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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple procedure for mass spectrometric microanalysis of ^1^5N in particulate organic matter with special reference to ^1^5N-tracer experiments
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 80 (1977), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(77)90650-9
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the participation of two sperm proteases, spermosin and acrosin, in fertilization of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi: Inhibitory effects of leupeptin analogs on enzyme activities and fertilization
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Developmental Biology 105 (1984), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-1606
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(84)90281-1
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effect of methyl 7-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-methylamino-4,6-dioxo-5-propyl-2H-pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine-2-carboxylate (AA-2379) on type III allergic (Arthus) reaction (1988)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 25 (1988), S. 326-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Methyl 7-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-methylamino-4,6-dioxo-5-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate (AA-2379), a non-steroidal, non-acidic agent, markedly inhibits type III allergic (Arthus) reaction; the ID50 values of AA-2379 in the rat reversed passive Arthus pleurisy, the rat active Arthus pleurisy, and the reversed passive Arthus reaction in rat skin were 5–10 mg/kg, p.o., and 30 mg/kg of AA-2379 inhibited the active Arthus reaction in rabbit skin by about 50%. Dexamethasone, but not acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aminopyrine, inhibited the Arthus reaction. The vascular permeability in the reversed passive Arthus pleurisy is enhanced biphasically in the early response mediated by physiologically active amines, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, and in the late response mediated by complements and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). AA-2379 inhibited the late response more potently than the early one. Furthermore, when given after the early response was reduced, AA-2379 obviously inhibited the late response. Rat zymosan-induced paw edema and mouse zymosan-activated serum-induced peritonitis, mediated by complements, were dose-dependently inhibited by AA-2379; the ID50 values were 11.4 and 10.2 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. The results suggest that AA-2379 differes from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in strongly inhibiting the late response of the Arthus reaction, which associated with PMNs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01965039
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic nitrogen fixation by the marine non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Trichodesmium (Oscillatoria) spp.: Its protective mechanism against oxygen (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 70 (1982), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) by the marine non-heterocystous cyanobacteria, Trichodesmium thiebautii and T. erythraeum, is sensitive to oxygen. Its sensitivity to oxygen was intensified when the colonies of T. thiebautii were disintegrated, but the separate trichomes yielded still retained the capacity for light dependent acetylene reduction. Trichodesmium colonies evolved hydrogen under argon in the light. The addition of carbon monoxide with DCMU [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] enhanced the rate of hydrogen evolution to approximately the same level as that of the maximum acetylene reduction on an electron basis. This probably results from the inhibition of the uptake hydrogenase. We propose that the uptake hydrogenase functions to protect nitrogenase from damage by oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396843
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbamylcholine on Harderian gland morphology in rats (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 451-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Harderian gland ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Carbamylcholine ; Secretion ; Rat (Slc: SD)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine the effect of cholinergic secretagogue on the Harderian gland of rats, several light- and electron-microscopic parameters were morphometrically assessed at different time intervals after carbamylcholine injection. In controls, two types of glandular cells (type A cells having 40–55 large vacuoles per cell profile and type B cells containing 30–38 smaller vacuoles per cell profile) and myoepithelial cells were recognized. At 5 min after injection of carbamylcholine, when rats secreted “bloody tears”, many alveoli showing narrower lumina and exocytotic figures in both types of cells were observed. Some vacuoles, which were covered by thin cytoplasmic sheets, protruded into the alveolar lumina. However, there was no evidence of apocrine or holocrine secretion. At 30 min and 120 min after injection, most of the alveolar lumina were dilated, and a pronounced decrease in the number of vacuoles in the glandular cells was observed. At 300 min after injection, the secretory vacuoles in both cell types reaccumulated. Transitional forms between the two cell types were not observed. The two types of Harderian gland cells can therefore be considered independent populations rather than different secretory stages of the same cell. It appears that the secretory process of the Harderian gland of rat is affected by cholinergic stimulation of the two types of glandular cells and of myoepithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313523
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tidal pump at the shelf edge (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 48 (1992), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Material transport through the shelf edge to the deep ocean determines the fate of particulate matter generated in productive coastal seas. In stratified estuaries, onshore flow in the bottom layer generally keeps particulate matter generated in the upper layer and settled down to the bottom layer within the estuaries. AT the shelf edge of Tokyo Bay under the condition of average onshore flow in the bottom layer, we observed higher vertical sediment flux during ebb than flood tidal currents. The on-shelf and off-shelf differences in turbulent mixing and water depth mainly cause such difference in sediment flux. We propose to call this export process of particulate matter “the tidal pump” at the shelf edge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02234029
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytoplankton pigment distributions in regional upwelling around the Izu Peninsula detected by Coastal Zone Color Scanner on May 1982 (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 48 (1992), S. 305-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Phytoplankton pigment (chlorophylla+pheopigments) distributions in a regional upwelling around the Izu Peninsula obtained by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) on May 23, 1982, were compared with ship-observed pigment and satellite sea-surface-temperature distributions. Pigment concentrations detected by the CZCS were positively correlated with the ship-observed pigment concentrations. However, they were about factor of 5 smaller when atmospheric correction parameters known for typical oceanic and land aerosol were used and when the parameters were estimated with the “clear water algorithm”. When the atmospheric correction parameters were adjusted so that a pigment concentration derived by CZCS was equivalent to a concentration obtained by the ship at a coincide location, the pattern and magnitudes of the CZCS-derived pigment distributions showed remarkable agreement with ship-observed pigment distributions. Thus, the normal atmospheric correction algorithm may not be suitable for waters around Japan, and the development of better atmospheric correction methods combined with more verification programs is required. The pigment distributions showed patterns that were similar to those observed in sea-surface-temperature distributions. Cold water showed higher pigment concentrations, and warm water showed lower pigment concentrations. The Kuroshio, which can be identified by generally warm, low pigment water, showed a large meander which flowed offshore at Shiono-misaki, looped back onshore from Hachijo Island to Omaezaki and then flowed northeast along the Izu and Boso Peninsulas. Locally upwelled water along the Izu Peninsula was seen clearly in the sea-surface-temperature and CZCS pigment distributions as a region of cold water and high pigment concentrations. Cold upwelled waters were also found at the eastern side of the Izu Islands, but pigment concentrations in these waters was not always high. This difference in the two upwelling regions may be caused by different physical and biological interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02233990
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
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    A new vision of ocean biogeochemistry after a decade of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) (2001)
    Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-19
    Description: The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) has completed a decade of intensive process and time-series studies on the regional and temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes in five diverse ocean basins. Its field program also included a global survey of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the ocean, including estimates of the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the ocean and the atmosphere, in cooperation with the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). This report describes the principal achievements of JGOFS in ocean observations, technology development and modelling. The study has produced a comprehensive and high-quality database of measurements of ocean biogeochemical properties. Data on temporal and spatial changes in primary production and CO2 exchange, the dynamics of of marine food webs, and the availability of micronutrients have yielded new insights into what governs ocean productivity, carbon cycling and export into the deep ocean, the set of processes collectively known as the "biological pump." With large-scale, high-quality data sets for the partial pressure of CO2 in surface waters as well for other DIC parameters in the ocean and trace gases in the atmosphere, reliable estimates, maps and simulations of air-sea gas flux, anthropogenic carbon and inorganic carbon export are now available. JGOFS scientists have also obtained new insights into the export flux of particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC and DOG), the variations that occur in the ratio of elements in organic matter, and the utilization and remineralization of organic matter as it falls through the ocean interior to the sediments. JGOFS scientists have amassed long-term data on temporal variability in the exchange of CO2 between the ocean and atmosphere, ecosystem dynamics, and carbon export in the oligotrophic subtropical gyres. They have documented strong links between these variables and large-scale climate patterns such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). An increase in the abundance of organisms that fix free nitrogen (N-2) and a shift in nutrient limitation from nitrogen to phosphorus in the subtropical North Pacific provide evidence of the effects of a decade of strong El Ninos on ecosystem structure and nutrient dynamics. High-quality data sets, including ocean-color observations from satellites, have helped modellers make great strides in their ability to simulate the biogeochemical and physical constraints on the ocean carbon cycle and to extend their results from the local to the regional and global scales. Ocean carbon-cycle models, when coupled to atmospheric and terrestrial models, will make it possible in the future to predict ways in which land and ocean ecosystems might respond to changes in climate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Variations in phytoplankton photo-physiology and productivity in a dynamic eutrophic ecosystem: a fast repetition rate fluorometer-based study (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: We investigated the photoacclimation state and photosynthetic rate of cells in the highly eutrophic upper Gulf of Thailand (UGOT), using fast repetition rate (FRR) fluorometry. Observations revealed differences in photosystem II (PSII) parameters: the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII ( F v /F m ), the functional absorption cross-section of PSII ( PSII ) and the rate of reoxidation of the primary PSII electron acceptor (1/ Qa ), which were dependent on the hydrographic structure of the water column. FRR-derived parameters were used to estimate the chlorophyll a -normalized, photosynthetic rate ( P B ); the photosynthesis vs. irradiance ( P – E ) curves were derived from in situ P B profiles. The P – E parameters differed markedly between the upper stratified waters and the mixed water column; that is, the maximum photosynthetic rate $P_{{\rm max}}^{\rm B} $ and the light saturation parameter ( E k ) were higher in the upper stratified waters, while the initial slope of the P – E curve ( α ) was higher in the mixed waters. This indicates that cells acclimated to relatively bright light dominated the upper stratified waters, while cells acclimated to lower light dominated the mixed waters. A significant, positive relationship was found between the average P B in the euphotic zone and surface photosynthetically available radiation, from all profiles at both sampling sites, which suggests that phytoplankton photosynthesis in the UGOT was controlled primarily by irradiance. Furthermore, as stress from nutrient-limitation is unlikely in the UGOT, cells might realize their photosynthetic potential by means of photoacclimation, even under the different light regimes present in the UGOT.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Linear relationship between carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios along simple food chains in marine environments (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-24
    Description: To examine the relationship between carbon and nitrogen stable isotope (SI) ratios ( 13 C and 15 N) of zooplankton, we analyzed samples collected bimonthly from March to October 2009, from the euphotic layers of the Oyashio current along the A-line in the western North Pacific. Isotopic ratios of higher trophic levels such as predatory zooplankton and/or long-lived zooplankton varied little with season, while those of short-lived zooplankton were variable on the 15 N– 13 C map. We also analyzed preserved samples taken from the warm-core ring 86-B derived from the Kuroshio extension region. Although the zooplankton groups in the two regions exhibited different values in 15 N, the 15 N versus 13 C slopes for each ecosystem do not show significant differences. Statistical analysis conducted together with previously published data from the Antarctic Ocean and the Gulf of Alaska suggested a similar 15 N versus 13 C slope throughout the four regions. We attributed this common slope to physiological aspects of feeding processes (e.g. the kinetic isotope effects inherent in the processes of amino acid synthesis). The common pattern for all four oceanic regions suggests that SIs may be used to elucidate general patterns in ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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