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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex geographical analysis of the Greater Sochi region on the Black Sea coast (1994)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 34 (1994), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract Results of the complex analysis of the unique natural territory of Greater Sochi from the point of view of physical geography are considered. The region of Greater Sochi is located on the S slopes of the Main Caucasus chain on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. Morphometrical analysis of the relief and analysis air surface temperature and precipitation allowed to distinguish four specific subregions within the whole territory. It is demonstrated that the period of stable snow cover in the two subregions which occupy more than half of the region's area is sufficient for successful development of winter tourism. Peculiar combination of the mild climate of the coast with stable snow cover in the mountains till the beginning of summer provide strong attractivity of the region for all-the-year-round tourists inflow to the most modern recreational centre of Russia. The work provides the methodology for similar studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00813147
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Chronology for the EDML ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years (2007)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ruth, Urs; Barnola, Jean-Marc; Beer, Jürg; Bigler, Matthias; Blunier, Thomas; Castellano, Emiliano; Fischer, Hubertus; Fundel, Felix; Huybrechts, Philippe; Kaufmann, Patrik R; Kipfstuhl, Sepp; Lambrecht, Anja; Morganti, Andrea; Oerter, Hans; Parrenin, Frédéric; Rybak, Oleg; Severi, Mirko; Udisti, Roberto; Wilhelms, Frank; Wolff, Eric William (2007): EDML1: a chronology for the EPICA deep ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years. Climate of the Past, 3, 475-484, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-475-2007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: A chronology called EDML1 has been developed for the EPICA ice core from Dronning Maud Land (EDML). EDML1 is closely interlinked with EDC3, the new chronology for the EPICA ice core from Dome-C (EDC) through a stratigraphic match between EDML and EDC that consists of 322 volcanic match points over the last 128 ka. The EDC3 chronology comprises a glaciological model at EDC, which is constrained and later selectively tuned using primary dating information from EDC as well as from EDML, the latter being transferred using the tight stratigraphic link between the two cores. Finally, EDML1 was built by exporting EDC3 to EDML. For ages younger than 41 ka BP the new synchronized time scale EDML1/EDC3 is based on dated volcanic events and on a match to the Greenlandic ice core chronology GICC05 via 10Be and methane. The internal consistency between EDML1 and EDC3 is estimated to be typically ~6 years and always less than 450 years over the last 128 ka (always less than 130 years over the last 60 ka), which reflects an unprecedented synchrony of time scales. EDML1 ends at 150 ka BP (2417 m depth) because the match between EDML and EDC becomes ambiguous further down. This hints at a complex ice flow history for the deepest 350 m of the EDML ice core.
    Keywords: EDML; EDRILL; EPICA; EPICA-Campaigns; EPICA drill; EPICA Dronning Maud Land, DML28C01_00; European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica; Kohnen Station
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Lagrangian back-tracing results for Kohnen station given every 1 m of the depth (2007)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-11
    Keywords: AGE; AWI_Glac; Bias; DEPTH, ice/snow; Depth, relative; Depth ice equivalent; Distance, relative; Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica; Function; Glaciology @ AWI; Kohnen; Kohnen_based; Kohnen Station; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; modelled; Research station; RS; Surface elevation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 27148 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Lagrangian back-tracing results for Kohnen station; output of time dependent numerical experiment with a 3D nested Antarctic ice sheet model (2007)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Huybrechts, Philippe; Rybak, Oleg; Pattyn, Frank; Ruth, Urs; Steinhage, Daniel (2007): Ice thinning, upstream advection, and non-climatic biases for the upper 89% of the EDML ice core from a nested model of the Antarctic ice sheet. Climate of the Past, 3(4), 577-589, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-577-2007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-11
    Description: A nested ice flow model was developed for eastern Dronning Maud Land to assist with the dating and interpretation of the EDML deep ice core. The model consists of a high-resolution higher-order ice dynamic flow model that was nested into a comprehensive 3-D thermomechanical model of the whole Antarctic ice sheet. As the drill site is on a flank position the calculations specifically take into account the effects of horizontal advection as deeper ice in the core originated from higher inland. First the regional velocity field and ice sheet geometry is obtained from a forward experiment over the last 8 glacial cycles. The result is subsequently employed in a Lagrangian backtracing algorithm to provide particle paths back to their time and place of deposition. The procedure directly yields the depth-age distribution, surface conditions at particle origin, and a suite of relevant parameters such as initial annual layer thickness. This paper discusses the method and the main results of the experiment, including the ice core chronology, the non-climatic corrections needed to extract the climatic part of the signal, and the thinning function. The focus is on the upper 89% of the ice core (appr. 170 kyears) as the dating below that is increasingly less robust owing to the unknown value of the geothermal heat flux. It is found that the temperature biases resulting from variations of surface elevation are up to half of the magnitude of the climatic changes themselves.
    Keywords: AWI_Glac; Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica; Glaciology @ AWI; Kohnen; Kohnen_based; Kohnen Station; Research station; RS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Lagrangian back-tracing results for Kohnen station given every 100 model years (2007)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-11
    Keywords: AGE; AWI_Glac; Bias; Distance, relative; Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica; Glaciology @ AWI; Kohnen; Kohnen_based; Kohnen Station; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Research station; RS; Surface elevation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 11900 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    A comparison of Eulerian and Lagrangian methods for dating in numerical ice sheet models (2003)
    In:  EPIC3Annals of Glaciology, 37, pp. 150-158
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Accurate dating in ice sheets is required for a correct interpretation of palaeoclimatic records and for incorporation of material characteristics in the flow law which depend on ice age. In this paper we make a detailed comparison between a Lagrangian and Eulerian approach to the ice advection problem in numerical ice sheet models. This comparison is first performed for a schematic two-dimensional ice sheet of Nye-Vialov type with a prescribed stationary velocity field. Several cases are examined which incorporate basal melting, basal sliding, and an undulating bed. A further comparison is made with an analytical solution for the ice divide. Both methods are also applied in a thermomechanical model of the Antarctic ice sheet for present-day climate conditions. Our main conclusion is that for similar discretisation parameters the Lagrangian method produces less error than an Eulerian approach using a second-order upwinding finite-difference scheme, though the difference is small (〈1%) for the largest part of the model domain. However, problems are introduced in the Lagrangian approach due to the dispersion of tracers necessitating the use of interpolation procedures that are a source of additional error. It is also shown that a cubic-spline approximation of Lagrangian trajectories improves accuracy, but such a method is computationally prohibitive in large-scale ice-sheet models.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Lagrangian dating in a time-dependent numerical ice-sheet modelling experiment (2003)
    In:  EPIC3EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Nice (F)April 2003., 6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Particle tracing in ice sheets is required to deal with problems such as ice dating, oxygen isotope contents, or the distribution of any conservative characteristic that is advected with the ice. The Lagrangian approach, in which a particles trajectory is constructed by numerical interpolation as it moves through an evolving ice sheet, is conceptually straightforward, but demanding in terms of its practical implementation. The main advantages of the method as compared to a Eulerian approach are that it is diffusion free, and that it immediately yields the trajectories of particles and the distribution of transported properties on isochronous surfaces. Its optimal implementation requires an accurate balance between computational overhead and desired accuracy. We have implemented a Lagrangian tracer algorithm in a time-dependent thermomechanical model of the Antarctic ice sheet. The model has components describing ice-sheet and ice-shelf flow, isostatic adjustment adjustment of the lithosphere, and the derivation of past environmental boundary conditions. Numerical experiments are carried out for the last 4 glacial cycles forced by the Vostok temperature record. Tracers are launched at the surface every 100 years on a grid with 20 km resolution. Their current positions are calculated using piece-wise linear interpolation. Two methods of numerical integration are examined the Eulerian one (not to be confused with the general Eulerian approach referred above) and the Runge-Kutta one at different time steps for calculating positions of tracers. The poster will display results for ice age (date of deposition) and isotopic composition. These results are also compared to those obtained by solving the advection equation in the Eulerian way.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 8
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    Reconstruction of the annual balance of Vadret da Morteratsch, Switzerland, since 1865 (2009)
    In:  EPIC3Annals of Glaciology, 50, pp. 126-134
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We have reconstructed the annual balance of the Vadret da Morteratsch, Engadine, with a two-dimensional energy-balance model for the period between 1865 and 2005. The model takes into account a parameterisation of the surface energy fluxes, an albedo that decreases exponentially with snow depth as well as the shading effect of the surrounding mountains. The model was first calibrated with a 5-year record of annual balance measurements made at 20 different sites on the glacier between 2001 and 2006 using meteorological data from surrounding weather stations as input. To force the model for the period starting in 1865 we employed monthly temperature and precipitation records from nearby valley stations. The model is capable to reproduce the observed annual balance reasonably well, except for the lower part during the warmest years. Most crucial to the results is the altitudinal precipitation gradient, but this factor is hard to quantify from the limited precipitation data at high elevations. The simulation shows an almost continuous mass loss since 1865, with short interruptions around 1920, 1935 and 1980. A trend towards a more negative annual balance can be observed since the beginning of the 1980s. The simulated cumulative mass balance for the entire period from 1865 to 2005 was found to be -46 m w.e.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Past and present accumulation rate reconstruction along the Dome Fuji-Kohnen radio echo sounding profile, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica (2009)
    In:  EPIC3Annals of Glaciology, 50(51), pp. 112-120
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: We used internal ice layers from a radio-echo sounding profile between the Kohnen and Dome Fuji deep drilling sites to infer the spatio-temporal pattern of accumulation rate in this sector of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Continuous internal reflection horizons can be traced to about half of the ice thickness and have a maximum age of approximately 72.7 ka BP. To infer palaeoaccumulation rates from the dated layers, we derived the thinning functions from a flow calculation with a high-resolution higher-order model of Dronning Maud Land embedded into a three-dimensional thermomechanical model of the Antarctic ice sheet. The method takes into account complex ice-flow dynamics and advection effects that cannot be dealt with using traditional local approaches. We selected seven time intervals over which we determine the average accumulation rate and average surface temperature at the place and time of origin of the layer particles. Our results show lower accumulation rates along eastern parts of the profile for the late Holocene (05 ka BP) than are shown by existing maps, which had no surface control points. During the last glacial period we find a substantially lower accumulation rate than predicted by the usual approach linking palaeo-accumulation rates to the condensation temperature above the surface inversion layer. These findings were used to fine-tune the relation between accumulation rate and temperature.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Towards a coupled three-dimensional glacier/ mass balance model of the Morteratschgletscher, Engadin (2008)
    In:  EPIC3EGU General Assembly 2008, Vienna, Austria 18 April 2008., 13
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The significant retreat of Alpine glaciers over the 20th century is a strong indicator of climatic warming. Many are well on track to their complete distinction in the course of the 21st century. The Morteratschgletscher in the Engadine (Switzerland) is a typical example of a large valley glacier with a detailed record of front variations dating back to the end of the Little Ice Age. It currently has a length of about 7 km and a surface area of 16 km2 and may already have lost up to 40% of its ice volume since 1860. We have consistently measured mass balance, ice thickness, and surface velocity over a 6-year period since 2001. Mass balance and velocity measurements were performed at about 20 locations in the ablation zone and supplemented with shallow ice core and pit measurements in a saddle area at 3670 m elevation and below one of the surrounding summits at 3750 m. In addition, the ice thickness was measured with two radar systems in around 250 individual locations and along several km of continuous transects. These data will serve as input in a coupled three-dimensional glacier/ mass balance model to better understand the observed retreat since the 19th century and to be able to make predictions about its future evolution. The mass balance model considers a parameterisation for the surface energy fluxes, an albedo which decreases exponentially with snow depth as well as the shading effect of the surrounding mountains. It was calibrated with the observations between 2001 and 2006 using meteorological data from surrounding synoptic stations. The ice flow model considers both longitudinal and transverse stress gradients in the force balance in addition to the usual terms of the shallow-ice approximation. The poster will show the reconstructed glacier geometry and mass balance evolution obtained from the field programme. First results on the validation of the flow model with the observed velocity data and on the modelling of the surface mass balance model will also be shown.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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