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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-02
    Description: The effect of increasing hydrostatic pressure on the microbial degradation, the organic matter composition, and the microbiome of 'marine snow' particles was studied in laboratory incubation experiments. Model aggregates were produced from the diatom Skeletonema marinoi and the natural microbial community of surface seawater collected in the Kattegat. The aggregates were incubated individually in rotating pressure and control tanks to keep them suspended during 20-day incubations in the dark and at 3°C. In the pressure tanks, hydrostatic pressure was increased at increments of 5 MPa per day to finally reach 100 MPa. This pressure scheme simulates the descent of diatom aggregates from the surface ocean down into a 10-km deep hadal trench. In the control tanks, pressure always remained at atmospheric level. Aerobic respiration was continuously measured as a proxy for oxidative carbon mineralization in the aggregates (Stief et al. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11791). Leakage of dissolved organic carbon was monitored as an additional carbon loss term. The contents of different diatom lipids and photopigments were measured throughout the incubation. The succession of microbial (mainly bacterial) communities associated with the sinking diatom aggregates was followed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing throughout the incubation; the corresponding data are deposited in the NCBI short-read archive under the accession number PRJNA976707.
    Keywords: biological carbon pump; Deep sea; Diatom; Hadal trench; hydrostatic pressure; lipids; marine carbon cycle; marine snow; microbial community; pigments; Respiration
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 15 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Water samples were collected using 7.5-Liter Niskin bottles and fixed with 25% electron microscopy graded glutaraldehyde (1% final concentration) and stored at -80°C until quantification by flow cytometry. Samples were measured in triplicates using a BD FACSCanto™ II flow cytometer, after staining with SYBR Green I (Brussaard 2004). The flow rate was 5–7 μl/min, as determined by BD Trucount™ Beads. The laser settings and gating examples can be found in the Supporting Information of Schauberger et al. (2021).
    Keywords: Abundance; Bacteria; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; Deep sea; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Flow cytometry system, Becton Dickinson, FACSCanto II; Hadal trench; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Microbial abundance, cells; Microbial abundance, standard deviation; prokaryote; SO261; SO261_108-1; SO261_110-1; SO261_19-1; SO261_34-1; SO261_47-1; SO261_62-1; SO261_7-2; SO261_74-1; SO261_80-1; SO261_83-1; Sonne_2; Station label; Viral abundance; Viral abundance, standard deviation; virus-like particles; Water sample; WS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 658 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Sediment cores were collected using a multicorer (MUC). Microbes and virus-like particles were extracted from sediments in a 3°C room using a modified version of the washing protocol of Danovaro and Middelboe, 2010 (see Schauberger et al., 2021). After the washing procedure, the extracted microbial cells and virus-like particles were fixed with 25% glutaraldehyde (1% final concentration) and stored at −80°C prior to flow cytometry. These samples were measured in triplicates using a BD FACSCanto™ II flow cytometer, after staining with SYBR Green I. Sediment extracts were diluted 1 : 10 in 0.02 μm-filtered TE Buffer prior to all measurements. The flow rate was 5–7 μl/min, as determined by BD Trucount™ Beads. The laser settings and gating examples can be found in the Supporting Information of Schauberger et al. (2021).
    Keywords: Abundance; Bacteria; Carbon, organic, total; Date/Time of event; Deep sea; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Elevation of event; Event label; Flow cytometry system, Becton Dickinson, FACSCanto II; GeoB22902-2, Site 6; Hadal trench; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Microbial abundance, cells; Microbial abundance, standard deviation; MUC; MultiCorer; organic matter; prokaryote; sediment; Site 1; Site 10; Site 2; Site 3; Site 4; Site 5; Site 7; Site 9; SO261; SO261_106-1; SO261_117-1; SO261_22-1; SO261_36-1; SO261_49-1; SO261_64-1; SO261_76-1; SO261_9-1; SO261_93-1; Sonne_2; Station label; Viral abundance; Viral abundance, standard deviation; virus-like particles
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2167 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Water samples were collected using 7.5-Liter Niskin bottles and fixed with 25% electron microscopy graded glutaraldehyde (1% final concentration) and stored at -80°C until quantification by flow cytometry. Samples were measured in triplicates using a BD FACSCanto™ II flow cytometer, after staining with SYBR Green I (Brussaard 2004). The flow rate was 5–7 μl/min, as determined by BD Trucount™ Beads. The laser settings and gating examples can be found in the Supporting Information of Schauberger et al. (2021).
    Keywords: Abundance; Bacteria; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; Deep sea; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; flow cytometry; Flow cytometry system, Becton Dickinson, FACSCanto II; Hadal trench; Kermadec Trench; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Microbial abundance, cells; Microbial abundance, standard deviation; prokaryote; Site K2; Site K4; Site K5; Station label; TAN1711; TAN1711_K2; TAN1711_K4-2; TAN1711_K5-2; Tangaroa; Viral abundance; Viral abundance, standard deviation; virus-like particles
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 234 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Sediment cores from sites K3, K4, K5, and K7 were recovered by subsampling a box corer (50 × 50 cm), while sediment cores from sites K4 and K6 were collected using an autonomous lander system. Microbes and virus-like particles were extracted from sediments in a 3°C room using a modified version of the washing protocol of Danovaro and Middelboe, 2010 (see Schauberger et al., 2021). After the washing procedure, the extracted microbial cells and virus-like particles were fixed with 25% glutaraldehyde (1% final concentration) and stored at −80°C prior to flow cytometry. These samples were measured in triplicates using a BD FACSCanto™ II flow cytometer, after staining with SYBR Green I. Sediment extracts were diluted 1 : 10 in 0.02 μm-filtered TE Buffer prior to all measurements. The flow rate was 5–7 μl/min, as determined by BD Trucount™ Beads. The laser settings and gating examples can be found in the Supporting Information of Schauberger et al. (2021).
    Keywords: Abundance; Bacteria; BC; Box corer; Carbon, organic, total; Date/Time of event; Deep sea; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Elevation of event; Event label; flow cytometry; Flow cytometry system, Becton Dickinson, FACSCanto II; Hadal trench; Kermadec Trench; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Microbial abundance, cells; Microbial abundance, standard deviation; MUC; MultiCorer; organic matter; prokaryote; sediment; Site K3; Site K4; Site K5; Station label; TAN1711; TAN1711_K3; TAN1711_K4-1; TAN1711_K5-1; TAN1711_K6; TAN1711_K7; Tangaroa; Viral abundance; Viral abundance, standard deviation; virus-like particles
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 914 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: In the hadal zone of the ocean (6–11 km), the characteristics of sinking marine snow particles and their attached microbial communities remain elusive, despite their potential importance for benthic life thriving at extreme pressures (60–110 MPa). Here, we used simulation experiments to explore how increasing pressure levels modify the microbial degradation, organic matter composition, and microbiome of sinking diatom aggregates. Individual aggregates were incubated in rotating tanks in which pressure was incrementally increased to simulate a descent from surface to hadal depth within 20 days. Incubations at atmospheric pressure served as controls. With increasing pressure, microbial respiration and diatom degradation decreased gradually and ceased completely at 60 MPa. Dissolved organic carbon leaked substantially from the aggregates at ≥40 MPa, while diatom lipid and pigment contents decreased moderately. Bacterial abundance remained stable at 〉40 MPa, but bacterial community composition changed significantly at 60–100 MPa. Thus, pressure exposure reduces microbial degradation and transforms both organic matter composition and microbiomes of sinking particles, which may seed hadal sediments with relatively fresh particulate organic matter and putative pressure-tolerant microbes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-12-06
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-11-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-11-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    In:  EPIC3Goldschmidt Virtual 2021, 2021-07-04-2021-07-09
    Publication Date: 2021-12-20
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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