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  • 1
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 Seiten, 2 MB) , Diagramme
    Language: German
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chitinase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase have been demonstrated in Meganyctiphanes norvegica and in Euphausia superba and partly characterized. The enzymes from both species have broad pH-optima (maxima around pH 5.0) and temperature optima between 40 and 50°C. The enzymes are relatively stable; even at about 45°C half of the enzyme activity is retained after 30 min incubation. The presence of fluoride does not affeet enzymatic activity. Chitinase activity appears in three different molecular masses, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidases in two different forms. pH and temperature optima, thermal stability and kinetic properties of the two enzymes are strikingly similar in the polar E. superba versus the boreal euphausiid M. norvegica. Enzyme activity in the lower temperature range is still high, whereas activation energies are low in both euphausiids. This suggests a functional adaptation to a low temperature range in seawater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 169 (1972), S. 271-280 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Planulae vonHydractinia, deren Metamorphose normalerweise durch bestimmte marine Bakterien induziert wird, wandeln sich ebenso in Primärpolypen um, wenn sie einem Li+-Puls ausgesetzt werden. Zur schnellen, vollzähligen und vollständigen Metamorphose müssen Konzentration und Behandlungszeit im optimalen Verhältnis gehalten werden. Als optimal erwies sich eine Dosis von 24 mM Li+ appliziert für 2 Std. Eine schwache Wirkung erzielt auch ein K+-Puls in der optimalen Konzentration von 96 mM. Die mögliche gemeinsame Wirkungsweise des bakteriellen Induktors und der Ionen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The planulae ofHydractinia, the metamorphosis of which normally is induced by certain bacteria, will undergo transformation into polyps also when exposed to a lithiumpulse. The optimal concentration and incubation period for rapid and complete transformation have been determined at 24 mM Li+ and 2 hrs respectively. 96 mM K+ applied for 2 hrs will also result in some induction. The possible mode of action exerted by the Li-ion as compared with induction caused by bacteria is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase ; Chironomus cell line ; Ecdysteroid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An epithelial cell line from Chironomus tentans exhibits acetylcholinesterase activity (specific activity 0.05–0.2 nkat/mg protein), which rises 30− to 40-fold after addition of 10−6 M 20-OH-ecdysone. The first visible increase occurs after 4 days of incubation with hormone. The enzyme has an apparent K m of 2.3±0.2×10−4 M for acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate and is inhibited by eserine and BW284 C51 (50% inhibition at 5×10−7 M for both inhibitiors) as well as by high concentrations of substrate, but not by tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. The sensitivity against inhibitors is the same in extracts from hormone-treated cells and from controls. The cholinesterase activity correlates with morphological changes (shape and cell arrangement) and is indepenent of neuronal differentiation. We therefore propose a function for this activity during morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 167 (1971), S. 325-335 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Prüfung der entwicklungsphysiologischen Gradiententheorie wird der Versuch unternommen, den “polarisierenden Induktor“ zu isolieren und anzureichern, der in Homogenaten von Hydra zugegen ist und als neurosekretorisches Produkt angesehen wird. Die Gelchromatographie wäßriger Extrakte liefert 2 Fraktionen, welche die Entwicklung überzähliger apikaler Strukturen (Tentakel und Mundkegel) hervorrufen: eine niedermolekulare Fraktion mit nur mäßiger Wirksamkeit und eine Hauptfraktion im mittelmolekularen Bereich mit starker animalisierender Kapazität. Entgegen dem Postulat der Gradiententheorie besteht keine Korrelation zwischen der applizierten Konzentration und der Qualität ausgelöster Formbildungen. Nur die Anzahl überzähliger Strukturen ist dosisabhängig. Die Analyse der biologischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Hauptfraktion bringt den Hinweis, daß das polarisierende Agens eine Hitze-stabile, Trypsin-sensitive Komponenteder Nesselgifte ist, die ihre animalisierende Wirkung in unspezifischer Weise zeitigt. Die Applikation isolierter, reiner Nesselgifte erhärtet diese Vermutung zum klaren Beweis. Ein Nebeneffekt des relevanten Gifts legt graduierte Gewebseigenschaften offen: Unter seinem Einfluß verwachsen die Testpolypen, sowie sie in Kontakt zueinander kommen. Hierbei verbinden sich vorzugsweise apikale Primordien mit apikalen Primordien, um stabile Parabiosen zu bilden. Diese Beobachtung mag die Bedeutung Kontakt-vermittelnder Oberflächenstrukturen für das polare Differenzierungsgeschehen anzeigen.
    Notes: Summary In order to prove the gradient hypothesis an attempt was made to isolate and accumulate the “polarizing inducer” present in homogenates of hydra and assumed to be a neurosecretory product. By means of gel chromatography two fractions were obtained which brought about the development of supernumary apical structures (tentacles and hypostomes) thus exhibiting the symptoms attributed to this polarizing agent: a low molecular fraction with only modest effectiveness and a main fraction with strong animalizing ability. Increasing the concentration affected only the quantity but not the qualitative properties of the structures produced, a result inconsistent with the postulate of the gradient hypothesis. By analysing the chemical and biological nature of the main agent and by applying pure isolated toxins compelling evidence is given that the inducer in question is nothing but a component of the nematocyst toxins. This component, being heat-stable and trypsin-sensitive, elicites its animalizing effect in unspecific means by disturbing the normal pattern of morphallactic events. A side effect with interest in respect of graded tissue properties could be recorded: by the influence of the relevant toxin, growing together of regenerating animals occurs whereby predominantly apical primordia fuse with apical primordia, thus forming stable parabioses. This observation may indicate the significance of surface bound, contact establishing components in polar differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Es werden Zuchtbedingungen für eine kontinuierliche Laborzucht des Süßwassercopepoden Cyclops vicinus beschrieben. 2. Die Dauer der Embryonalentwicklung ist in der für Cyclopiden bekannten Weise von der Temperatur abhängig. Isolierte Eiballen weisen eine Tendenz zu geringfügig beschleunigter Entwicklung auf. 3. Zunehmende Tageslänge, zunehmende Lichtintensität und abnehmende Temperatur verzögern die Häutungen. Die 3 Faktoren wirken während der gesamten postembryonalen Entwicklung und auf beide Geschlechter in gleicher Weise ein. Männchen zeigen in der Copepodidphase eine raschere Entwicklung als Weibchen. 4. Die Häutungsaktivität im Tagesverlauf zeigt ein Hauptmaximum in der Mitte der Hellphase und ein Nebenmaximum zu Beginn der Dunkelphase.
    Notes: Summary 1. Methods are described for continuous laboratory cultivation of the pelagic freshwater copepod Cyclops vicinus. 2. The embryonic development is temperature dependent in a manner typical of cyclopids. Isolated egg-sacs show a slight tendency to accelerated development. 3. Increasing day length, increasing light intensity and decreasing temperature delay the process of molting throughout the whole development, in both sexes. In the copepodid-phase development is faster in males than in females. 4. Molting activity shows a maximum in the middle of the light phase and a second maximum at the beginning of the dark phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 76 (1990), S. 283-288 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chitin is an important component of the exoskeleton of arthropods and of the egg shell in nematodes, but it does not occur in vertebrates. Therefore, it represents a useful target for drugs against ectoparasitic crustaceans, insects and endoparasitic nematodes. In this review we describe the basic characteristics of chitin, chitin synthesis and degradation and the hormonal regulation of chitin metabolism. Substances interfering with chitin metabolism like benzoylphenyl-urea derivatives but also some recently detected compounds are described. The necessity for a more detailed understanding of chitin metabolism and the establishment of better model systems, like e.g. chitin producing insect cell lines, is stressed and some examples are given in this review.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 128 (1978), S. 95-100 
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary From in vitro experiments using different binding assays it is in crayfish demonstrated that the cytosol of target tissues is able to bind both ecdysone and ecdysterone. The ability to bind ecdysteroids is destroyed by heating and by treatment with α-chymotrypsin and N-ethyl-maleinimide (NEM) (Figs. 4, 5). In target tissues there is a strong positive correlation between protein content and binding (Fig. 6). The association of the hormone-protein-complex is rapid, taking only a few min even at 5° C (Fig. 3). The binding of the two hormones to the cytosol is both specific and saturable. The association constants for the cytoplasmic receptors from hypodermis, hindgut and midgut gland are in the range of 3–6×107 M−1 for ecdysone and 5–7×108 M−1 for ecdysterone (Fig. 8). The data suggest the existence of cytoplasmic ecdysteroid receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 237-244 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ecdysteroids ; Insect hormones ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insect ovary ; Locusta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen sections of growing terminal follicles of the locust ovary were incubated with an ecdysteroid-specific rabbit antibody and the bound antibody visualised by the use of FITC-labelled goat-anti-rabbit antiserum. A bright fluorescence was seen in the cytoplasm of the follicle cells in terminal follicles with a length between 4.0 and 6.0mm with a maximum intensity at 5.5mm, indicating the presence of ecdysteroids in these cells in this particular developmental stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 16 (1991), S. 11-18 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: receptor ; antibody ; chitin ; acetylcholinesterase ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: RH 5849 competes with 3H-ponasterone A for ecdysteroid binding sites in Chironomus tentans cells with an about fourfold lower relative affinity as compared to 20-OH-ecydsone. It does not interfere with glucocorticoid and estrogen binding sites in vertebrates. It is also not recognized by an ecdysteroid antibody. RH 5849 exerts typical morphological and physiological effects ascribed to the action of 20-OH-ecdysone on C. tentans cells, namely an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity and an inhibition of chitin synthesis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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