Note: Front Cover -- Energy Management Principles -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword to the First Edition -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- Introduction -- Responding to a Crisis -- Purpose of this Book -- Defining Energy Management -- Energy Management and Demand-Side Management -- Energy Efficiency -- Fuel Switching and Distributed Energy Resources -- Load Management and Demand Response -- Terms to Avoid -- Energy Management Units -- Conclusions -- 2 Catalysts for Energy Management -- Introduction -- Growing Demand for Energy -- Energy Use by Sector -- Supply Constraints -- World Fossil Fuel Resources -- Other Energy Resources -- Environmental Impacts -- Policy and Regulatory Matters -- Carbon Policy -- Energy Costs -- Benefits of Energy Management -- Nonenergy Benefits -- A Look Back -- Conclusions -- 3 General Principles of Energy Management -- Introduction -- Approaches -- General Principles -- Review Historical Data -- Energy Audits -- Operation and Maintenance -- Analysis -- Economic Evaluation -- More Efficient Equipment -- More Efficient Processes -- Energy Containment -- Material Economy -- Substitute Materials -- Material Quality Selection -- Aggregation of Energy Uses -- Cascade of Energy Uses -- Energy Conversion and Energy Storage -- Conclusions -- 4 Planning For Energy Management -- Introduction -- Initiation and Planning Phase -- Importance of Management Commitment -- Energy Champions -- Addressing Institutional Barriers -- Audit and Analysis Phase -- Historical Review -- Energy Audit -- Energy and Economic Analyses -- Implementation and Continuous Assessment Phase -- Establishing Goals -- Prioritizing and Implementing Projects -- Inform, Train, and Motivate Personnel -- Measure, Verify, and Report Performance -- Continuous Program Assessment -- Conclusions. , 5 Understanding Utility Rates and Programs -- Introduction -- Electricity Rates -- Energy Charges -- Demand Charges -- Rate Adjustments -- Taxes and Fees -- Energy Management Opportunities for Electricity Charges -- Natural Gas Rates -- Coal and Fuel Oil Rates -- Energy Management Opportunities for Other Fuels -- Utility Programs -- Conclusions -- 6 Building and Site Energy Audits -- Introduction -- General Methodology -- Site Audits -- Electricity -- Steam -- Water, Compressed Air, and Other Utilities -- Summary -- Building Audits -- Varying Levels of Audits -- Conclusions -- 7 Energy Analysis -- Introduction -- Measures of Efficiency -- Factors Contributing to Inefficiency -- Appropriate Baseline Conditions -- Estimating Savings -- Engineering Algorithms -- Lighting Replacement -- Motor Replacement -- Unitary Air Conditioner Replacement -- Building Simulation and System Modeling -- Electric Load Analysis -- Parameters for Electric Load Analysis -- Conclusions -- 8 Management of Heating and Cooling -- Introduction -- General Principles of Energy Management in HVAC Systems -- Optimize Controls -- Manage Peak Demand -- Optimize Capacity -- Reduce the Load -- Heat and Cool People, Not Buildings -- Use Efficient Processes -- Use Efficient Equipment -- Operate Equipment Efficiently -- Use Passive Concepts -- Employ Heat Recovery -- Provide Energy Storage Capability -- The Requirements for Human Comfort and Health -- Basic Principles Governing HVAC System Operation -- Space Cooling Systems -- Space Heating Systems -- Fans -- Pumps -- Cooling Towers -- Analyzing Heating and Cooling Loads in Buildings -- Degree-Day Method -- Bin Method -- Building Simulation Software -- Codes and Standards -- Codes -- Standards -- Description of Typical Air Distribution Systems -- Reheat Systems -- Dual Duct System -- Multi-zone System -- Variable Air Volume System. , Passive and Active Beam Systems -- Energy Management Opportunities in HVAC Systems -- HVAC System Controls -- Space Cooling Systems -- Heat Pumps -- Other Space Heating Systems -- Fans -- Pumps -- Cooling Towers -- Ductwork -- Building Envelope -- Systems using Preheat or Reheat -- Dual Duct Systems -- Multi-zone Systems -- Economizer Systems and Enthalpy Controllers -- Heat Recovery -- Demand-Controlled Ventilation -- Thermal Energy Storage -- Retrocommissioning -- Conclusions -- 9 Lighting Management -- Introduction -- General Principles of Electrical Energy Management for Lighting -- Principle 1: Optimize Capacity -- Principle 2: Optimize Controls -- Principle 3: Use Passive Concepts -- Principle 4: Improve Operation and Maintenance -- Lighting System Design Considerations -- Lighting Regulations, Codes and Standards -- Overview of Lamp Types -- Incandescent -- Fluorescent -- Mercury Vapor -- Metal Halide -- Sodium Lamps -- Light Emitting Diodes -- Efficacy Comparison -- Energy Management Opportunities in Lighting Systems -- Lighting Survey -- Delamping -- Disconnect Ballasts -- Low Wattage Lamps -- Relamping -- Use the Most Efficient Light Source -- Improve Lighting Controls -- Use Task Lighting -- Make Effective use of Daylighting -- Use More Efficient Lenses to Reduce Losses -- Clean Luminaires to Increase Illumination -- Improve Room Color and Reflectivity -- Create an Energy Awareness Program -- Heat and Light -- Conclusions -- 10 Transportation -- Introduction -- History -- Recent Trends in Fuel Efficiency -- Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Vehicles -- How Vehicle Electrification Can Help -- Energy Management Opportunities -- Low-Cost Measures -- Commuting -- Vehicles -- Conclusions -- 11 Management of Process Energy -- Introduction -- Scope of This Chapter -- General Principles for Process Energy Management -- Approach. , Potential Savings and Benchmarking -- Process Heat -- Heat Transfer Mechanisms -- Combustion -- Fuel Quality and Excess Air -- Combustion Monitoring Equipment -- Burner Maintenance Procedures -- Waste Heat for Preheating Combustion Air and Feedwater -- Steam Generation and Distribution -- Hot Water and Water Pumping -- Direct- and Indirect-Fired Furnaces and Ovens -- Electric Heat Applications -- Transformers and Electrical Distribution Systems -- Three-Phase AC Circuits -- Electric System Losses -- Electric Motors and Drives -- Conversion of Electrical Energy to Mechanical Energy -- Variable Speed Drives -- EMOs with Motors -- Pumps and Fans -- Refrigeration and Process Cooling -- Electrolytic Systems -- Faraday's Laws -- Corrosion -- Welding -- Electrowinning -- Plating and Anodizing -- Electroforming, Electrochemical Machining -- EMOs in Electrolytic Processes -- Compressed Air -- Manufacturing Processes -- Agriculture and Food Processes -- Direct Uses -- Indirect Uses -- On-Farm Energy Production -- Food Processing -- Energy Storage for Process Industries -- Process Control -- Conclusions -- 12 Integrated Building Systems -- Introduction -- General Principles of Energy Management in Building Systems -- Environmental Conformation -- Effects of Climate -- Microclimate Important -- Building Function -- Occupancy and Use -- Passive Design Considerations -- Shading -- Building Configuration -- Building Orientation -- Building Envelope Design Considerations -- Glazing/Fenestration -- Infiltration/Exfiltration -- Reducing Building Heat Losses -- Reduction of Heat Gains -- Integration of Building Systems -- Peak Demand Control -- Energy Storage -- Cool Storage Techniques -- Heat Storage Techniques -- Electrical Energy Storage -- Cogeneration -- Sustainable Design and Green Buildings -- Sustainable Design -- Green Buildings and LEED Certification. , Conclusions -- 13 The Economics of Efficient Energy Use -- Introduction -- General Considerations -- Basic Concepts of Energy Studies -- Examples of Economic Analysis Methods -- Life-Cycle Costing -- Break-Even Analysis -- Cost of Money -- Benefit/Cost Analysis -- Payback Period Analysis -- Present Worth Analysis and Net Present Value -- Equivalent Annual Cost Analysis -- Capitalized Cost Analysis -- Internal Rate of Return -- Simplification of Analysis -- Advanced Economic Analyses -- Comparison of Methods -- Effect of Taxes and Escalation -- Financing Energy Management Projects -- Conclusions -- 14 Implementation and Continuous Assessment -- Introduction -- General Principles for Implementing and Assessing Energy Management Programs -- Establishing Goals -- Project Prioritization and Implementation -- Inform, Train, and Motivate Personnel -- Measurement, Verification, and Reporting -- M& -- V Plan -- M& -- V Standards -- Uniform Methods Project -- Energy Management Assessments -- Reporting -- Monitoring, Targeting, and Reporting -- Establish the Basis for an Ongoing Program -- Continuous Program Assessment -- Planning New Facilities for Energy Efficiency -- ISO Standard 50001 -- Conclusions -- Need for Assessment -- The Tragedy of the Commons -- Energy Management a Stewardship -- Appendix A: Abbreviations, Symbols, and Units -- Appendix B: Units and Conversion Factors -- Introduction -- Appendix C: Energy Management Data -- Index -- Back Cover.

Note: Front Cover -- Front Endpaper 1 -- Front Endpaper 2 -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Title Page -- Body Text -- Back Endpaper 1 -- Back Endpaper 2 -- Back Cover.

Note: Front Cover -- The Global Climate Crisis -- The Global Climate Crisis: What To Do About It -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Photos -- List of Textboxes and Special Reports -- Textboxes -- Special Reports -- Preface: Why read this book? -- Highlights -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms -- 1 - Introduction -- Highlights -- Introduction -- Should we be concerned about global warming? -- What about solar radiation? -- The greenhouse effect -- What are the greenhouse gases? -- What are the signs of global warming? -- What are the dangers of global warming? -- Can anything be done about global warming? See Textbox 1.1 -- 2 - Dealing with global warming -- Highlights -- What is the challenge? -- Latency is a huge problem -- Global warming is not obvious to the vast majority of people -- The global economy is powered by fossil fuels -- There is a need for unprecedented and perhaps unachievable international cooperation -- All of us will have to be willing to accept changes -- What can be done? -- One -- 3 - The earth as a system -- Highlights -- Incident solar radiation -- Milankovitch cycles -- More about the greenhouse effect -- Carbon cycle -- Temperature increase-land and sea -- 4- Fundamental drivers of global warming -- Highlights -- Global population rising -- Inequities: The early role of the United States and United Kingdom -- The pivotal position of the United States -- Need to consider both absolute and per capita emissions -- GDP growth and energy use are related -- More energy will be required by developing countries -- Findings -- 5 - Evidence for a warming planet -- Highlights -- Global warming is not a new idea -- Earth's temperature is rising -- Ocean temperatures are rising -- CO2 emissions are rising -- Correlation of increasing global temperature with increasing atmospheric CO2. , Sea levels are rising -- Ocean acidification is occurring -- A message from the Arctic? -- Greenland, polar ice caps, sea ice, and glaciers -- Greenland and polar ice -- Glaciers -- Permafrost is melting -- Extreme weather events are increasing -- Deserts and tropics are expanding -- Rising temperatures are causing plant, animal, and human migration -- Methane emissions -- Watching the evidence -- 6 - How do we know greenhouse gases are the issue? -- Highlights -- Where do greenhouse gases come from? -- What happens to CO2 emissions? -- The significance of carbon 14 -- Historic emissions since the Industrial Revolution -- Increases in atmospheric CO2 correlate with fossil fuel use -- What is your carbon footprint? -- 7 - What are the effects of global warming? -- Highlights -- Latency-How long before effects show up? -- Climate change versus weather -- Earth's temperature will continue to rise -- Air pollution will increase -- Sea level rise causes flooding -- Oceans becoming warmer and more acidic -- Glaciers, icecaps, and sea ice melt -- Subsidence occurs and permafrost melts -- Deserts and tropics expand -- Rising temperatures are causing species extinction and migration -- Extreme weather events are more frequent and severe -- Droughts and wildfires are increasing -- There are impacts on agriculture -- Deforestation -- Public health problems are increasing -- Global warming could cause a financial crisis -- National security implications -- Tipping points: Unanticipated changes can occur -- What can we say for sure? -- References -- 8 - International efforts to address global warming -- Highlights -- Early efforts1 -- History of IPCC global warming objectives2 -- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) -- IPCC reports -- The Paris Agreement5 -- United Nations emission gap reports -- UN Conferences of Parties. , The UN Secretary-General's observations at COP27 -- How is the world doing? -- The big three: Plans to reach net zero (China, United States, India) -- China -- United States -- India -- Outlook for other major emitters (Japan, Germany, Russia) -- Japan -- Germany -- Russia -- Two -- 9 - What would it take to stop global warming? -- Highlights -- Doing nothing is not an option -- Are we too late already? -- Can we stop global warming?2 -- What would it take? -- Effect of Nationally Determined Contributions -- What are the intergovernmental panel on climate change scenarios? -- Carbon capture -- What will happen if we do nothing? -- The high cost of doing nothing -- 10 - Energy alternatives -- Highlights -- Fossil fuels: Coal, oil, natural gas, and biofuels -- Nuclear power6 -- Renewable energy -- Energy storage -- Efficiency improvements -- Transportation -- Hydrogen -- Converting CO2 into useable liquid fuels -- Fusion -- Smart grids -- The micro grid -- 11- Why is global warming such a difficult problem to solve? -- Highlights -- The problem is much more difficult -- The need for unprecedented, perhaps unachievable, global cooperation -- Lessons from past successes need to be considered -- The National Highway System -- The Apollo program -- The channel tunnel -- Fossil fuels are heavily subsidized -- There has been a systematic campaign of misinformation -- Climate change deniers -- Understanding climate change skepticism -- Global warming has not been a media priority -- Public uncertainty and education -- A positive message is needed -- Public support for government action -- Why it is hard to replace fossil fuels? -- Recognizing political leaders can make mistakes -- Acknowledging that failure is a possibility -- 12 - Some successes and failures -- Highlights -- The Permian Basin, a renewable energy powerhouse -- 1970s oil price hikes. , Automobile emissions -- Hole in the ozone layer -- Cigarette smoking and cancer -- Europe's push for diesel vehicles -- Nuclear power in the United States -- Ethanol -- California high-speed rail -- Lessons learned -- Three -- 13 - Action plan: Efficiency, power, transportation, and land use -- Highlights -- An action plan, recognizing we can't get to net zero by 2050 -- Action plan summary -- Do we need another moon shot? -- The challenges of a global approach -- Critical need to improve electric grid reliability11 -- What does En-ROADS show? -- Game changers -- Can the IPCC goal of keeping global warming under 2°C be met? -- Why can't we do better? -- Improve carbon sequestration -- Silver bullets -- Mitigation -- Financial measures: cap and trade and carbon fee -- Cap and trade -- Carbon fee -- References -- 14 - Can it be done? -- Highlights -- The trend is our friend -- Can solar energy power the world? -- Can wind power the world? -- What would it cost? -- Can we afford it? -- Fossil fuel subsidies -- 15 - The way forward -- Highlights -- The future can be bright -- Need for a smooth transition -- Top priorities -- Government actions -- Actions for concerned citizens -- Actions for industry -- What next? -- Afterword -- Further reading -- Useful reports -- Useful websites -- Four - Appendices -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z -- Back Cover -- Backcover.

Note: Front Cover -- Energy Management Principles: Applications Benefits Savings -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- INTRODUCTION -- PURPOSE OF THIS BOOK -- APPROACHES TO ENERGY MANAGEMENT -- BENEFITS TO ENERGY USERS -- KEY ISSUES FOR ENERGY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH1 -- REGULATORY IMPLICATIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Perspective On World Energy Utilization -- INTRODUCTION -- WORLD ENERGY RESOURCES -- WORLD ENERGY USE -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE ON WORLD ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND -- Chapter 3. General Principles Of Energy Management -- INTRODUCTION -- ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN THE INDUSTRIALIZED WORLD -- APPROACHES -- ELEMENTS OF AN ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES -- CASE STUDIES -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. Planning For Energy Management -- INTRODUCTION -- PLANNING THE PROGRAM -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- Chapter 5. Building And Site Energy Audits -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL METHODOLOGY -- SITE SURVEYS -- BUILDING SURVEYS -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 5 ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM CHECKLIST -- Chapter 6. Energy Efficiency Analyses -- INTRODUCTION -- MEASURES OF EFFICIENCY -- FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO INEFFICIENCY -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- FOR ADDITIONAL READING -- Chapter 7. Management Of Heating And Cooling -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN HVAC SYSTEMS1 -- THE REQUIREMENTS FOR HUMAN COMFORT AND HEALTH -- DESCRIPTION OF TYPICAL SYSTEMS -- BASIC PRINCIPLES GOVERNING HVAC SYSTEM OPERATION -- ENERGY MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN HVAC SYSTEMS. , MODELING OF HEATING AND COOLING LOADS IN BUILDINGS -- CODES AND STANDARDS -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- FOR ADDITIONAL READING -- APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 7 BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS -- Chapter 8. Electrical Load And Lighting Management -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT -- BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LIGHTING SYSTEMS -- TYPICAL ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT -- LIGHTING POWER - FUNDAMENTALS OF SINGLE PHASE AC CIRCUITS -- ENERGY MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN LIGHTING SYSTEMS -- MOTIVE POWER: FUNDAMENTALS OF THREE-PHASE AC CIRCUITS -- ENERGY MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES WITH MOTORS -- CONVERSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY -- ELECTRIC HEAT -- ENERGY MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR ELECTRIC HEAT -- ELECTROLYTIC SYSTEMS -- ENERGY MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS -- ELECTRICAL LOAD ANALYSIS -- PARAMETERS FOR ELECTRIC LOAD ANALYSIS5 -- PEAK DEMAND CONTROL -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 8 BASICS OF ELECTRIC POWER -- Chapter 9. Management of Process Energy -- INTRODUCTION -- SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER -- PRINCIPLES FOR PROCESS ENERGY MANAGEMENT -- PROCESS HEAT -- COMBUSTION -- PROCESS ELECTRICITY -- OTHER PROCESS ENERGY FORMS -- ENERGY STORAGE FOR PROCESS INDUSTRIES7 -- PROCESS CONTROL -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. Integrated Building Systems -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN BUILDING SYSTEMS -- ENVIRONMENTAL CONFORMATION -- PASSIVE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS -- BUILDING ENVELOPE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS -- INTEGRATION OF BUILDING SYSTEMS -- ENERGY STORAGE -- INTEGRATED BUILDING SYSTEMS: THE FAMOUS UPINSMOKE PUBLIC UTILITY DISTRICT CASE STUDY -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. Use Of Computers For Energy Management -- INTRODUCTION. , ENERGY MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES INVOLVING COMPUTERS1,2 -- BASICS OF COMPUTER USE -- ANALYSIS -- CONTROL1 -- WHEN NOT TO USE COMPUTERS -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. The Economics Of Efficient Energy Use -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS -- BASIC CONCEPTS OF ECONOMY STUDIES -- EXAMPLES OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS METHODS -- LIFE-CYCLE COSTING -- BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS -- COST OF MONEY -- BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS -- PAYBACK PERIOD ANALYSIS -- PRESENT WORTH ANALYSIS -- EQUIVALENT ANNUAL COST ANALYSIS -- CAPITALIZED COST ANALYSIS -- PROSPECTIVE RATE OF RETURN -- SIMPLIFICATION OF ANALYSIS -- ADVANCED ECONOMY ANALYSIS -- COMPARISON OF METHODS -- USE OF COMPUTERS -- THE EFFECT OF TAXES AND ESCALATION -- FINANCING ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROJECTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. Assessment and Planning -- INTRODUCTION -- ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS -- INFORM, TRAIN, AND MOTIVATE PERSONNEL -- INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS -- REGULATORY ACTIONS -- PLANNING NEW FACILITIES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14. Energy Management In Cities Of The Future -- INTRODUCTION -- ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN EXISTING CITIES -- ELEMENTS OF AN ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR A CITY -- IMPLEMENTATION OF A MUNICIPAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN -- FUTURA, CALIFORNIA: A HYPOTHETICAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN -- SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA: A DO-IT-YOURSELF ENERGY PLAN EXERCISE -- CONCLUSIONS -- EXERCISES FOR THE STUDENT -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 14: Energy Data for the City of San Diego -- Chapter 15. Synopsis -- PURPOSE RESTATED -- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK -- ENERGY MANAGEMENT A STEWARDSHIP -- APPENDIX A: ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND THEIR UNITS -- APPENDIX B: UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS -- Introduction -- Conversion Factors. , APPENDIX C: POWER AND ENERGY MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES -- INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW -- ELECTRICAL ENERGY MEASUREMENTS1 -- STEAM MEASUREMENTS -- FUEL OIL ENERGY MEASUREMENT -- GAS ENERGY MEASUREMENT -- COMBUSTION MEASUREMENTS -- PROCESS ENERGY MEASUREMENTS -- ADVANCED METERING SYSTEMS -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX D: ENERGY MANAGEMENT DATA -- INDEX -- About the Author.

Note: Front Cover -- Reaching Net Zero -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Photographs -- Preface: Why read this book? -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- Should we be concerned about global warming? -- What about solar radiation? -- The greenhouse effect -- What are the greenhouse gases? -- What are the signs of global warming? -- What are the dangers of global warming? -- Can anything be done about global warming? -- 2 Addressing global warming -- Latency is a huge problem -- Global warming is not obvious to the vast majority of people -- The global economy is powered by fossil fuels -- There is a need for unprecedented and perhaps unachievable international cooperation -- All of us will have to be willing to accept changes -- U.S. participation is essential -- What can be done? -- I -- 3 The earth as a system -- Incident solar radiation -- Milankovitch cycles -- More about the greenhouse effect -- Carbon cycle -- Temperature increase -- 4 Fundamental drivers of global warming -- Global population rising -- Inequities: the early role of the United States and the United Kingdom -- The pivotal position of the United States -- Need to consider both absolute and per capita emissions -- Gross domestic product growth and energy use are related -- More energy will be required by developing countries -- 5 How do we know global warming is real? -- Global warming is not a new idea -- CO2 emissions are rising -- Earth's temperature is rising -- Correlation of increasing global temperature with increasing atmospheric CO2 -- Ocean temperatures are rising -- Sea levels are rising -- Ocean acidification is occurring -- A message from the Arctic? -- Glaciers, ice caps, and sea ice are melting -- The permafrost is melting -- Extreme weather events are increasing -- Deserts and tropics are expanding. , Rising temperatures are causing plant, animal, and human migration -- Early warning signs of global warming: a California case history -- 6 How do we know man-made CO2 is the issue? -- Where do man-made greenhouse gases come from? -- What happens to CO2 emissions? -- The significance of carbon-14 -- Historic emissions since the Industrial Revolution -- Increases in atmospheric CO2 correlates with fossil fuel use -- What is your carbon footprint? -- 7 What are the effects of global warming? -- Latency-how long before effects show up? -- Climate change versus weather -- Earth's temperature will continue to rise -- Air pollution will increase -- Sea levels rise causing flooding -- Oceans become more acidic -- Glaciers, ice caps, and sea ice melt -- Subsidence occurs and permafrost melts -- Deserts and tropics expand -- Species migration and extinction -- Frequency and severity of storms -- Impact on agriculture, droughts, loss of cropland, and wildfires -- Health problems will be more severe -- Could global warming cause a financial crisis or some other financial problem? -- National security implications -- Migrations caused by climate change -- Tipping points: unanticipated changes can occur -- 8 International efforts to address global warming -- Early efforts -- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change -- The Paris Agreement -- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change special reports -- History of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change global warming objectives -- II -- 9 What would it take to reach net zero? -- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change alternative scenarios -- What would it take? -- Are the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios realistic? -- Carbon removal -- What is a more likely scenario? -- Are we too late already? -- Doing nothing is not an option -- What will happen if we do nothing?. , The high cost of doing nothing -- 10 Energy alternatives -- Fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas -- Nuclear power -- Renewable energy -- 11 Unique problems of major contributors to global warming -- What can we learn from Germany? -- The United States fails to take a leadership position -- China-Will it be the leader? -- India-large population, little energy -- Japan-strong technological capabilities -- Russia-may not be a player -- Observations -- 12 Why is global warming such a difficult problem to solve? -- The need for unprecedented, perhaps unachievable, global cooperation -- Fossil fuels are heavily subsidized -- Educating the public -- The media have not dealt fairly with global warming -- Public uncertainty -- A positive message is needed -- Public support for government action -- Why it is hard to replace fossil fuels? -- Solving technical challenges -- The need for strong economies -- Understanding climate change skepticism -- Recognizing political leaders can make mistakes -- Acknowledging that failure is a possibility -- 13 Some successes and failures -- The Permian Basin, a renewable energy powerhouse -- 1970s oil price hikes -- Automobile emissions -- Hole in the ozone layer -- Cigarette smoking and cancer -- Europe's push for diesel vehicles -- Nuclear power in the United States -- Is there a future for nuclear power? -- Ethanol -- High-speed rail -- Lessons learned -- III -- 14 Action Plan: efficiency, power, transportation, and land use -- Do we need another moon shot? -- The challenges of a global approach -- An Action Plan, assuming we cannot get to net zero by 2050 -- Can the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's goal of keeping global warming under 2°C be met? -- Why can't we do better? -- Silver bullets -- Mitigation -- Carbon fee -- 15 Can it be done? -- The trend is our friend -- Can renewable energy power the world?. , Can wind power the world? -- What would it cost? -- Can we afford it? -- 16 The way forward -- The future can be bright -- Top priorities -- Government actions -- Actions for concerned citizens -- Actions for industry -- What next? -- Afterword -- Further reading -- Useful reports -- Useful websites -- IV Appendices -- Appendix 1: Abbreviations, units, and conversion factors -- Abbreviations -- Units and conversion factors -- Energy and GHG equivalencies -- Greenhouse gas equivalencies -- Appendix 2: The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere: sources and sinks -- Appendix 3: Will the IPCC goal of 450ppm be met? -- Appendix 4: Key parameters used to formulate Action Plan -- Appendix 5: Flood and sea rise mitigation -- Appendix 6: Financial measures -- Cap and Trade -- Fee and dividend -- Appendix 7: Activist and lobbying groups, litigation examples -- Activist groups -- Litigation -- Appendix 8: Excerpts from corporate annual reports -- Bank of America -- Olin Corporation -- Eli Lilly Corporation -- Verizon -- The Southern Company -- DuPont Corporation -- Caterpillar -- Home Depot -- Chevron Corporation -- Alliant Energy -- DTE Energy Inc -- UPS Corporation -- Wisconsin Electric (WEC Energy Group) -- Eaton Corporation -- Duke Power -- Corning Inc -- Index -- Back Cover.

Note: Cover -- Part title -- Title page -- Contents -- Why bugs? -- 1 Monsters in your bed -- 2 Gunk in your bathroom -- Make slime -- 3 Kitchen creatures -- Ant trails -- 4 Garden grommits -- Collecting beetles -- 5 Blue-blooded monsters -- 6 Creatures that bite and sting -- 7 Squirmy, slimy things -- 8 Body-snatchers -- 9 Good things about bugs -- About the authors/illustrator -- Thanks -- Glossary -- Where to find out more -- Index.