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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-of-day variations in different measures of sleepiness (MSLT, pupillography, and SSS) and their interrelations (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 38 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The aim of the present study is to analyze how well physiological measures of sleepiness derived from pupillography and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test correlate with a subjective measure, the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) score. The results are based on data from 12 healthy participants, who underwent these tests every 2 hr from 7:00 a.m. until 11:00 p.m. Sleep latencies were correlated with four different variables derived from pupillography and the SSS score. The results indicate that the physiologically based variables correspond very well. This is reflected by similar patterns of time-of-day variations, a good agreement at the group level, and correlations at the individual level, whereas the SSS shows a quite different pattern of variation. The two physiological measures of sleepiness seem to reflect the same aspect of the level of tonic central nervous activation, which is not correlated with the subjective feeling of sleepiness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3850828
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The N-terminus promotes oligomerization of the Escherichia coli initiator protein DnaA (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 34 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Initiation of chromosome replication in Escherichia coli is governed by the interaction of the initiator protein DnaA with the replication origin oriC. Here we present evidence that homo-oligomerization of DnaA via its N-terminus (amino acid residues 1–86) is also essential for initiation. Results from solid-phase protein-binding assays indicate that residues 1–86 (or 1–77) of DnaA are necessary and sufficient for self interaction. Using a ‘one-hybrid-system’ we found that the DnaA N-terminus can functionally replace the dimerization domain of coliphage lambda cI repressor: a λcI-DnaA chimeric protein inhibits λ plasmid replication as efficiently as λcI repressor. DnaA derivatives with deletions in the N-terminus are incapable of supporting chromosome replication from oriC, and, conversely, overexpression of the DnaA N-terminus inhibits initiation in vivo. Together, these results indicate that (i) oligomerization of DnaA N-termini is essential for protein function during initiation, and (ii) oligomerization does not require intramolecular cross-talk with the nucleotide-binding domain III or the DNA-binding domain IV. We propose that E. coli DnaA is composed of largely independent domains — or modules — each contributing a partial, though essential, function to the proper functioning of the ‘holoprotein’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01568.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the Mouse Tyrosinase Promoter In Vitro and In Vivo (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Periodontology 2000 7 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The restricted expression of the tyrosinase gene in cells producing pigment suggests the presence of cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting tissue-specific factors. Since 270 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site contain sufficient information for tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression, we confined our analyses to this region. In this article, we discuss the recent results we have obtained on the regulation of the mouse tyrosinase gene expression demonstrating the existence of one negative and two positive-acting elements in vitro. We have evidence that the positive elements do not determine pigment production in vivo but rather modulate transcription of the mouse tyrosinase gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1994.tb00627.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The presence of two DnaA-binding sequences is required for an efficient interaction of the Escherichia coli DnaA protein with each particular weak DnaA box region (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 174 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using an electron microscopic method for visualizing interactions of the Escherichia coli DnaA protein with weak DnaA-binding DNA sequences, we found that DnaA binds effectively to two separated weak DnaA box regions located on the same DNA fragment. As expected, no DnaA-DNA interactions were detected when both DnaA box regions were mutagenized to the sequence totally incapable of binding DnaA. However, when only one of these two regions was mutagenized, the lack of interactions between DnaA and DNA was observed not only at the scrambled DnaA box but also at the second weak DnaA box region. These results indicate that for the efficient binding of DnaA to a weak DnaA box region, the presence of at least two such DNA sequences is necessary. Our finding also suggests that binding of DnaA protein to weak DnaA box sequences may be cooperative. In addition, we found that DnaA-mediated transcription termination in vivo requires two DnaA boxes, one of them is a weak one. It seems, therefore, that some mechanisms of regulation of transcription and DNA replication by DnaA, that involve interactions of DnaA with weak DnaA boxes, may be more complicated than initially proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13545.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of alcohols and temperature on the hopanoid content of Zymomonas mobilis (1986)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 25 (1986), S. 32-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The influence of different culture conditions on the hopanoid content of Zymomonas mobilis was investigated in batch cultures. With a gas-liquid chromatographic method it could be shown that the content of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane-29-hopane (THBH) reached a maximum value in the stationary phase due to the high level of ethanol accumulated in the medium. The hopanoid content increased sharply with the addition of ethanol to the culture. Ethanol was shown to be the most effective of the alcohols tested in causing an increase of the hopanoid content. Furthermore, an alteration of the incubation temperature from 14° to 37°C also caused an increase of the amount of hopanoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252509
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early diabetes and abnormal postnatal pancreatic islet development in mice lacking Glut-2 (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 17 (1997), S. 327-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] We inactivated Glut2 by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Fig. 1a shows the partial structure of Glut2 and that of the targeting vector. Results from Southern-, northern -and western-blot analysis (Fig. 1b-–e) show that the introduced mutation suppressed the expression of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1197-327
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early death due to defective neonatal lung liquid clearance in α ENaC -deficient mice (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 12 (1996), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The murine αENaC gene locus was inactivated by homologous recombination by deleting part of the amino-terminal segment of the protein, including the first transmembrane domain and part of the large ectocytoplasmic loop (Fig. la). At birth, the genotypic analysis of 189 newborn animals (from ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0396-325
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of ethanol on the activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A-reductase and squalene-hopene-cyclase in Zymomonas mobilis (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 30 (1989), S. 170-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The influence of different primary aliphatic alcohols on the activities of two key enzymes in hopanoid biosynthesis of Zymomonas mobilis was investigated. By use of 14C- and 3H-labelled substrates the enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-reductase and squalene-hopenecyclase were detected with activities of 1.6 pmol x (min x mg protein)-1 and 2.3 pmol x- (min x mg protein)-1, respectively. Cells grown in the presence of 6% (v/v) ethanol did not show higher activities of these enzymes than cells grown in the presence of 1% (v/v) ethanol. Furthermore, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-reductase was not activated by ethanol. However, ethanol activated the squalene-hopene-cyclase when added to the enzyme test system. Besides ethanol, propanol also had a positive effect on the squalene-hopene-cyclase: the enzyme's activity increased 1.7-fold in the presence of either alcohol at a concentration of 6% (v/v). This corresponded with a similar increase of hopanoid content of whole cells when grown in the presence of 6% (v/v) added ethanol or propanol. These results indicated that the squalene-hopene-cyclase has a regulatory function in the alcohol dependent hopanoid biosynthesis of Z. mobilis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264007
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of cellular proliferation and migration in the developing tectum mesencephali of the frog Rana temporaria and the salamander Pleurodeles waltl (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 273-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cell migration ; Cell proliferation ; Paedomorphosis ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Tectum mesencephali ; Pleurodeles waltl (Urodela) ; Rana temporaria (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of the tectum mesencephali was studied in the frog Rana temporaria and the salamander Pleurodeles waltl by means of nuclear staining and by labeling of cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). The general spatial and temporal pattern of cell proliferation and cell migration is the same in both species, despite drastic differences in overall tectal morphology. However, the salamander species differs from the frog species by (1) a generally lower cell proliferation rate, (2) a reduction in the activity of the lateral proliferation zone, and (3) a reduction in the formation of superficial cellular layers. Because point (3) affects processes that occur late in ontogeny, our experiments provide evidence that the simple morphology of the tectum of Pleurodeles waltl, compared with the multilayered tectum of Rana, is a consequence of a paedomorphic alteration of the ancestral developmental pattern of the amphibian tectum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302733
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olfactory and vomeronasal projections and the pathway of the nervus terminalis in ten species of salamanders (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Olfactory projections ; Vomeronasal projections ; Nervus terminalis ; HRP transport ; Salamanders (Salamandra salamandra, Desmognathus ochrophaeus, Bolitoglossa subpalmata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Primary olfactory and vomeronasal projections as well as the pathway of the nervus terminalis were studied in 10 representative species of salamandrid and plethodontid salamanders by means of injections of horseradish peroxidase and examination of whole-mount preparations. Olfactory projections are very similar in the different urodeles, but vomeronasal projections differ in shape and number of termination fields. Whereas the direct-developing Plethodontini and Bolitoglossini reveal only one or two fields, the salamandrid species and the members of the plethodontid tribes Desmognathinae and Hemidactyliini, all possessing an aquatic larval stage, exhibit several vomeronasal projection fields. In all species examined centrifugal axons of the nervus terminalis leave the olfactory projection area ventrocaudally and terminate in the preoptic region and the hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215445
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