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  • 1
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    Genome-wide association study of corticobasal degeneration identifies risk variants shared with progressive supranuclear palsy (2015)
    Naomi Kouri; Owen A. Ross; Beth Dombroski; Curtis S. Younkin; Daniel J. Serie; Alexandra Soto-Ortolaza; Matthew Baker; Ni Cole A. Finch; Hyejin Yoon; Jungsu Kim; Shinsuke Fujioka; Catriona A. McLean; Bernardino Ghetti; Salvatore Spina; Laura B. Cantwell; Martin R. Farlow; Jordan Grafman; Edward D. Huey; Mi Ryung Han; Sherry Beecher; Evan T. Geller; Hans A. Kretzschmar; Sigrun Roeber; Marla Gearing; Jorge L. Juncos; Jean Paul G. Vonsattel; Vivianna M. Van Deerlin; Murray Grossman; Howard I. Hurtig; Rachel G. Gross; Steven E. Arnold; John Q. Trojanowski; Virginia M. Lee; Gregor K. Wenning; Charles L. White; Günter U. Höglinger; Ulrich Müller; Bernie Devlin; Lawrence I. Golbe; Julia Crook; Joseph E. Parisi; Bradley F. Boeve; Keith A. Josephs; Zbigniew K. Wszolek; Ryan J. Uitti; Neill R. Graff-Radford; Irene Litvan; Steven G. Younkin; Li-San Wang; Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner; Rosa Rademakers; Hakon Hakonarsen; Gerard D. Schellenberg; Dennis W. Dickson
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-18
    Description: Article Corticobasal degeneration is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that can only be definitively diagnosed by autopsy. Here, Kouri et al. conduct a genome-wide-association study and identify two genetic susceptibility loci 17q21 ( MAPT ) and 3p12 ( MOBP ), and a novel susceptibility locus at 8p12. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8247 Authors: Naomi Kouri, Owen A. Ross, Beth Dombroski, Curtis S. Younkin, Daniel J. Serie, Alexandra Soto-Ortolaza, Matthew Baker, Ni Cole A. Finch, Hyejin Yoon, Jungsu Kim, Shinsuke Fujioka, Catriona A. McLean, Bernardino Ghetti, Salvatore Spina, Laura B. Cantwell, Martin R. Farlow, Jordan Grafman, Edward D. Huey, Mi Ryung Han, Sherry Beecher, Evan T. Geller, Hans A. Kretzschmar, Sigrun Roeber, Marla Gearing, Jorge L. Juncos, Jean Paul G. Vonsattel, Vivianna M. Van Deerlin, Murray Grossman, Howard I. Hurtig, Rachel G. Gross, Steven E. Arnold, John Q. Trojanowski, Virginia M. Lee, Gregor K. Wenning, Charles L. White, Günter U. Höglinger, Ulrich Müller, Bernie Devlin, Lawrence I. Golbe, Julia Crook, Joseph E. Parisi, Bradley F. Boeve, Keith A. Josephs, Zbigniew K. Wszolek, Ryan J. Uitti, Neill R. Graff-Radford, Irene Litvan, Steven G. Younkin, Li-San Wang, Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner, Rosa Rademakers, Hakon Hakonarsen, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Dennis W. Dickson
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Time scales of foam stability in shallow conduits: Insights from analogue experiments (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Volcanic systems can exhibit periodical trends in degassing activity, characterized by a wide range of time scales. Understanding the dynamics that control such periodic behavior can provide a picture of the processes occurring in the feeding system. Toward this end, we analyzed the periodicity of outgassing in a series of decompression experiments performed on analogue material (argon‐saturated silicone oil plus glass beads/fibers) scaled to serve as models of basaltic magma. To define the effects of liquid viscosity and crystal content on the time scale of outgassing, we investigated both: (1) pure liquid systems, at differing viscosities (100 and 1000 Pa s), and (2) particle‐bearing suspensions (diluted and semidiluted). The results indicate that under dynamic conditions (e.g., decompressive bubble growth and fluid ascent within the conduit), the periodicity of foam disruption may be up to several orders of magnitude less than estimates based on the analysis of static conditions. This difference in foam disruption time scale is inferred to result from the contribution of bubble shear and bubble growth to inter‐bubble film thinning. The presence of particles in the semidiluted regime is further linked to shorter bubble bursting times, likely resulting from contributions of the presence of a solid network and coalescence processes to the relative increase in bubble breakup rates. Finally, it is argued that these experiments represent a good analogue of gas‐piston activity (i.e., the periodical rise‐and‐fall of a basaltic lava lake surface), implying a dominant role for shallow foam accumulation as a source process for these phenomena.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4179–4194
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: foam disruption ; periodicity ; gas piston ; bubble growth ; bubble shear ; 04.08. Volcanology ; Experimental volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    The dynamics of explosive mafic eruptions: New insights from multiparametric observations - Chapter 9 (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-19
    Description: Multiparametric observations integrate signals from different techniques into a unified time and space frame, and are key in understanding and monitoring the evolution of volcanic systems and eruptive activity. Mafic explosive eruptions, with a relatively high frequency of occurrence and low intensity, allow for detailed multiparametric observations at a relatively close distance. Typically, pyroclast ejection in these eruptions is not steady, but is characterized by the occurrence of ejection pulses, linked to pressure release events and featuring a characteristic nonlinear decay of pyroclasts exit velocity. Pulse frequency, duration, and exit velocity define the dominant eruptive style, function of the volume and pressure of the released gas, conduit size, and magma rheological-mechanical properties. No important differences in pressure and velocity divide eruptions with different magnitude and style. Ejection pulses influence the geophysical signature, plume development, and the emplacement of ballistic volcanic projectiles at eruptions from Strombolian to Vulcanian styles.
    Description: Published
    Description: 379-411
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Keywords: Mafic eruption, Multiparametric monitoring, Eruption imaging, Volcano acoustic, Strombolian, Plume, Vent, Ballistic ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 4
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    Degassing behaviour at basaltic volcanoes: New insights from experimental investigations of different conduit geometry and magma viscosity (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-16
    Description: Understanding gas-magma dynamics in volcanic conduits and linking them with the associated geophysical signals at the surface is of fundamental importance in monitoring active volcanoes. In the past, a significant number of studies have been devoted to this topic, addressing the onset, the key factors governing each degassing regime and the related markers at the surface, particularly at basaltic volcanoes. Here, we first review such a broad and increasing literature, focusing on the main approaches used in the attempt of deciphering conduit dynamics by indirect observations: 1) analogue laboratory experiments; and 2) seismo-acoustic measurements. Then, we combine the two techniques into a novel set of experiments, addressing a crucial, yet unexplored, issue: the irregularity (i.e. the departure from an ideal smooth cylindrical shape) of the conduit surface. We built a set of epoxy conduits with various fractal dimensions (Dc; i.e. irregularity) of the internal surface, using silicone oil as a proxy for magma. Different degassing patterns (bubbly, slug and churn-annular flow) were reproduced by changing systematically: 1) injected gas flux (5 to 180×10−3 l/s); 2) analogue magma viscosity (10 to 1000 Pas); 3) fractal dimension (Dc) of the conduit surface (i.e. Dc=2, Dc=2.18 and Dc=2.99). The experiments were monitored by means of a video-camera and a set of sensor aimed to detect the seismic and acoustic signals. Results show that viscosity strongly influences the transition among degassing patterns and the recurrence rate of slug bursts at the surface. Moreover, we observed an increase of the exponent of the power law equation linking squared seismic amplitude to gas flow rate with conduit roughness; the opposite trend was noticed with increasing liquid viscosity. These results have important implications for linking seismic tremor to eruption source parameters such as the volume discharge rate at different volcanoes or for investigating its temporal evolution at a single vent.
    Description: Published
    Description: 317-336
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Timescales of water accumulation in magmas and implications for short warning times of explosive eruptions (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: Water plays a key role in magma genesis, differentiation, ascent and, finally, eruption. Despite the recognized crucial function of water, there are still several issues that continue to blur our view about its role in magmatic systems. What are the timescales of H2O accumulation in crystallizing magmas? What are the ascent rates of water-rich residual melts leading to explosive eruptions? Here, we track the timescale of water accumulation in a residual melt resulting from crystallization of a hydrous CO2-bearing magmatic mass stored at mid- to deep-crustal levels in a subduction-related geodynamic setting. Our results indicate that, after a repose period ranging from few to several thousand years, water-rich melts with water concentrations larger than 6-9 wt.% can migrate towards the Earth surface in very short timescales, on the order of days or even hours, possibly triggering explosive eruptions with short warning times and devoid of long-term geophysical precursors.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 770
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.08. Volcanology ; Petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Gas mobility in rheologically-layered volcanic conduits: The role of decompression rate and crystal content on the ascent dynamics of magmas (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Unravelling the rheological behaviour of magmas is fundamental for hazard assessment. At shallow depth the combined effects of degassing, vesiculation and crystallization are likely to produce dramatic changes in the rheology, hence modulating flow dynamics and eruptive style. The rheological evolution from a low viscosity crystal-poor, bubble-free, water-rich melt to a highly viscous crystal-rich, vesicular magma containing a water-poor melt often occurs in the conduit. To clarify the viscous flow dynamics of rheologically-layered volcanic conduits, we performed decompression experiments using a magma analogue system characterized by a low-viscous Layer L (10 Pas) at the bottom and a high-viscous particle-bearing Layer H (≥1000 Pas) at the top. Silicone oils and spherical glass beads are employed as magma and crystal analogues, respectively. Three sets of experiments address the effects of: 1) decompression rate (ca. 10−2 and 104 MPa/s); 2) crystal content in the high viscosity magma (0, 10, 30 and 70 vol.%); and 3) volume ratio of the two rheological layers (0.6 or 0.3). Our results indicate that decompression rate exerts the most dramatic role, yielding changes in time-scale of outgassing up to two orders of magnitude, and affecting the style of decompression response (permeable outgassing or fragmentation). The solid fraction 1) strongly modulates gas mobility, 2) influences the pervasiveness of fragmentation and 3) affects the extent of mingling in the experimental conduit. These results demonstrate that the properties of a shallow, partially-crystallized portion of the magmatic column and its response to varying ascent rate are primary controls on eruptive style.
    Description: Published
    Description: 115732
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Multiparametric approach to unravel the mechanism of Strombolian activity at a multivent system: Mt. Etna case study (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: On 5th July 2014 an eruptive fissure (hereafter referred to as EF) opened at the base of North-East Crater (NEC) of Mt. Etna. EF produced both Strombolian explosions and lava effusion. Thanks to the multiparametric experiment planned in the framework of MEDSUV project, we had the chance to acquire geophysical and volcanological data, in order to investigate the ongoing volcanic activity at EF. Temporary instruments (2 broadband seismometers, 2 microphones, 3-microphone arrays, a high-speed video camera and a thermal-camera) were deployed near the active vents during 15-16 July 2014 and were integrated with the data recorded by the permanent networks. Several kinds of studies are currently in progress, such as: frequency analysis by Fourier Transform and Short Time Fourier Transform to evaluate the spectral content of both seismic and acoustic signals; partitioning of seismic and acoustic energies, whose time variations could reflect changes in the volcanic dynamics; investigation on the intertimes between explosions to investigate their recurrence behaviour; classification of the waveforms, of infrasound events. Furthermore, joint analysis of video signals and seismic-acoustic wavefields outlined relationships between pyroclasts ejection velocity, total erupted mass, peak explosion pressure, and air-ground motion coupling. This multiparametric approach allowed distinguishing and characterizing individually the behavior of the two vents active along the eruptive fissure via their thermal, visible and infrasonic signatures and shed light in the eruptive dynamics.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Vienna (Austria)
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Keywords: multiparametric observation ; eruptive vent
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 8
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    Imaging the shallow volcanic conduit from magma analogue decompression experiments: their implication for volcanic eruptions and applications to numerical models (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Experimental volcanology is a powerful tool to reconstruct the dynamics of magmatic fluids within the conduit. More specifically analogue models, allow constraining the conduit dynamics by independently examine physical variables and their reciprocal relationships. Accurate scaling of the experiments to the natural systems is necessary to derive quantitative information on the studied processes. Here we present a suite of experiments investigating the decompressive response of magma analogues with different properties (i.e. fluid viscosity, suspended particle shape and/or content) and their scaling to the natural basaltic systems. In the experiments Ar-saturated silicone oils with different viscosities are used as proxies for volatile-bearing mafic magmas. Varying percentages of micrometric particles are added to the fluid to investigate the role of crystals content as well as crystal shape on the dynamics of the expanding flow. Through decompression, the degassing mixture is characterized by a regime of periodical oscillations of the bubbly front determined by phases of foam collapse and renewal. We find that time-scale of these oscillations has important implications for understanding the cyclical eruptive behaviour observed at basaltic volcanoes. Applicability of the experimental results to natural mafic systems has been verified in the scaling by using a set of a-dimensional numbers. The experimental dataset has been finally used to validate a numerical code implemented in the Openfoam framework. The original compressible multiphase solver twoPhaseEulerFoam was implemented to take into account the multicomponent nature of the fluid mixtures (liquid and gas) and their phase transition, as also reproduced in the experiments. Decompression experiments and their scaling to volcanic system provided fundamental information on the dynamics of volatiles within the shallow conduit. Furthermore, they are an invaluable tool to validate complex numerical codes for multiphase multicomponent mixtures.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna (Austria)
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Keywords: experimental volcanology ; decompression experiments
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 9
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    Experimental investigations on degassing behavior and related seismo-acoustic markers: the effect of complex conduit geometries (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: One of the main challenge in monitoring active volcanoes is understanding gas-magma dynamics in volcanic conduits and relating them with their geophysical markers at the surface. Accordingly, we combine here two main approaches used to investigate conduit dynamics via indirect observations, i.e. analogue laboratory experiments and seismo-acoustic measurements, and address a crucial, yet unexplored, subject: the irregularity (i.e. the departure from an ideal smooth cylindrical shape) of the conduit surface. To this aim, we developed a protocol to assemble epoxy conduits with different fractal dimensions (Dc; i.e. irregularity) of the internal surface, and used silicone oil as a proxy for magma. We investigated different degassing patterns, from bubbly to slug and churn-annular flow, by varying systematically: 1) injected gas flux (5 to 180x10-3 l/s); 2) analogue magma viscosity (10 to 1000 Pas); 3) fractal dimension (Dc) of the conduit surface (i.e. Dc=2, Dc=2.18 and Dc =2.99). The experiments were monitored by tracking the temporal evolution of sample expansion and outgassing periodicity through a video-camera and investigating the relative seismo-acoustic fingerprint by means of a set of dedicated sensors (i.e. microphone, piezo-films, accelerometer). Results show that viscosity strongly influences the transition among degassing patterns and the frequency of slug bursts at the surface. Furthermore, we noticed an increase of the exponent of the power law equation linking squared seismic amplitude to gas flow rate with conduit roughness; whereas the opposite trend was observed increasing the viscosity of the liquid phase. These results have fundamental implications for linking eruption source parameters such as the volume discharge rate to seismic data (i.e. volcanic tremor) at different volcanoes or for investigating their temporal evolution at a single vent.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Parma
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Keywords: analogue experiments ; fractal conduits
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 10
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    Lava fountaining activity: the Collapsing Foam Layer Model applied to the 2000 – 2013 South-East Crater eruptive period (Mt. Etna, Italy) (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Basaltic volcanoes constitute a big portion of the active volcanoes worldwide and their explosive activity, generally accompanied by eruptive columns formation and pyroclastic fallouts, produced, in the last decades, several damages on human’s life with great economical and aviation impact (Scollo et al., 2009; Bonaccorso et al., 2011). Is therefore not surprising the flourishing number of studies devoted to the investigation of the link between plumbing system dynamics and eruptive style. Basaltic eruptive activity may range in a widespread spectrum from lava effusion up to rare violent Plinian eruptions. However, the most iconic explosive activities of basaltic volcanoes are represented by Strombolian explosions and lava fountains. From 2000 to 2013 several were the episodic lava fountain eruptions taking place at South-East Crater and New South-East Crater (SEC and NSEC – Mt. Etna, Italy –) and a similar eruptive pattern (with gradual increase in explosivity marked by the passage from strombolian to fountain activity) was observed in almost all explosive events. To justify the onset, periodicity and the transition between the above-mentioned eruptive styles, different hypothesis on the degassing dynamics have been made. Here, we make use of a laboratory volcano, Mt. Etna, to test the validity of these assumptions and to calculate different volcanological parameters (e.g. erupted volume and gas flux in the plumbing system). In particular, we applied the Collapsing Foam layer (CF) model (Jaupart and Vergniolle, 1989) to the episodic lava-fountains eruptions occurred at the SEC-NSEC volcanic system between 2000 and 2013. First, we test the validity of CF model by studying the exceptional series of lava fountains observed in 2000 at SEC, with a multi-parametric approach and by assuming the CF model as the reference source model for this eruption, looking for the best parameters that allows to fit the observed pattern and eruptive behavior (e.g. intermittence time, erupted volume of lavas etc.). Secondly, we apply the CF model to three selected eruptions that took place at Mt. Etna south-eastern vents between 2000 and 2013 (the 2000, 2007-08 and 2011-13 eruptions).
    Description: Published
    Description: Parma
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Keywords: volcanology ; experimental
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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