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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulated optical reflectance characterization of high temperature superconducting thin film microwave devices (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 8628-8635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The modulated optical reflectance (MOR) technique is shown to provide a room temperature, noncontact, nondestructive and high spatial resolution means of assessing high temperature superconducting (HTS) thin film quality. Room temperature MOR characterizations of a number of 8 GHz planar HTS resonators indicating a range of property variations and local degradations in HTS film performance are shown to be consistent with results obtained at low temperatures by the electron beam induced voltage contrast technique. The microwave performances of some of the resonators are found to exhibit nonlinear characteristics that can be explained by HTS defects revealed by the MOR technique. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373588
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PLANT ENGINEERING MEMOS (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 47 (1955), S. 103-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50541a013
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sugar levels in the pea epicotyl: Regulation by invertase and sucrose synthetase
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 9 (1970), S. 1023-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)85221-8
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The treaty of Waitangi and the Waitangi tribunal: Maori claims in New Zealand
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Geography 12 (1992), S. 176-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-6228
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0143-6228(92)90006-9
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of antibiotic and antiseptic prophylaxis of wound infection in acute abdominal surgery (1977)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 1 (1977), S. 777-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une étude prospective randomisée de l'infection des plaies après chirurgie abdominale d'urgence a comparé, chez 210 malades, les effets de l'administration systématique de deux antibiotiques actifs contre les germes intestinaux, de l'application d'iodure de povidone dans la plaie et de l'absence de tout traitement prophylactique. Les antibiotiques ont été administrés uniquement le jour de l'opération. Par rapport à l'absence de traitement, les deux types de prophylaxie réduisent de façon significative la fréquence des infections. Mais il n'y a pas de différence significative entre les effets des antibiotiques et ceux de l'iodure de povidone in loco. Par rapport aux antibiotiques, l'iodure de povidone offre un avantage: il n'y a pas de risque de développement d'une résistance bactérienne.
    Notes: Abstract A prospective, randomized trial of prophylaxis against wound infection in acute abdominal surgery was conducted in 210 patients comparing systemic administration of 2 antibiotics active against bowel organisms, topical administration of povidone iodine to the wound, and no prophylactic treatment. Prophylactic treatment was given only on the day of operation. There was a significant decrease in wound infection following both types of prophylactic treatment compared to no treatment. There was no significant difference in results between systemic treatment with antibiotics and povidone iodine sprayed into the wound. The advantage of topical treatment with povidone iodine over antibiotic treatment is that development of bacterial resistance is not a hazard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01555939
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  • 6
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    Costs and quality of life associated with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the UK: cohort analysis of patients in a cluster randomised trial (2015)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-01
    Description: Objectives Data on costs associated with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) are scarce. We provide estimates of UK healthcare costs, indirect costs and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients presenting to hospital with AUGIB. Setting Six UK university hospitals with 〉20 AUGIB admissions per month, 〉400 adult beds, 24 h endoscopy, and on-site access to intensive care and surgery. Participants 936 patients aged ≥18 years, admitted with AUGIB, and enrolled between August 2012 and March 2013 in the TRIGGER trial of AUGIB comparing restrictive versus liberal red blood cell (RBC) transfusion thresholds. Primary and secondary outcome measures Healthcare resource use during hospitalisation and postdischarge up to 28  days, unpaid informal care, time away from paid employment and HRQoL using the EuroQol EQ-5D at 28  days were measured prospectively. National unit costs were used to value resource use. Initial in-hospital treatment costs were upscaled to a UK level. Results Mean initial in-hospital costs were £2458 (SE=£216) per patient. Inpatient bed days, endoscopy and RBC transfusions were key cost drivers. Postdischarge healthcare costs were £391 (£44) per patient. One-third of patients received unpaid informal care and the quarter in paid employment required time away from work. Mean HRQoL for survivors was 0.74. Annual initial inhospital treatment cost for all AUGIB cases in the UK was estimated to be £155.5 million, with exploratory analyses of the incremental costs of treating hospitalised patients developing AUGIB generating figures of between £143 million and £168 million. Conclusions AUGIB is a large burden for UK hospitals with inpatient stay, endoscopy and RBC transfusions as the main cost drivers. It is anticipated that this work will enable quantification of the impact of cost reduction strategies in AUGIB and will inform economic analyses of novel or existing interventions for AUGIB. Trial registration number ISRCTN85757829 and NCT02105532.
    Keywords: Open access, Gastroenterology and hepatology, Health economics
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 7
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    Mothers may shape gorilla society (2016)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-21
    Description: When mothers continue to support their offspring beyond infancy, they can influence the fitness of those offspring, the strength of social relationships within their groups, and the life-history traits of their species. Using up to 30 years of demographic data from 58 groups of gorillas in two study sites, this study extends such findings by showing that mothers may also contribute to differences in social organization between closely related species. Female mountain gorillas remained with their sons for significantly longer than western gorillas, which may explain why male philopatry and multimale groups are more common among mountain gorillas. The presence of the putative father and other familiar males did not vary significantly between species, and we found only limited support for the socio-ecological theory that the distribution of adult males is influenced by the distribution of females. Within each gorilla species, variations in those distributions may also reflect the different stages in the typical life cycle of a group. Collectively, our results highlight the potentially far-reaching consequences of maternal support that extends beyond infancy, and they illustrate the opportunity to incorporate additional factors into phylogenetic analyses of variations in social organization, including studies of human evolution.
    Keywords: behaviour, ecology, evolution
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 8
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    Great Expectations: Reviewing 50 Years of Chemicals Legislation in the EU (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-22
    Description: This article is about how we look at EU chemicals law. It brings together the past and present of five decades of EU chemicals law in the hope that it may lead to a better understanding of the future potential and evolution of law in the area. The article tells a story of EU legislative centralisation, colonisation and standardisation. We argue that these historical trends have aroused certain expectations about the role and functioning of modern EU chemicals regulation in REACH. These expectations, we argue, are often unrealistically high, misplaced or at times unnecessarily low. The challenges set out in our article suggest that EU chemicals regulation in its current form is set up largely to fail. Moreover, we argue that these problems make a case for the radical reorientation of regulatory goals, values and practices and indicate that the biggest challenge in chemicals policymaking is not necessarily to meet expectations but to manage them more effectively.
    Print ISSN: 0952-8873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-374X
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Law
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Emergency supply of prescription-only medicines to patients by community pharmacists: a mixed methods evaluation incorporating patient, pharmacist and GP perspectives (2015)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-12
    Description: Objective To evaluate and inform emergency supply of prescription-only medicines by community pharmacists (CPs), including how the service could form an integral component of established healthcare provision to maximise adherence. Design Mixed methods. 4 phases: prospective audit of emergency supply requests for prescribed medicines (October–November 2012 and April 2013); interviews with CPs (February–April 2013); follow-up interviews with patients (April–May 2013); interactive feedback sessions with general practice teams (October–November 2013). Setting 22 community pharmacies and 6 general practices in Northwest England. Participants 27 CPs with experience of dealing with requests for emergency supplies; 25 patients who received an emergency supply of a prescribed medicine; 58 staff at 6 general practices. Results Clinical audit in 22 pharmacies over two 4-week periods reported that 526 medicines were requested by 450 patients. Requests peaked over a bank holiday and around weekends. A significant number of supplies were made during practice opening hours. Most requests were for older patients and for medicines used in long-term conditions. Difficulty in renewing repeat medication (forgetting to order, or prescription delays) was the major reason for requests. The majority of medicines were ‘loaned’ in advance of a National Health Service (NHS) prescription. Interviews with CPs and patients indicated that continuous supply had a positive impact on medicines adherence, removing the need to access urgent care. General practice staff were surprised and concerned by the extent of emergency supply episodes. Conclusions CPs regularly provide emergency supplies to patients who run out of their repeat medication, including during practice opening hours. This may aid adherence. There is currently no feedback loop, however, to general practice. Patient care and interprofessional communication may be better served by the introduction of a formally structured and funded NHS emergency supply service from community pharmacies, with ongoing optimisation of repeat prescribing.
    Keywords: Open access, General practice / Family practice, Health services research, Patient-centred medicine, Pharmacology and therapeutics, Qualitative research
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 10
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    Are lower levels of red blood cell transfusion more cost-effective than liberal levels after cardiac surgery? Findings from the TITRe2 randomised controlled trial (2016)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-03
    Description: Objective To assess the incremental cost and cost-effectiveness of a restrictive versus a liberal red blood cell transfusion threshold after cardiac surgery. Design A within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis with a 3-month time horizon, based on a multicentre superiority randomised controlled trial from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services in the UK. Setting 17 specialist cardiac surgery centres in UK NHS hospitals. Participants 2003 patients aged 〉16 years undergoing non-emergency cardiac surgery with a postoperative haemoglobin of 〈9 g/dL. Interventions Restrictive (transfuse if haemoglobin 〈7.5 g/dL) or liberal (transfuse if haemoglobin 〈9 g/dL) threshold during hospitalisation after surgery. Main outcome measures Health-related quality of life measured using the EQ-5D-3L to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Results The total costs from surgery up to 3 months were £17 945 and £18 127 in the restrictive and liberal groups (mean difference is –£182, 95% CI –£1108 to £744). The cost difference was largely attributable to the difference in the cost of red blood cells. Mean QALYs to 3 months were 0.18 in both groups (restrictive minus liberal difference is 0.0004, 95% CI –0.0037 to 0.0045). The point estimate for the base-case cost-effectiveness analysis suggested that the restrictive group was slightly more effective and slightly less costly than the liberal group and, therefore, cost-effective. However, there is great uncertainty around these results partly due to the negligible differences in QALYs gained. Conclusions We conclude that there is no clear difference in the cost-effectiveness of restrictive and liberal thresholds for red blood cell transfusion after cardiac surgery. Trial registration number ISRCTN70923932; Results.
    Keywords: Open access, Cardiovascular medicine, Evidence based practice, Health economics, Surgery
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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