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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations in ENPP1 are associated with 'idiopathic' infantile arterial calcification (2003)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 34 (2003), S. 379-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC; OMIM 208000) is characterized by calcification of the internal elastic lamina of muscular arteries and stenosis due to myointimal proliferation. We analyzed affected individuals from 11 unrelated kindreds and found that IIAC was associated with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1221
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of hypertension in children (1994)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 8 (1994), S. 603-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Hypertension treatment ; Antihypertensive therapy, non-pharmacological ; Antihypertensive drug therapy ; Antihypertensive therapy, acute ; Converting enzyme inhibitors ; Calcium channel blockers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This review summarizes the current approach to antihypertensive therapy in children. It focuses on newer drugs, taking into account changes in clinical practice that have occurred since publication of the second Task Force report. Non-pharmacological therapy, including weight reduction, exercise, and dietary intervention, has great potential for the effective reduction of blood pressure. It should be introduced not only in patients with “significant” hypertension, but also in the care of patients with high normal blood pressure and to complement drug therapy for patients with “severe” hypertension. The goal of antihypertensive drug therapy is reduction of blood pressure to a level below the 95th percentile for age and sex. Attempts to rapidly achieve normal blood pressure immediately after starting therapy are contraindicated. The objective of emergency treatment is prevention of hypertension-related adverse events, and this usually requires only a modest reduction in blood pressure. Nifedipine has become the most commonly used drug for emergency treatment of asymptomatic children. Exceptionally severe elevations of blood pressure or the presence of symptoms should be treated with more potent intravenous drugs. The converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers currently are the primary agents for chronic treatment of hypertension in children. Diuretics are usually reserved for hypertensive patients with renal disease. β-Adrenergic blocking drugs also are effective but have a number of potential adverse effects. Prazosin generally is used as a second-line agent, if the above-noted drugs are ineffective. Although minoxidil is still one of the most effective antihypertensive agents, its associated adverse effects have limited its usefulness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00858144
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal artery stenosis in infants: long-term medical treatment before surgery (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 10 (1996), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Renal artery stenosis ; Hypertension ; Antihypertensive therapy ; Vascular surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report describes five infants (3 male, 2 female) with renal artery stenosis diagnosed in their 1st year of life. The age at initial presentation was 5 days to 10 months. All had symptoms of congestive heart failure, cardiomegaly on chest X-ray, and left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram or echocardiogram. Renograms were abnormal in four of the five infants. An intravenous pyelogram was obtained in three infants and was abnormal in two. Renal ultrasounds were obtained in two infants and were normal in both. Patients were treated for 4.4±0.9 years with antihypertensive drug therapy until surgical correction of the renal artery stenosis. Blood pressure was persistently elevated above the 95th percentile in four of the infants during the course of antihypertensive therapy prior to surgery. Patients have been followed for 9.4±2 years since surgery. The blood pressure of four patients is normal, and the blood pressure of the oldest patient (age 23 years) is borderline hypertensive. These data show that infants with renal artery stenosis can be cared for successfully with long-term antihypertensive drug therapy to preserve renal mass with minimal chronic adverse effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00862057
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of change of blood pressure in premature and full term infants from birth to 4 months (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 10 (1996), S. 152-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Premature infant ; Full-term infant ; Blood pressure ; Weight ; Length
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were evaluated in a cohort of 61 non-hypertensive premature [very low birth weight (VLBW),n=16; low birth weight (LBW),n=22] and full-term [normal birth weight (NBW),n=23] newborn infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and followed to their 4-month age-adjusted outpatient examination. All were receiving routine postnatal care by 7 days of age. Blood pressure was measured at 7 days of age, at discharge from the NICU, and at the outpatient examination. Simple linear regression of blood pressure on weight was used to fit a straight line to the three measurements for each infant and the average regression line for each birth weight group was then obtained. There was a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure and both weight and length at each of the measurement points and also between the change in systolic, blood pressure and change in weight from the discharge to the 4-month examination. Diastolic blood pressure tended to follow this same pattern. Gestational age was correlated significantly with the 7-day blood pressure, but postnatal age at the outpatient examination was not correlated with either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The average slopes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on weight (mmHg/kg body weight) were virtually identical for the LBW and NBW groups; in constrast, the average slope of the VLBW group was greater than the other two groups, and the difference was statistically significant for diastolic blood pressure. These results show significant group differences in mean blood pressure prior to 4 months of age between VLBW, LBW, and NBW groups and, for the VLBW infants, a steeper slope of the estimated regression line of blood pressure on weight between birth and 4 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00862059
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal artery stenosis in infants: long-term medical treatment before surgery (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 10 (1996), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key Words: Renal artery stenosis ; Hypertension ; Antihypertensive therapy ; Vascular surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This report describes five infants (3 male, 2 female) with renal artery stenosis diagnosed in their 1st year of life. The age at initial presentation was 5 days to 10 months. All had symptoms of congestive heart failure, cardiomegaly on chest X-ray, and left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram or echocardiogram. Renograms were abnormal in four of the five infants. An intravenous pyelogram was obtained in three infants and was abnormal in two. Renal ultrasounds were obtained in two infants and were normal in both. Patients were treated for 4.4±0.9 years with antihypertensive drug therapy until surgical correction of the renal artery stenosis. Blood pressure was persistently elevated above the 95th percentile in four of the infants during the course of antihypertensive therapy prior to surgery. Patients have been followed for 9.4±2 years since surgery. The blood pressure of four patients is normal, and the blood pressure of the oldest patient (age 23 years) is borderline hypertensive. These data show that infants with renal artery stenosis can be cared for successfully with long-term antihypertensive drug therapy to preserve renal mass with minimal chronic adverse effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00862057
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of change of blood pressure in premature and full term infants from birth to 4 months (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 10 (1996), S. 152-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Premature infant ; Full-term infant ; Blood pressure ; Weight ; Length
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were evaluated in a cohort of 61 non-hypertensive premature [very low birth weight (VLBW), n = 16; low birth weight (LBW), n = 22] and full-term [normal birth weight (NBW), n = 23] newborn infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and followed to their 4-month age-adjusted outpatient examination. All were receiving routine postnatal care by 7 days of age. Blood pressure was measured at 7 days of age, at discharge from the NICU, and at the outpatient examination. Simple linear regression of blood pressure on weight was used to fit a straight line to the three measurements for each infant and the average regression line for each birth weight group was then obtained. There was a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure and both weight and length at each of the measurement points and also between the change in systolic blood pressure and change in weight from the discharge to the 4-month examination. Diastolic blood pressure tended to follow this same pattern. Gestational age was correlated significantly with the 7-day blood pressure, but postnatal age at the outpatient examination was not correlated with either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The average slopes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on weight (mmHg/kg body weight) were virtually identical for the LBW and NBW groups; in contrast, the average slope of the VLBW group was greater than the other two groups, and the difference was statistically significant for diastolic blood pressure. These results show significant group differences in mean blood pressure prior to 4 months of age between VLBW, LBW, and NBW groups and, for the VLBW infants, a steeper slope of the estimated regression line of blood pressure on weight between birth and 4 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00862059
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renovascular hypertension presenting with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis (1990)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 4 (1990), S. 169-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Renovascular hypertension ; Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report describes two adolescents with severe hypertension secondary to renal artery stenosis who had evidence of a hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis in their initial laboratory evaluation. Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis is known to occur in approximately 16% of adults with renal artery stenosis but has not been well described in the pediatric literature. It is the result of excess aldosterone secretion stimulated by renal artery stenosis-mediated activation of the renin-angiotension system and by an increase in natriuresis from the contralateral, non-stenotic kidney. Although primary hyperaldosteronism must be considered in children with hypertension and hypokalemia, it is a rare disease in children. This report supports current recommendations that the initial focus of medical investigation in the severely hypertensive child should remain on the kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00858833
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