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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Dietary Vitamin C on Maturation and Egg Quality of Cod Gadus morhua L. (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of dietary vitamin C on maturation and egg quality of cod Gadus morhua L. have been investigated. The broodstock groups were fed three different levels of vitamin C mixed into a commercial dry pellet. The experimental feeding started three months prior to the spawning season. Naturally spawned eggs were collected and analyzed with regard to viability, biochemical composition and physical characteristics. Differences in free amino acid profile, egg strength and neutral buoyancy were found, whereas no effects on vital parameters, such as fertilization rate and survival rate, were detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1994.tb00801.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contents and organ distribution of pantothenic acid in maturing turbot (Psetta maxima) (1998)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00068.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional composition of rotifers following a change in diet from yeast and emulsified oil to microalgae (1997)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 5 (1997), S. 427-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: Algae (Isochrysis galbana) enrichment ; Nutrient composition ; Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis).
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, fed baker's yeast and a lipid emulsion (High DNA Super Selco, INVE Aquaculture NV Systems SA, Belgium), were harvested and fed Isochrysis galbana for 72 h, the nutrient composition was analysed during this period. The enrichment effect on the rotifers following transfer to I. galbana was most pronounced for ascorbic acid and thiamin. I. galbana seemed to contribute very little as a source of the lipid-soluble vitamins. Most of the minerals and trace elements were unaffected by the transfer to I. galbana, but Fe, Mn, As and Cd increased, Cu and Ni decreased whereas the effect on Cr and Mo were uncertain. The fatty acid composition of the rotifers changed towards the composition of I. galbana during the experimental period. Intermediate glycogen levels were measured in the rotifers at all sampling times. With the exception of lysine, serine and proline, all amino acid levels seemed to be unaffected by the transfer to I. galbana. This study showed that transfer of rotifers to microalgae (I. galbana) feeding had a positive effect on nutritional value. Macronutrients were maintained at adequate levels, and algal feeding improved the nutritional quality of rotifers with respect to water-soluble vitamins. Changes in rotifer nutrient composition are discussed in relation to nutritional requirements of fish larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018384711958
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ascorbate-2-sulfate as a dietary vitamin C source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): 2. Effects of dietary levels and immunization on the metabolism of trace elements (1990)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 8 (1990), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: ascorbic acid ; ascorbate-2-sulfate ; Atlantic salmon ; trace elements ; iron ; zinc ; copper ; cadmium ; selenium ; metallothionein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Atlantic salmon fingerlings were fed a vitamin C deficient diet for four months. The fish were then provided a dry, practical fishmeal based diet supplemented with 0, 500 or 5000 mg vitamin C/kg as L-ascorbic acid or equivalent amounts of ascorbate-2-sulfate. After six weeks on these diets ten fish in each group were injected with a soluble antigen (NIP11-LPH). Six weeks thereafter blood, liver, kidney, spleen and vertebrae were examined for trace elements. The livers were also analysed for metallothionein. The vitamin C deficient fish were anemic despite the significantly elevated iron concentrations in the liver. Vitamin C had no positive effect in lowering tissue levels of cadmium. The highest level of dietary vitamin C given as ascorbic acid reduced the liver selenium concentrations. In response to antigen injection, the fish in all groups showed increased levels of hepatic metallothionein, copper, zinc and cadmium, while hepatic selenium and iron levels were less affected. The elemental composition in other organs was affected by the antigen injection to a minor extent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003399
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The minimum dietary requirement of vitamin C in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry using Ca ascorbate-2-monophosphate as dietary source (1992)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 10 (1992), S. 315-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: ascorbic acid ; Atlantic salmon ; dietary requirement ; growth ; development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The minimum dietary vitamin C requirement for optimal growth and normal development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry at the onset of feeding was studied, using Ca ascorbate-2-monophosphate (AP) as dietary source. The requirement was established by means of a feeding study lasting for 23 weeks from the beginning of feeding. The practical diets used were supplemented with AP at levels of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg ascorbic acid (AA) equivalents/kg. Growth, mortality, hydroxyproline content in skin and backbone, and AA in liver were recorded to evaluate the results. The results suggest that the minimum dietary requirement for optimal growth and normal development is in the range of 10–20 mg AA equivalents/kg dry diet during the period studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004480
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary vitamin C, immunity and disease resistance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (1993)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 12 (1993), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: Atlantic salmon ; fish nutrition ; immunity ; disease resistance ; vitamin C ; megadose ascorbic acid ; ascorbate-2-monophosphate ; incorporation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Presmolt Atlantic salmon were fed a fish meal based experimental diet supplemented with graded levels of ascorbate-2-monophosphate (AP), equivalent to 40, 400, 2000 and 4000 mg ascorbic acid (AA)/kg for 6 months prior to a bacterial challenge experiment. The liver AA concentration reflected the dietary intake of AP, but not linearly. Growth, hematology and acid phosphatase activity in zymosan stimulated macrophages were not affected by dietary AP. Serum hemolytic complement activity was higher in fish fed the highest AP level, but the variation was not significant. Production of specific antibodies was significantly higher in fish fed the highest AP level 11 and 17 weeks after vaccination. Bacterial challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida showed increased survival in the 4000 AP group. Lysozyme activity in headkidney and serum complement activity and serum iron in fish surviving the challenge were higher in the 4000 AP group, indicating important roles of vitamin C on lysozyme, complement and iron in non-specific disease resistance. The results indicate that high dietary levels of AP favourably affect health in Atlantic salmon. Disease resistance was, however, not correlated with the AA status in the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004323
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