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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional Distribution in Rat Brain of 1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase and Its Localization to Specific Glial Cells (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A possible alternative route for production of a small glutamate pool in brain is from proline or ornithine to 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) and thence to glutamate. The conversion from ornithine to P5C is catalyzed by ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OrnT) whereas that from proline is catalyzed by proline oxidase (PrO). The conversion of P5C to glutamate is catalyzed by 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (PDH). Biochemical assays of PDH and PrO in various rat brain regions indicate no positive correlation between the two enzymes nor between either activity and high-affinity glutamate uptake or the regional distribution of OrnT. We have localized PDH and PrO histochemically by modifications of the Van Gelder [J. Neurochem.12, 231–237, (1965)] method for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase. The enzymes were found only in certain types of glial cells; the best stained were the Bergmann glial cells of the cerebellum but, for PDH, there was also good staining of astrocytes in the dentate area of the hippocampus. Since both these areas are believed to have heavy glutamate innervation and numerous GABA interneurons, these findings may reflect an alternative route of glutamate production in glial cells near some glutamate and/or GABA tracts but they do not support this as a possible route for glutamate formation in most brain regions. The findings do, however, provide further evidence for chemical specialization of glial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb10535.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Properties of Californium (1950)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 72 (1950), S. 4832-4835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01166a528
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Properties of Elements 99 and 100 (1954)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (1954), S. 6229-6236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01653a004
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating a woman's risk of having a pregnancy associated with Down's syndrome using her age and serum alpha-fetoprotein level (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 94 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The risk of an individual woman having a pregnancy associated with Down's syndrome was estimated from her age and her serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level at 14–20 weeks gestation. The estimates were made using published data on the risk of Down's syndrome in relation to maternal age from 4528 affected and over 5 million unaffected pregnancies, and on the risk in relation to serum AFP from 68 affected and 36 645 unaffected pregnancies. Separate estimates were derived for AFP levels using gestational age based (i) on the time since the first day of the last menstrual period and (ii) on an ultrasound biparietal diameter measurement. In each case this was done with and without adjusting AFP levels to take account of maternal weight. The same sources of data were also used to construct six Down's syndrome screening policies, each combining information on maternal age and serum AFP. For example with one policy the detection rate would be 28% and would involve selecting 2·8% of unaffected pregnancies for amniocentesis; using age alone the same detection rate could only be achieved by selecting 4·3% of unaffected pregnancies for amniocentesis—an increase of 50%. In general, screening for Down's syndrome using both maternal age and serum AFP is more efficient than either alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1987.tb03115.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood pressure and the menstrual cycle (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 92 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. A retrospective analysis of data from 207 non-pregnant premenopausal women showed that the mean level of systolic blood pressure varied with the stage of the menstrual cycle, being higher on days 17–26, the part of the luteal phase during which the peak of progestogen levels develops, than during the luteal phase as a whole, and significantly higher than the mean for all other days of the cycle. The mean levels were 125.4 mmHg (SE 1.76) for days 17–26, 122.5 (SE 1.25) for days 15–28 and 120.1 (SE 1.07) for days 1–16,27 and 28. This finding supported the hypothesis that endogenous progestogen might have a hypertensive effect, as does exogenous progestogen. However, a second study designed to confirm this finding failed to do so, showing no cyclical change in the level of blood pressure. The subjects in the first study may have been subject to greater psychological stress when the measurements were made than were those in the second, a possibility supported by the large difference in pressure between the two studies. The discrepancy between the two sets of results could be explained if the effect possibly associated with progestogen levels in the retrospective study was due not to a hypertensive action per se but to a progestogen-related increased reaction to stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb02995.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Properties of Berkelium (1950)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 72 (1950), S. 2798-2801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01162a538
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF SOY PROTEIN FLAKES AND ADDED WATER ON MICROBIAL GROWTH (TOTAL COUNTS, COLIFORMS, PROTEOLYTICS, STAPHYLOCOCCI) AND RANCIDITY IN FRESH GROUND BEEF (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ground beef and soy-beef mixtures were stored at 3°C, and microbiological enumerations and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) measurements conducted to investigate the effect of soy protein concentrate on ground beef shelf life. Soy-beef formulations have lower oxidation rates than the ground beef mixtures as indicated by lower thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values. At the end of 6 storage days, the soy-beef formulations had higher numbers of staphylococci, coliforms, proteolytics, and total organisms, but this was usually not statistically significant. The ground beef and tap water mixtures consistently gave the lowest counts of all enumerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1978.tb02287.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low serum cholesterol and the risk of cancer: an analysis of the published prospective studies (1991)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 2 (1991), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Data were analyzed from 33 prospective studies to assess the evidence for a long-term association of low serum cholesterol with cancer. In subjects with cancer diagnosed within two years of the cholesterol measurement or causing death within five years (n=4,661), the level of serum cholesterol was on average lower than in controls by 0.18 (SE=0.02) mmol/l in men and 0.11 (SE=0.04) mmol/l in women; this effect can be attributed to preclinical cancer. For cancers presenting after these intervals (n=22,030), the average differences were smaller but statistically significant (0.04 [SE=0.01] mmol/1 [P〈0.001] in men, and 0.03 [SE=0.01] mmol/1 [P=0.005] in women), equivalent to about a 15 percent increase in cancer incidence in the lowest cholesterol quintile. This cannot be attributed entirely to preclinical cancer. In men, there was significant (P=0.01) heterogeneity between studies as to the extent of a long-term association. The heterogeneity could be substantially explained by socioeconomic status, the association being pronounced in studies of manual workers but absent in studies of professional men. The overall long-term association was attributable mainly to lung cancer in men, and partly to hemopoietic cancers (representing prolongation of survival by treatment). Colon cancer and other cancers unrelated to smoking showed no long-term association with low cholesterol. The data collectively do not justify concern that lowering serum cholesterol to reduce ischemic heart-disease risk might cause cancer. The long-term association with lung cancer is probably caused by smoking and we propose a mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052142
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  • 9
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    Multivariable Mendelian Randomization: The Use of Pleiotropic Genetic Variants to Estimate Causal Effects (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: A conventional Mendelian randomization analysis assesses the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome by using genetic variants that are solely associated with the risk factor of interest as instrumental variables. However, in some cases, such as the case of triglyceride level as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it may be difficult to find a relevant genetic variant that is not also associated with related risk factors, such as other lipid fractions. Such a variant is known as pleiotropic. In this paper, we propose an extension of Mendelian randomization that uses multiple genetic variants associated with several measured risk factors to simultaneously estimate the causal effect of each of the risk factors on the outcome. This "multivariable Mendelian randomization" approach is similar to the simultaneous assessment of several treatments in a factorial randomized trial. In this paper, methods for estimating the causal effects are presented and compared using real and simulated data, and the assumptions necessary for a valid multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis are discussed. Subject to these assumptions, we demonstrate that triglyceride-related pathways have a causal effect on the risk of coronary heart disease independent of the effects of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
    Print ISSN: 0002-9262
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-6256
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Re: "Multivariable Mendelian Randomization: The Use of Pleiotropic Genetic Variants to Estimate Causal Effects" (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Print ISSN: 0002-9262
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-6256
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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