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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterochromatin differentiation and phylogenetic relationship of the A genomes in diploid and polyploid wheats (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 84-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum ; Heterochromatin ; Wheat evolution ; Diploids ; Polyploids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Heterochromatin differentiation, including band size, sites, and Giemsa staining intensity, was analyzed by the HKG (HCl-KOH-Giemsa) banding technique in the A genomes of 21 diploid (Triticum urartu, T. boeoticum and T. monococcum), 13 tetraploid (T. araraticum, T. timopheevi, T. dicoccoides and T. turgidum var. Dicoccon, Polonicum), and 7 cultivars of hexaploid (T. aestivum) wheats from different germplasm collections. Among wild and cultivated diploid taxa, heterochromatin was located mainly at centromeric regions, but the size and staining intensity were distinct and some accessions' genomes had interstitial and telomeric bands. Among wild and cultivated polyploid wheats, heterochromatin exhibited bifurcated differentiation. Heterochromatinization occurred in chromosomes 4At and 7At and in smaller amounts in 2At, 3At, 5At, and 6At within the genomes of the tetraploid Timopheevi group (T. araraticum, and T. timopheevi) and vice versa within those of the Emmer group (T. dicoccoides and T. turgidum). Similar divergence patterns occurred among chromosome 4Aa and 7Aa of cultivars of hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum). These dynamic processes could be related to geographic distribution and to natural and artifical selection. Comparison of the A genomes of diploid wheats with those of polyploid wheats shows that the A genomes in existing diploid wheats could not be the direct donors of those in polyploid wheats, but that the extant taxa of diploids and polyploids probably have a common origin and share a common A-genomelike ancestor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292321
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Intra-annual relationship between precipitation and forest disturbance in the African rainforest (2022)
    In:  Environmental Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-17
    Description: Analysis of forest disturbance patterns in relation to precipitation seasonality is important for understanding African tropical forest dynamics under changing climate conditions and different levels of human activities. Newly available radar-based forest disturbance information now enables an investigation of the intra-annual relationship between precipitation and forest disturbance in a spatially and temporally explicit manner, especially in the tropics, where frequent cloud cover hinders the use of optical-based remote sensing products. In this study, we applied cross-correlation on monthly precipitation and forest disturbance time series for 2019 and 2020 at a 0.5° grid in the African rainforest. We used the magnitude of the correlation and time lag to assess the intra-annual relationship between precipitation and forest disturbance, and introduced accessibility proxies to analyse the spatial variation of the relationship. Results revealed that a significant negative correlation between forest disturbance and precipitation dominates the study region. We found that significant negative correlations appear on average closer to settlements with overall smaller variations in travel time to settlements compared to grid cells with non-significant and significant positive correlation. The magnitude of the negative correlation increases as the travel time to settlements increases, implying that forest disturbances in less accessible areas are more affected by precipitation seasonality and that in particular human-induced disturbance activities are predominantly carried out in the drier months. Few areas showed a significant positive correlation, mainly resulting from natural causes such as flooding. These new insights in the interaction between forest disturbance, precipitation and accessibility provide a step forward in understanding the complex interactions that underlie the complexity of forest loss patterns that we can increasingly capture with Earth Observation approaches. As such, they can support forest conservation and management in coping with climate change induced changes of precipitation patterns in African rainforest countries.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Study of cation magnetic moment directions in Cr (Co) doped nickel ferrites (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: Powder samples of the ferrites M x Ni 1− x Fe 2 O 4 ( M  = Cr, Co and 0.0 ≤  x  ≤ 0.3) were prepared using a chemical co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the two series of samples had a single-phase cubic spinel structure. It was found that the magnetic moments ( μ exp ) per formula of samples measured at 10 K decreased when Cr substituted for Ni, but increased when Co substituted for Ni, in spite of the fact that the magnetic moments of Cr 2+ (4 μ B ) and Co 2+ (3 μ B ) are higher than that of Ni 2+ (2 μ B ). With the assumption that the magnetic moments of Cr 2+ and Cr 3+ lie antiparallel to those of the Fe, Co, and Ni cations in the same sublattices of spinel ferrites, the dependences on the Cr (Co) doping level of the sample magnetic moments at 10 K were fitted successfully, using the quantum-mechanical potential barrier model earlier proposed by our group. For the two series of samples, the fitted magnetic moments are close to the experimental results.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Inhibits Cardiac Hypertrophic Response to Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation [Articles] (2015)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-05
    Description: The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 plays critical roles in cardiovascular diseases, and its expression is markedly induced in the heart after beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activation. However, the functional significance of Nur77 in β-AR signaling in the heart remains unclear. By using Northern blot, Western blot, and immunofluorescent staining assays, we showed that Nur77 expression was markedly upregulated in cardiomyocytes in response to multiple hypertrophic stimuli, including isoproterenol (ISO), phenylephrine (PE), and endothelin-1 (ET-1). In a time- and dose-dependent manner, ISO increases Nur77 expression in the nuclei of cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of Nur77 markedly inhibited ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inducing nuclear translocation of Nur77 in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, cardiac overexpression of Nur77 by intramyocardial injection of Ad-Nur77 substantially inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction after chronic infusion of ISO in mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Nur77 functionally interacts with NFATc3 and GATA4 and inhibits their transcriptional activities, which are critical for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. These results demonstrate for the first time that Nur77 is a novel negative regulator for the β-AR-induced cardiac hypertrophy through inhibiting the NFATc3 and GATA4 transcriptional pathways. Targeting Nur77 may represent a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for preventing cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
    Print ISSN: 0270-7306
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5549
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 5
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    A splicing mutation in VPS4B causes dentin dysplasia I (2016)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-24
    Description: Background Dentin dysplasia I (DDI) is a genetically heterogeneous autosomal-dominant disorder characterised by rootless teeth with abnormal pulpal morphology, the aetiology of which presents as genetically heterogeneous. Methods and results Using a cohort of a large Chinese family with 10 patients with DDI, we mapped to a 9.63 Mb candidate region for DDI on chromosome 18q21.2–q21.33. We then identified a mutation IVS7+46C〉G which resulted in a novel donor splice site in intron 7 of the VPS4B gene with co-segregation of all 10 affected individuals in this family. The aberrant transcripts encompassing a new insert of 45 bp in size were detected in gingival cells from affected individuals. Protein structure prediction showed that a 15-amino acid insertion altered the ATP-binding cassette of VPS4B. The mutation resulted in significantly reduced expression of mRNA and protein and altered subcellular localisation of VPS4B, indicating a loss of function of VPS4B. Using human gingival fibroblasts, the VPS4B gene was found to act as an upstream transducer linked to Wnt/β-catenin signalling and regulating odontogenesis. Furthermore, knockdown of vps4b in zebrafish recapitulated the reduction of tooth size and absence of teeth similar to the tooth phenotype exhibited in DDI index cases, and the zebrafish mutant phenotype could be partially rescued by wild-type human VPS4B mRNA. We also observed that vps4b depletion in the zebrafish negatively regulates the expression of some major genes involved in odontogenesis. Conclusions This study identifies VPS4B as a disease-causing gene for DDI, which is one of the important contributors to tooth formation, through the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
    Keywords: Molecular genetics
    Print ISSN: 0022-2593
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-6244
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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  • 6
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    Determination of a Comprehensive Alternative Splicing Regulatory Network and Combinatorial Regulation by Key Factors during the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition [Articles] (2016)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-17
    Description: The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential biological process during embryonic development that is also implicated in cancer metastasis. While the transcriptional regulation of EMT has been well studied, the role of alternative splicing (AS) regulation in EMT remains relatively uncharacterized. We previously showed that the epithelial cell-type-specific proteins e pithelial s plicing r egulatory p roteins 1 (ESRP1) and ESRP2 are important for the regulation of many AS events that are altered during EMT. However, the contributions of the ESRPs and other splicing regulators to the AS regulatory network in EMT require further investigation. Here, we used a robust in vitro EMT model to comprehensively characterize splicing switches during EMT in a temporal manner. These investigations revealed that the ESRPs are the major regulators of some but not all AS events during EMT. We determined that the splicing factor RBM47 is downregulated during EMT and also regulates numerous transcripts that switch splicing during EMT. We also determined that Quaking (QKI) broadly promotes mesenchymal splicing patterns. Our study highlights the broad role of posttranscriptional regulation during the EMT and the important role of combinatorial regulation by different splicing factors to fine tune gene expression programs during these physiological and developmental transitions.
    Print ISSN: 0270-7306
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5549
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 7
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    Radiative lifetimes, branching fractions, transition probabilities and oscillator strengths of even-parity levels for Eu II (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-08
    Description: Radiative lifetimes for 30 even-parity levels in the 4f 6 5d6s, 4f 6 5d 2 and 4f 8 configurations with the energy range between 34923.43 and 57388.87 cm –1 of Eu II were measured by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (TR-LIF) method. Branching fraction measurements of seven levels for Eu II were performed based on the emission spectrum of a hollow cathode lamp. By combining the measured lifetimes and the branching fractions, absolute transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for 18 transitions were derived. The obtained results were compared with published data, and a basically good agreement was achieved.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Sensitivity of time-lapse seismic data to fracture compliance in hydraulic fracturing (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-04
    Description: We study the sensitivity of seismic waves to changes in the fracture normal and tangential compliances by analysing and numerically solving the fracture sensitivity wave equation, which is derived by differentiating the elastic wave equation with respect to the fracture compliance. The sources for the sensitivity wavefield are the sensitivity moments, which are functions of fracture compliance, background elastic properties and the stress acting on the fracture surface. Based on the analysis of the fracture sensitivity wave equation, we give the condition for the weak scattering approximation to be valid for fracture scattering. We study the sensitivity of P and S waves to fracture normal and tangential compliances, respectively, by separating the seismic wavefield and the sensitivity field into P and S components. In the numerical simulations of a single fracture in a homogeneous medium, we study the effect of fracture compliances, source incident angle and background elastic properties on the sensitivity field. We also discuss the sensitivity of seismic data to the compliances of vertical and horizontal fractures, respectively, for surface and borehole acquisitions. Under the weak scattering approximation, we find that the percentage change of fracture compliance in hydraulic fracturing is equal to the percentage change of the recorded time-lapse seismic data. This could provide a means for designing and interpreting experiments that can potentially be used to monitor the opening/closing of a fracture in hydraulic fracturing through time-lapse seismic surveys.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 9
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    Relationship between strong range spread F and ionospheric scintillations observed in Hainan from 2003 to 2007 (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: Data from a DPS-4 Digisonde and an ionospheric scintillation monitor, both located at the low-latitude station Hainan (109.1°E, 19.5°N; dip latitude 9°N), were analyzed to study the strong range spread F (SSF) and its correlation with ionospheric scintillations observed in the period of declining solar cycle 23 from 2003 to 2007. The results show that the maximum and minimum of the occurrence of SSF appeared in nearly the same months as those of the GPS L band scintillations. The variations in SSF occurrence were also similar to those of the scintillations. From 2003 to 2007, both the SSF and the scintillation occurrences decreased from the high solar activity year to the low solar activity year. The correlation coefficient between the occurrences of the SSF and the GPS L band scintillation was as high as 0.93, suggesting associated mechanisms producing SSF and scintillations. Electron density depletions extending from the bottomside to the topside ionosphere are the likely cause explaining the high correlation.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Opposing roles of TGF{beta} and BMP signaling in prostate cancer development [Research Communications] (2018)
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-20
    Description: SMAD4 constrains progression of Pten -null prostate cancer and serves as a common downstream node of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathways. Here, we dissected the roles of TGFβ receptor II (TGFBR2) and BMP receptor II (BMPR2) using a Pten -null prostate cancer model. These studies demonstrated that the molecular actions of TGFBR2 result in both SMAD4-dependent constraint of proliferation and SMAD4-independent activation of apoptosis. In contrast, BMPR2 deletion extended survival relative to Pten deletion alone, establishing its promoting role in BMP6-driven prostate cancer progression. These analyses reveal the complexity of TGFβ–BMP signaling and illuminate potential therapeutic targets for prostate cancer.
    Print ISSN: 0890-9369
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
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