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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation of foreign DNA in plants using cauliflower mosaic virus as vector (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 294 (1981), S. 773-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The nucleotide sequence of CaMV6'7 suggests that there are extensive regions of the genome which encode protein. To insert new DNA, however, it is necessary to identify non-coding or dispensable regions where insertions will not interfere with essential functions. To identify such regions, we ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/294773a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorefraktive Keratektomie (1999)
    Springer
    Der Ophthalmologe 96 (1999), S. 805-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kornea • Er:YAG-Laser • Photorefraktive Keratektomie • PRK ; Key words Cornea • Er:YAG laser • Photorefractive keratectomy • PRK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Background: Examination of morphology in plane corneal ablation (in vitro) induced by an Er:YAG-laser (2.94 μm) in two modes: free-running (50 μs) and q-switched (200 ns). Methods: Sequences of different fluences in each mode were applied to freshly enucleated swine eyes. Parameters of free-running mode: fluences 1.21–4.77 J/cm2, frequency 80 Hz, spot size 500 μm FWHM, hexagonal spot shape. Parameters of q-switched mode: fluences 0.79–2.33 J/cm2, frequency 20 Hz, spot size 500 μm FWHM, round spot shape. Results: Histology showed thermal damage of 10–25 μm in depth caused by the free-running mode compared with 4.5–7.5 μm by the q-switched mode. In both gross photography and scanning electron microscopic examination, the surface was found to be more homogeneous and smoother in the q-switched mode. Conclusions: Depending on the different application modes, both laser systems could be used for a defined corneal ablation in photorefractive keratectomy. However, at the moment, results using the Er:YAG laser are not as favorable as with the excimer laser.
    Notes: Fragestellung: Vergleichende morphologische Untersuchung zur planen photorefraktiven Keratektomie mit dem gütegeschalteten (200 ns) und dem freilaufenden (50 μs) Er:YAG-Laser (2,94 μm). Material und Methode: An frisch enukleierten Schweineaugen wurden im Scanning-Modus Pulse verschiedener Energiedichten appliziert. Freilaufende Parameter: Energiedichte: 1,21–4,77 J/cm2, Frequenz: 80 Hz, Spotgröße: 500 μm Halbwertsbreite, hexagonale Spotgeometrie. Gütegeschaltete Parameter: Energiedichte: 0,79–2,33 J/cm2, Frequenz: 20 Hz, Spotgröße: 500 μm Halbwertsbreite, runde Spotgeometrie. Ergebnisse: Histologisch zeigt sich eine thermische Nekrosezone von 10–25 μm im freilaufenden Modus im Vergleich zu 4,5–7,5 μm im gütegeschalteten Modus. In der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie findet sich im gütegeschalteten Modus eine vergleichsweise homogenere und glattere korneale Oberfläche. Schlußfolgerung: Abhängig von verschiedenen Applikationsformen können beide Lasersysteme für einen definierten kornealen Abtrag in der photorefraktiven Chirurgie eingesetzt werden. Jedoch kann zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt die Oberflächenqualität von Excimer-Laser-Systemen nicht erreicht werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003470050500
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reference electrodes based on conducting polymers (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 367 (2000), S. 340-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several attempts to produce conducting polymer based all-solid-state reference electrodes are presented. Open circuit potential of conducting polymers is redox sensitive and Donan equilibrium dependent. Therefore, more sophisticated constructions are necessary. Most promising were bilayers composed of conducting polymers with different ion-exchanger properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000387
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of the M current in NG108-15 neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells (1991)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 418 (1991), S. 581-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: M current ; Neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells ; Bradykinin ; Protein kinase C ; Caffeine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The M current, I M, a voltage-dependent non-inactivating K current, was recorded in NG108-15 neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells, using the whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp technique. We studied inhibition of the M current by bradykinin, phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), and methylxanthines. Focal application of 0.1–5 μM bradykinin inhibited I M by about 60%; 5 nM bradykinin inhibited by about 40%. Bath application of 0.1 μM and 1 μM PDBu diminished I M to about half of the control value. Staurosporine, a PKC inhibitor, applied for 35–43 min in a concentration of 0.3 μM significantly reduced the effect of 1 μM PDBu. M current blockage by PDBu could be partly reversed by bath application of H-7 (51–64 μM), another PKC inhibitor. These observations suggest that the PDBu effect is really due to activation of PKC. The findings are compatible with the view [Brown DA, Higashida H (1988) J Physiol (Lond) 397:185–207] that the bradykinin effect on I M is mediated by PKC. However, three further observations suggest that this is only true for part of the bradykinin effect. When the suppression of I M by 1 μM PDBu was fully developed, 0.1 μM bradykinin produced a further inhibition of I M. Down-regulation of PKC by long-term treatment with PDBu reduced the effect of 0.1 μM bradykinin significantly but did not abolish it. Staurosporine (0.3 μM, applied for 31–46 min) failed to reduce the effect of 5 nM bradykinin significantly. The M current could be reversibly blocked by methylxanthines (caffeine, isobutylmethylxanthine, theophylline) in the millimolar range, probably because of a direct action on the M channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00370575
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  • 5
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    Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 1047: Facilitating Low-Carbon Living? A Comparison of Intervention Measures in Different Community-Based Initiatives (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-03
    Description: Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 1047: Facilitating Low-Carbon Living? A Comparison of Intervention Measures in Different Community-Based Initiatives Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su10041047 Authors: Martina Schäfer Sabine Hielscher Willi Haas Daniel Hausknost Michaela Leitner Iris Kunze Sylvia Mandl The challenge of facilitating a shift towards sustainable housing, food and mobility has been taken up by diverse community-based initiatives ranging from “top-down” approaches in low-carbon municipalities to “bottom-up” approaches in intentional communities. This paper compares intervention measures in four case study areas belonging to these two types, focusing on their potential of re-configuring daily housing, food, and mobility practices. Taking up critics on dominant intervention framings of diffusing low-carbon technical innovations and changing individual behavior, we draw on social practice theory for the empirical analysis of four case studies. Framing interventions in relation to re-configuring daily practices, the paper reveals differences and weaknesses of current low-carbon measures of community-based initiatives in Germany and Austria. Low-carbon municipalities mainly focus on introducing technologies and offering additional infrastructure and information to promote low-carbon practices. They avoid interfering into residents’ daily lives and do not restrict carbon-intensive practices. In contrast, intentional communities base their interventions on the collective creation of shared visions, decisions, and rules and thus provide social and material structures, which foster everyday low-carbon practices and discourage carbon-intensive ones. The paper discusses the relevance of organizational and governance structures for implementing different types of low-carbon measures and points to opportunities for broadening current policy strategies.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 6
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    Nrf3 promotes UV-induced keratinocyte apoptosis through suppression of cell adhesion (2018)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-28
    Description: Nrf3 promotes UV-induced keratinocyte apoptosis through suppression of cell adhesion Nrf3 promotes UV-induced keratinocyte apoptosis through suppression of cell adhesion, Published online: 27 February 2018; doi:10.1038/s41418-018-0074-y Nrf3 promotes UV-induced keratinocyte apoptosis through suppression of cell adhesion
    Print ISSN: 1350-9047
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-5403
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Effect-based characterization of mixtures of environmental pollutants in sediments worldwide (2018)
    In:  EPIC3SETAC Europe 28th Annual Meeting, Rome, 2018-05-14Rome
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-22
    Description: There is a multitude of pollutants that combine persistent and hydrophobic properties. In aquatic environments, they are largely deposited in sediments. The amount and characteristics of the organic carbon determine how strongly they are bound or if they are readily available for partitioning to biota and biouptake. These pollutants can be accumulated by aquatic organisms and biomagnified to higher trophic levels. Hence, it is important to explore the composition, activity and effects of environmental mixtures of pollutants in sediments of different origin, characteristics and pollution history. Sediments from Sweden, the European Arctic (coastal Svalbard vs. open sea), Queensland (Australia) and a French-German river were collected. The freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of the chemicals were determined using equilibration with thin coatings of silicone on the inner walls of glass jars with subsequent solvent extraction. Total sediment concentrations (Ctotal) were determined using accelerated solvent extraction. While there is a wide range of pollutants that have been detected in sediments world-wide, traditional chemical analysis cannot cover all compounds and their transformation products. Therefore, in this study, the extracts were dosed into seven cell-based bioassays covering cytotoxicity, activation of metabolic enzymes (binding to the arylhydrocarbon receptor, AhR), specific, receptor-mediated effects such as estrogenicity (ERa); and adaptive stress response (oxidative stress, AREc32). Cytotoxicity was assessed in all bioassays and occurred occasionally. Moreover, four of the seven bioassays were active in this study: AhR, AREc32, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) and ERa. The activation of the AhR was by far most responsive and showed a distinct pattern across the sampling locations. The other three assays showed responses only at higher enrichment factors of the extracts, also revealing specific contamination patterns. A comparison between Cfree vs. Ctotal will enable assessing the actual risk (Cfree) vs. the potential hazard of those chemicals that might be released in future scenarios (Ctotal). The presented work calls for more detailed studies at specific sites and testing of additional endpoints with the aim of obtaining a complete picture of mixture effects caused by the freely dissolved and total concentrations of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 8
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    Emerging investigator series: effect-based characterization of mixtures of environmental pollutants in diverse sediments (2018)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-29
    Description: This study investigated whether cell-based bioassays were suitable to characterize profiles of mixture effects of hydrophobic pollutants in multiple sediments covering remote Arctic and tropical sites to highly populated sites in Europe and Australia. The total contamination was determined after total solvent extraction and the bioavailable contamination after silicone-based passive equilibrium sampling. In addition to cytotoxicity, we observed specific responses in cell-based reporter gene bioassays: activation of metabolic enzymes (arylhydrocarbon receptor: AhR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma: PPARγ) and adaptive stress responses (oxidative stress response: AREc32). No mixture effects were found for effects on the estrogen, androgen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors, or they were masked by cytotoxicity. The bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQ) spanned several orders of magnitude for each bioassay. The bioavailable BEQs (passive equilibrium sampling) typically were 10–100 times and up to 420 times lower than the total BEQ (solvent extraction) for the AhR and AREc32 assays, indicating that the readily desorbing fraction of the bioactive chemicals was substantially lower than the fraction bound strongly to the sediment sorptive phases. Contrarily, the bioavailable BEQ in the PPARγ assay was within a factor of five of the total BEQ. We identified several hotspots of contamination in Europe and established background contamination levels in the Arctic and Australia.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    Allelochemicals of toxic marine protists - ecological effetc and chemical characterization (2007)
    In:  EPIC3invited talk, COAST Symposium 2007, 10.-11.4.07, Helgoland.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 10
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    The effects of toxins on sea urchins: Linking biomarkers at different levels of biological organization (2006)
    In:  EPIC336th Annual Conference of the Ecological Society of Germany, Switzerland and Austria (GFÖ), 11 - 15 Sept., Bremen, Germany.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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