 Initial and Boundary Conditions of the Column -- 6.2.8 Stage Models -- 6.2.9 Assessment of Different Model Approaches -- 6.2.10 Dimensionless Model Equations -- 6.3 Modeling HPLC Plants -- 6.3.1 Experimental Set-up and Simulation Flowsheet -- 6.3.2 Modeling Extra Column Equipment -- 6.3.2.1 Injection System -- 6.3.2.2 Piping -- 6.3.2.3 Detector -- 6.4 Numerical methods -- 6.4.1 General Solution Procedure -- 6.4.2 Discretization -- 6.5 Parameter Determination -- 6.5.1 Parameter Classes for Chromatographic Separations -- 6.5.1.1 Design Parameters. , 6.5.1.2 Operating Parameters -- 6.5.1.3 Model Parameters -- 6.5.2 Determination of Model Parameters -- 6.5.3 Evaluation of Chromatograms -- 6.5.3.1 Moment Analysis and HETP Plot -- 6.5.3.2 Parameter Estimation -- 6.5.3.3 Peak Fitting Functions -- 6.5.4 Detector Calibration -- 6.5.5 Plant Parameters -- 6.5.6 Determination of Packing Parameters -- 6.5.6.1 Void Fraction and Porosity of the Packing -- 6.5.6.2 Axial Dispersion -- 6.5.6.3 Pressure Drop -- 6.5.7 Isotherms -- 6.5.7.1 Determination of Adsorption Isotherms -- 6.5.7.2 Determination of the Henry Coefficient -- 6.5.7.3 Static Methods -- 6.5.7.4 Dynamic Methods -- 6.5.7.5 Frontal Analysis -- 6.5.7.6 Analysis of Disperse Fronts (ECP/FACP) -- 6.5.7.7 Peak-maximum Method -- 6.5.7.8 Minor Disturbance/Perturbation Method -- 6.5.7.9 Curve Fitting of the Chromatogram -- 6.5.7.10 Calculation of Mixture Behavior from Single Component Data -- 6.5.7.11 Data Analysis and Accuracy -- 6.5.8 Mass Transfer -- 6.6 Validation of Column Models -- 6.7 Modeling of SMB Processes -- 6.7.1 Process Principle -- 6.7.2 SMB Process Models -- 6.7.3 TMB Model -- 6.7.4 Comparison between TMB and SMB model -- 6.7.5 Process and Operating Parameters -- 6.7.6 Experimental validation -- 6.7.6.1 Introduction -- 6.7.6.2 Results -- 7 Model Based Design and Optimization -- 7.1 Basic Principles -- 7.1.1 Objective Functions -- 7.1.1.1 Characterization of Process Performance -- 7.1.1.2 Total Separation Cost -- 7.1.2 Degrees of Freedom -- 7.1.2.1 Classification of Optimization Parameters -- 7.1.2.2 Dimensionless Representation of Operating and Design Parameters -- 7.1.3 Scaling Up and Down -- 7.1.3.1 Influence of Different HETP Coefficients for Every Component -- 7.1.3.2 Influence of Feed Concentration -- 7.1.3.3 Examples for a Single Batch Chromatographic Column -- 7.1.3.4 Examples for SMB Processes -- 7.2 Batch chromatography. , 7.2.1 Fractionation Mode (Cut Strategy).

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Editors -- List of Abbreviations -- Notation -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Chromatography, Development, and Future Trends -- 1.2 Focus of the Book -- 1.3 Suggestions on How to Read this Book -- References -- Chapter 2 Fundamentals and General Terminology -- 2.1 Principles and Features of Chromatography -- 2.2 Analysis and Description of Chromatograms -- 2.2.1 Voidage and Porosity -- 2.2.2 Retention Times and Capacity Factors -- 2.2.3 Efficiency of Chromatographic Separations -- 2.2.4 Resolution -- 2.2.5 Pressure Drop -- 2.3 Mass Transfer and Fluid Dynamics -- 2.3.1 Principles of Mass Transfer -- 2.3.2 Fluid Distribution in the Column -- 2.3.3 Packing Nonidealities -- 2.3.4 Extra‐Column Effects -- 2.4 Equilibrium Thermodynamics -- 2.4.1 Definition of Isotherms -- 2.4.2 Models of Isotherms -- 2.4.2.1 Single‐Component Isotherms -- 2.4.2.2 Multicomponent Isotherms Based on the Langmuir Model -- 2.4.2.3 Competitive Isotherms Based on the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory -- 2.4.2.4 Steric Mass Action Isotherms -- 2.4.3 Relation Between Isotherms and Band Shapes -- 2.5 Column Overloading and Operating Modes -- 2.5.1 Overloading Strategies -- 2.5.2 Beyond Isocratic Batch Elution -- References -- Chapter 3 Stationary Phases -- 3.1 Survey of Packings and Stationary Phases -- 3.2 Inorganic Sorbents -- 3.2.1 Activated Carbons -- 3.2.2 Synthetic Zeolites -- 3.2.3 Porous Oxides: Silica, Activated Alumina, Titania, Zirconia, and Magnesia -- 3.2.4 Silica -- 3.2.4.1 Surface Chemistry -- 3.2.4.2 Mass Loadability -- 3.2.5 Diatomaceous Earth -- 3.2.6 Reversed Phase Silicas -- 3.2.6.1 Silanization of the Silica Surface -- 3.2.6.2 Silanization -- 3.2.6.3 Starting Silanes -- 3.2.6.4 Parent Porous Silica -- 3.2.6.5 Reaction and Reaction Conditions -- 3.2.6.6 Endcapping. , 3.2.6.7 Chromatographic Characterization of Reversed Phase Silicas -- 3.2.6.8 Chromatographic Performance -- 3.2.6.9 Hydrophobic Properties Retention Factor (Amount of Organic Solvent for Elution), Selectivity -- 3.2.6.10 Shape Selectivity -- 3.2.6.11 Silanol Activity -- 3.2.6.12 Purity -- 3.2.6.13 Improved pH Stability Silica -- 3.2.7 Aluminum Oxide -- 3.2.8 Titanium Dioxide -- 3.2.9 Other Oxides -- 3.2.9.1 Magnesium Oxide -- 3.2.9.2 Zirconium Dioxide -- 3.2.10 Porous Glasses -- 3.3 Cross‐Linked Organic Polymers -- 3.3.1 General Aspects -- 3.3.2 Hydrophobic Polymer Stationary Phases -- 3.3.3 Hydrophilic Polymer Stationary Phases -- 3.3.4 Ion Exchange (IEX) -- 3.3.4.1 Optimization of Ion‐Exchange Resins -- 3.3.5 Mixed Mode -- 3.3.6 Hydroxyapatite -- 3.3.7 Designed Adsorbents -- 3.3.7.1 Protein A Affinity Sorbents -- 3.3.7.2 Other IgG Receptor Proteins: Protein G and Protein L -- 3.3.7.3 Sorbents for Derivatized/Tagged Compounds: Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) -- 3.3.7.4 Other Tag‐Based Affinity Sorbents -- 3.3.8 Customized Adsorbents -- 3.3.8.1 Low Molecular Weight Ligands -- 3.3.8.2 Natural Polymers (Proteins, Polynucleotides) -- 3.3.8.3 Artificial Polymers -- 3.4 Advective Chromatographic Materials -- 3.4.1 Adsorptive Membranes and Grafted‐Polymer Membranes -- 3.4.2 Adsorptive Nonwovens -- 3.4.3 Fiber/Particle Composites -- 3.4.4 Area‐Enhanced Fibers -- 3.4.5 Monolith -- 3.4.6 Chromatographic Materials for Larger Molecules -- 3.5 Chiral Stationary Phases -- 3.5.1 Cellulose‐ and Amylose‐Based CSP -- 3.5.2 Antibiotic CSP -- 3.5.3 Cyclofructan‐Based CSP -- 3.5.4 Synthetic Polymers -- 3.5.5 Targeted Selector Design -- 3.5.6 Further Developments -- 3.6 Properties of Packings and Their Relevance to Chromatographic Performance -- 3.6.1 Chemical and Physical Bulk Properties -- 3.6.2 Morphology. , 3.6.3 Particulate Adsorbents: Particle Size and Size Distribution -- 3.6.4 Pore Texture -- 3.6.5 Pore Structural Parameters -- 3.6.6 Comparative Rating of Columns -- 3.7 Sorbent Maintenance and Regeneration -- 3.7.1 Cleaning in Place (CIP) -- 3.7.2 CIP for IEX -- 3.7.3 CIP of Protein A Sorbents -- 3.7.4 Conditioning of Silica Surfaces -- 3.7.5 Sanitization in Place (SIP) -- 3.7.6 Column and Adsorbent Storage -- References -- Chapter 4 Selection of Chromatographic Systems -- 4.1 Definition of the Task -- 4.2 Mobile Phases for Liquid Chromatography -- 4.2.1 Stability -- 4.2.2 Safety Concerns -- 4.2.3 Operating Conditions -- 4.2.4 Aqueous Buffer Systems -- 4.3 Adsorbent and Phase Systems -- 4.3.1 Choice of Phase System Dependent on Solubility -- 4.3.2 Improving Loadability for Poor Solubilities -- 4.3.3 Dependency of Solubility on Sample Purity -- 4.3.4 Generic Gradients for Fast Separations -- 4.4 Criteria for Choosing Normal Phase Systems -- 4.4.1 Retention in NP Systems -- 4.4.2 Solvent Strength in Liquid-Solid Chromatography -- 4.4.3 Pilot Technique Thin‐Layer Chromatography Using the PRISMA Model -- 4.4.3.1 Step (1): Solvent Strength Adjustment -- 4.4.3.2 Step (2): Optimization of Selectivity -- 4.4.3.3 Step (3): Final Optimization of the Solvent Strength -- 4.4.3.4 Step (4): Determination of the Optimum Mobile Phase Composition -- 4.4.4 Strategy for an Industrial Preparative Chromatography Laboratory -- 4.4.4.1 Standard Gradient Elution Method on Silica -- 4.4.4.2 Simplified Procedure -- 4.5 Criteria for Choosing Reversed Phase Systems -- 4.5.1 Retention and Selectivity in RP Systems -- 4.5.2 Gradient Elution for Small Amounts of Product on RP Columns -- 4.5.3 Rigorous Optimization for Isocratic Runs -- 4.5.4 Rigorous Optimization for Gradient Runs -- 4.5.5 Practical Recommendations -- 4.6 Criteria for Choosing CSP Systems. , 4.6.1 Suitability of Preparative CSP -- 4.6.2 Development of Enantioselectivity -- 4.6.3 Optimization of Separation Conditions -- 4.6.3.1 Determination of Racemate Solubility -- 4.6.3.2 Selection of Elution Order -- 4.6.3.3 Optimization of Mobile/Stationary Phase Composition, Including Temperature -- 4.6.3.4 Determination of Optimum Separation Step -- 4.6.4 Practical Recommendations -- 4.7 Downstream Processing of mAbs Using Protein A and IEX -- 4.8 Size‐Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) -- 4.9 Overall Chromatographic System Optimization -- 4.9.1 Conflicts During Optimization of Chromatographic Systems -- 4.9.2 Stationary Phase Gradients -- References -- Chapter 5 Process Concepts -- 5.1 Discontinuous Processes -- 5.1.1 Isocratic Operation -- 5.1.2 Gradient Chromatography -- 5.1.3 Closed‐Loop Recycling Chromatography -- 5.1.4 Steady‐State Recycling Chromatography (SSRC) -- 5.1.5 Flip‐Flop Chromatography -- 5.1.6 Chromatographic Batch Reactors -- 5.2 Continuous Processes -- 5.2.1 Column Switching Chromatography -- 5.2.2 Annular Chromatography -- 5.2.3 Multiport Switching Valve Chromatography (ISEP/CSEP) -- 5.2.4 Isocratic Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) Chromatography -- 5.2.5 SMB Chromatography with Variable Process Conditions -- 5.2.5.1 Varicol -- 5.2.5.2 PowerFeed -- 5.2.5.3 Partial‐Feed, Partial‐Discard, and Fractionation‐Feedback Concepts -- 5.2.5.4 Improved/Intermittent SMB (iSMB) -- 5.2.5.5 Modicon -- 5.2.5.6 FF‐SMB -- 5.2.6 Gradient SMB Chromatography -- 5.2.7 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) -- 5.2.7.1 Supercritical Batch Chromatography -- 5.2.7.2 Supercritical SMB processes -- 5.2.8 Multicomponent Separations -- 5.2.9 Multicolumn Systems for Bioseparations -- 5.2.9.1 Multicolumn Capture Chromatography (MCC) -- 5.2.9.2 Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) -- 5.2.10 Countercurrent Chromatographic Reactors. , 5.2.10.1 SMB Reactor -- 5.2.10.2 SMB Reactors with Distributed Functionalities -- 5.3 Choice of Process Concepts -- 5.3.1 Scale -- 5.3.2 Range of k′ -- 5.3.3 Number of Fractions -- 5.3.4 Example 1: Lab Scale -- Two Fractions -- 5.3.5 Example 2: Lab Scale -- Three or More Fractions -- 5.3.6 Example 3: Production Scale -- Wide Range of k′ -- 5.3.7 Example 4: Production Scale -- Two Main Fractions -- 5.3.8 Example 5: Production Scale -- Three Fractions -- 5.3.9 Example 6: Production Scale -- Multistage Process -- References -- Chapter 6 Modeling of Chromatographic Processes -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Models for Single Chromatographic Columns -- 6.2.1 Equilibrium Stage Models -- 6.2.1.1 Discontinuous Model According to Craig -- 6.2.1.2 Continuous Model According to Martin and Synge -- 6.2.2 Derivation of Continuous Mass Balance Equations -- 6.2.2.1 Mass Balance Equations -- 6.2.2.2 Convective Transport -- 6.2.2.3 Axial Dispersion -- 6.2.2.4 Intraparticle Diffusion -- 6.2.2.5 Mass Transfer Between Phases -- 6.2.2.6 Finite Rates of Adsorption and Desorption -- 6.2.2.7 Adsorption Equilibria -- 6.2.3 Equilibrium Model of Chromatography -- 6.2.4 Models with One Band Broadening Effect -- 6.2.4.1 Equilibrium Dispersion Model -- 6.2.4.2 Finite Adsorption Rate Model -- 6.2.5 Continuous Lumped Rate Models -- 6.2.5.1 Transport Dispersion Models -- 6.2.5.2 Lumped Finite Adsorption Rate Model -- 6.2.6 General Rate Models -- 6.2.7 Initial and Boundary Conditions of the Column -- 6.2.8 Dimensionless Model Equations -- 6.2.9 Comparison of Different Model Approaches -- 6.3 Including Effects Outside the Columns -- 6.3.1 Experimental Setup and Simulation Flow Sheet -- 6.3.2 Modeling Extra‐Column Equipment -- 6.3.2.1 Injection System -- 6.3.2.2 Piping -- 6.3.2.3 Detector -- 6.4 Calculation Methods and Software -- 6.4.1 Analytical Solutions. , 6.4.2 Numerical Solution Methods.

Note: Literaturangaben

Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 27-30

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Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 16EMO0203 , Verbundnummer 01173442 , Autoren dem Berichtsblatt entnommen , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Deutsch, Englisch