Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- CONTRIBUTOR LIST -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Section I: Isolation of Living Cells -- 1: Isolation and Enumeraton of Anaerobic and Microaerophilic Bacteria in Aquatic Habitats -- 2: Isolation and Cultivation of Hyperthermophilic Bacteria from Marine and Freshwater Habitats -- 3: Isolation of Psychrophilic Bacteria -- 4: Isolation and Characterization of Bactériocytes from a Bivalve-Sulfur Bacterium Symbiosis -- 5: General Techniques for the Isolation and Culture of Marine Protists from Estuarine, Littoral, Psammolittoral, and Sublittoral Waters -- 6: Long-Term Culture of Marine Benthic Protists -- 7: Behavior and Bioenergetics of Anaerobic and Microaerobic Protists -- 8: Culturing Free-Living Marine Phagotrophic Dinoflagellates -- 9: Enrichment, Isolation, and Culture of Free-Living Heterotrophic Flagellates -- 10: Determination of Pressure Effects on Flagellates Isolated from Surface Waters -- 11: Isolation, Cloning, and Axetiic Cultivation of Marine Ciliates -- 12: Isolation and Laboratory Culture of Marine Oligotrichous Ciliates -- 13: Extraction of Protists in Aquatic Sediments via Density Gradient Centrifugation -- Section II: Identification, Enumeration, and Diversity -- 14: Statistical Analysis of Direct Counts of Microbial Abundance -- 15: Enumeration and Isolation of Viruses -- 16: Total Count of Viruses in Aquatic Environments -- 17: Improved Sample Preparation for Enumeration of Aggregated Aquatic Substrate Bacteria -- 18: Direct Estimates of Bacterial Numbers in Seawater Samples Without Incurring Cell Loss Due to Sample Storage -- 19: Total and Specific Bacterial Counts by Simultaneous Staining with DAPI and Fluorochrome-Labe led Antibodies -- 20: Use of RFLPs for the Comparison of Marine Cyanobacteria. , 21: Use of High-Resolution Flow Cytometry to Determine the Activity and Distribution of Aquatic Bacteria -- 22: Phytoplankton Analysis Using Flow Cytometry -- 23: Enumeration of Phototrophic Pi coplankton by Auto fluorescence Microscopy -- 24: Estimating Cell Concentration and Biomass of Autotrophic Plankton Using Microscopy -- 25: Preservation and Storage of Samples for Enumeration of Heterotrophic Protists -- 26: Staining of Heterotrophic Protists for Visualization via Epifluorescence Microscopy -- 27: A Quantitative Protargol Slain (QPS) for Ciliates and Other Protists -- 28: Preparation of Pelagic Protists for Electron Microscopy -- 29: A Rapid Technique for the Taxonomy of Methanogenic Bacteria: Comparison of the Methylreductase Subunits -- 30: Extraction of DNA from Soils and Sediments -- 31: Detecting Gene Sequences Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction -- 32: Quantitative Description of Microbial Communities Using Lipid Analysis -- 33: Single Cell Identification Using Fluorescently Labeled, Ribosomal RNA-Specific Probes -- 34: Immunofluorescence Method for the Detection and Characterization of Marine Microbes -- Section III: Biomass -- 35: The Relationship Between Biomass and Volume of Bacteria -- 36: Microscope Methods for Measuring Bacterial Biovolume: Epifluorescence Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy -- 37: Measurement of Carbon and Nitrogen Biomass and Biovolume from Naturally Derived Marine Bacterioplankton -- 38: Use of Color Image Analysis and Epifluorescence Microscopy to Measure Plankton Biomass -- 39: Determination of Size and Morphology of Aquatic Bacteria by Automated Image Analysis -- 40: Analysis of Microbial Lipids to Determine Biomass and Detect the Response of Sedimentary Microorganisms to Disturbance. , 41: Total Microbial Biomass Estimation Derived from the Measurement of Particulate Adenosine-5'-Triphosphate -- 42: Microphytobenthic Biomass Measurement Using HPLC and Conventional Pigment Analysis -- 43: Microphotometric Analysis of the Spectral Absorption and Fluorescence of Individual Phytoplankton Cells and Detrital Matter -- 44: Measurement of Elemental Content and Dry Weight of Single Cells: X-Ray Microanalysis -- Section IV: Activity, Respiration, and Growth -- 45: Microautoradiographic Detection of Microbial Activity -- 46: 14C Tracer Method for Measuring Microbial Activity in Deep-Sea Sediments -- 47: Evaluating Bacterial Activity from Cell-Specific Ribosomal RNA Content Measured with Oligonucleotide Probes -- 48: Use of Fluorogenic Model Substrates for Extracellular Enzyme Activity (EEA) Measurement of Bacteria -- 49: Photoassimilation of Acetate by Algae -- 50: Starvation-Survival Strategies in Bacteria -- 51: Community Respiration Measurements Using a Pulsed O2 Electrode -- 52: Sediment Community Production and Respiration Measurements: The Use of Microelectrodes and Bell Jars -- 53: Distinguishing Bacterial from Nonbacterial Decomposition of Spartina alterniflora by Respirometry -- 54: Microbial RNA and DNA Synthesis Derived from the Assimilation of [2,3H]-Adenine -- 55: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Total Adenine Nucleotide (TAN) Pool Turnover Rates as Measures of Energy Flux and Specific Growth Rate in Natural Populations of Microorganisms -- 56: Estimating Production of Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton via Incorporation of Tritiated Thymidine -- 57: Thymidine Incorporation into DNA as an Estimate of Sediment Bacterial Production -- 58: Leucine Incorporation as a Measure of Biomass Production by Heterotrophic Bacteria -- 59: Estimating Conversion Factors for the Thymidine and Leucine Methods for Measuring Bacterial Production. , 60: Bacterial Production in Anaerobic Water Columns -- 61: Production of Heterotrophic Bacteria Inhabiting Marine Snow -- 62: Bacterial Growth Rates Measured by Pulse Labeling -- 63: Utilization of Amino Acids and Precursors for Amino Acid De Novo Synthesis by Planktonic Bacteria -- 64: Dialysis Bag Incubation as a Nonradio labeling Technique to Estimate Bacterioplankton Production In Situ -- 65: Growth Rales of Natural Populations of Heterotrophic Nanoplankton -- 66: The Labeled Chlorophyll a Technique for Determining Phoioaulotrophic Carbon-Specific Growth Rates and Carbon Biomass -- 67: Incorporation of 14C02 into Protein as an Estimate of Phytoplankton N-Assimilation and Relative Growth Rate -- 68: Membrane-Containing Fungal Mass and Fungal Specific Growth Rate in Natural Samples -- Section V: Organic Matter Decomposition and Nutrient Regeneration -- 69: Radiotracer Approaches for the Study of Plant Polymer Biodegradation -- 70: Estimating Degradation Rates of Chi tin in Aquatic Samples -- 71: Measurement of Dimethylsulfide (DMS) and Dimethylsulfoniopropionaie (DMSP) in Seawater and Estimation of DMS Turnover Rates -- 72: Sulfate Assimilation by Aquatic Microorganisms -- 73: Determination of Nitrogenase Activity in Aquatic Samples Using the Acetylene Reduction Procedure -- 74: Denitrification and Nitrification Rates in Aquatic Sediments -- 75: Turnover of 15NH4 " Tracer in Sediments -- 76: Microbial Cycling of Inorganic and Organic Phosphorus in the Water Column -- Section VI: Food Webs and Trophic Interactions -- 77: Approaches for Measuring Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes in Bacteria -- 78: Bacterial Sinking Losses -- 79: Methods for the Observation and Use in Feeding Experiments of Microbial Exopolymers -- 80: Protistan Grazing Rates via Uptake of Fluorescently Labeled Prey. , 81: Grazing Rale of Bacterioplanklon via Turnover of Genetically Marked Minicells -- 82: Estimating Rates of Growth and Grazing Mortality of Phytoplankton by the Dilution Method -- 83: Consumption of Protozoa by Copepods Feeding on Natural Microplankton Assemblages -- 84: Predation on Planktonic Protists Assessed by Immunochemical Assays -- 85: Absorption of Microbes by Benthic Macrofauna by the 14C:51Cr Dual-Labeling Method -- 86: Radioisotope Technique to Quantify In Situ Microbivory by Meiofauna in Sediments -- Index.