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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 342 (1989), S. 413-416 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The stratigraphy of core KET 8003 (38°49.2' N, 14°29.5' E, 1,900m water depth, 1,030cm length), is based on the oxygen isotope variation in the foraminifer Globigerina bulloides, measured at 10-cm intervals4 (Fig. 1). Tests of calcite formed by marine organisms reflect the fluctuations of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 304 (1983), S. 46-49 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Heavy monsoons in Africa have been recorded by the black organic-rich layers called sapropels in the subsurface of the East Mediterranean Sea, a consequence of heavy discharge7 from the Nile River. I show here that they responded immediately to the variable distribution of northern-summer orbital ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 295 (1982), S. 105-110 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In an East Mediterranean marine core, the upper sapropel begins soon after the start of a global event—a very heavy precipitation which occurred in the equatorial latitudes during the late Glacial–early Holocene. This heavy precipitation in Africa, channelled by the Nile River across ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 3 (1971), S. 89-107 
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Plusieurs fragments de la météorite d'Orgueil ont été macérés dans des acides minéraux (HNO3, HF, HNO3), afin de dissoudre la fraction minérale et isoler la fraction résiduelle résistant aux acides. C'est là un procédé utilisé couramment en palynologie pour extraire les grains de pollen et les spores des sédiments terrestres. De nombreux objets microscopiques, sphériques et creux, ont été mis en évidence. Ils sont optiquement similaires au résidu organique brun, amorphe, dans lequel ils sont enrobés. Leur morphologie, leur répartition en fonction de leur taille, et leur composition chimique élémentaire, analysée par la microsonde électronique, qui révèle la présence de carbone et de phosphore, sont décrites, puis évaluées en fonction des critères disponibles d'une éventuelle origine biologique. Les critères intrinsèques aux objets sont bien satisfaits, mais non le critère extrinsèque d'un environnement sédimentaire convenable. L'analyse des hypothèses qui ont été avancées pour décrire l'environnement originel de la météorite, permet de suggérer une explication de ces sphères creuses organiques, qui repose entièrement sur cet environnement à l'époque de leur formation. Ce sont des revêtements organiques à la surface de microchondrules d'olivine, de globules de verre et de magnétite, minéraux de haute température appartenant à la fraction minérale de la météorite qui a été dissoute par la macération acide. Ces coques organiques résulteraient de la polymérisation de petites molécules organiques dispersées, qui se seraient condensées à la surface de gouttelettes minérales en fusion. Ces dernières ont pu être éjectées par une nuée ardente volcanique issue du corps parent de la météorite, et projetées dans la poussière cosmique primitive froide en suspension autour de ce corps parent, composée de silicates hydratés et de petites molécules organiques. C'est ensuite seulement que cette suspension de poussière primitive aurait subi l'accrétion pour former finalement la couche extérieure froide de matière étéoritique carbonée du corps parent. En outre, des gaz réducteurs à haute température, s'élevant de la nuée ardente, ont pu polymériser en partie la matière organique en suspension, pour former la matière météoritique organique amorphe, résistant aux acides, qui a peut-être été l'agent agglomérant lors de l'accrétion. Les formes spiralées de plusieurs des structures organiques décrites ici suggèrent des microturbulences atmosphériques dûes à la chaleur. Des membranes organiques, et l'appendice en forme de queue de comète d'une sphérule, suggèrent une polymérisation organique dans le sillage de la trajectoire de microchondrules. Selon notre opinion, ces diverses structures organiques résultent donc de l'organisation abiogénique sous l'effet de la température, de matière organique préexistante, plus simple, dans un système solide-gaz extraterrestre.
    Notes: Abstract Fragments of the Orgueil meteorite were macerated in mineral acids (HNO3-HF-HNO3) to dissolve the mineral matrix and separate the acid-resistant organic residues; a routine procedure in the extraction of pollen and spores from terrestrial sediments. Numerous spherical hollow objects were found, optically resembling the brown amorphous residual organic matrix of the meteorite. Their morphology, size-distribution, and chemical composition, revealed by electron microprobe with reference to carbon and phosphorus, are described, and evaluated in connection with criteria of biogenicity. The intrinsic criteria are satisfactorily met, but the extrinsic requirement of a sedimentary environment is not met. A review of the literature concerning the meteoritic environment suggests an explanation of these spheres based on the environment of their formation. It is proposed that they are organic coatings on olivine microchondrules, magnetite and glass globules, the mineral component of which has been dissolved by the acid maceration. They could have initially resulted from the polymerization of dispersed small organic molecules condensing on the surface of the microchrondrules. The latter were injected from a volcanic ‘nuée ardente’ into the dispersed cold primordial cosmic dust of hydrated silicates and organic molecules, around the meteorite parent-body. This presumably occurred before the cosmic dust accreted as the carbonaceous chondritic outer layer of the parent-body. Upsurging reducing hot gases from the ‘nuée ardente’ would polymerize part of the dispersed organic matter as the insoluble brown amorphous matrix, possibly the ‘sticking’ agent when the cosmic dust accreted. The spiraled form of several of the organic structures described here are suggestive of atmospheric heat microturbulences. Organic membranes and comet-form tails of spherical coatings suggest polymerization in the wake of injected microchondrules. These diverse organic structures would result in our view from the abiogenic thermal organization of organic matter in an extraterrestrial gas-solid system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Keywords: AGE; Age, comment; Age, maximum/old; Age, minimum/young; Interpretation from literature (PKDB); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Paleoclimate Database of the Quaternary; PKDB; PKDB8464; Precipitation, relative difference; Precipitation integrated; Temperature, relative difference; Wind speed, relative difference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 21 data points
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Paterne, Martine; Kallel, Nejib; Labeyrie, Laurent D; Vautravers, Maryline J; Duplessy, Jean-Claude; Rossignol-Strick, Martine; Cortijo, Elsa; Arnold, Maurice; Fontugne, Michel R (1999): Hydrological relationship between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea during the past 15-75 kyr. Paleoceanography, 14(5), 626-638, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998PA900022
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: The Mediterranean Sea hydrology at the time of the Heinrich formation in the North Atlantic Ocean was analyzed by comparing sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and oxygen isotope composition of seawater (dw) changes during the past 75 kyr in two marine cores. These were compared to the palynological variations derived in the Mediterranean Sea core. During the last glacial the two oceanic SST records show similar and synchronous patterns, with several long-term cooling periods, ending by abrupt SST increases. At the time of the Heinrich events, cold SSTs and low salinity prevailed in the Mediterranean Sea. The freshwater budget was similar to the modern one, permitting the presence of a mixed forest on the Mediterranean borderlands. The post-Heinrich periods are marked by a freshwater budget decrease, limiting oak and fir tree growth in the Mediterranean region. Increase of precipitation or reduction of evaporation is observed before the Heinrich episode, and is associated with a well-developed mixed Mediterranean forest.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Rossignol-Strick, Martine; Paterne, Martine (1999): A synthetic pollen record of the eastern Mediterranean sapropels of the last 1 Ma: implications for the time-scale and formation of sapropels. Marine Geology, 153(1-4), 221-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00080-2
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: The Quaternary climate of southern Europe (south Italy and Greece) is investigated by pollen analysis of the sapropels which were deposited in the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea during the last 1 million year (Ma). The time-scale of core KC01b in the Ionian Sea has been established by tuning its oxygen isotopic record to the ice volume model of Imbrie and Imbrie (1980, doi:10.1126/science.207.4434.943). For the last 250,000 year (250 ka), the previous pollen studies and astronomical tuning have been confirmed. Sapropels were deposited under a large range of Mediterranean climates: fully interglacial, fully glacial, and intermediary, as revealed mainly by the balance between the respective pollen abundances of oak (Quercus) and sage-brush (Artemisia). The high value of the oak reveals the warm and wet climate of an Interglacial, and the high value of the sage-brush, the dry and cold climate of a Glacial. Whereas the Mediterranean climate is directly related to the variation of the high-latitude ice sheets, the deposition of sapropels is not so. In contrast with the wide climatic range, sapropels were deposited only when summer insolation in the low latitudes reached its highest peaks. However, between 250 ka and 1 Ma, that stable pattern is not yet established. Only six sapropels are observed, many expected ones do not appear, even as ghosts signalled by peaks of barium abundance, that remain after the post-deposition oxidation of organic matter. The pattern of sapropel formation in stable and direct relationship to highest insolation does not seem to apply. For five of those sapropels, neither climate extremes are observed; they mainly formed during intermediary types of Mediterranean climate. In contrast, one sapropel (and one ghost) relates to a relatively low peak of insolation, and its climate is of a unique, composite type not seen later. This might suggest an unsuspected, more complex pattern linking the formation of Mediterranean sapropels to the astronomical configuration.
    Keywords: Age model; Age model, optional; Calabrian Ridge; CLIVAMPcruises; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Event label; KC01; KC01B; Layer description; PC; Piston corer; Ship of opportunity
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 78 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: Age, 14C AMS; Age, 14C calibrated, CALIB (Stuiver & Reimer, 1993); Age, comment; Age, dated; Age, dated, error to older; Age, dated, error to younger; Age, dated standard deviation; Calendar age; Calendar age, standard deviation; DEPTH, sediment/rock; ETNA80; Event label; KET80-03; Le Suroît; Mediterranean Sea; North Atlantic; PALEOCINAT; PC; Piston corer; SU90-08
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 95 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: Age, 14C calibrated; Age, 14C milieu/reservoir corrected (-400 yr); Age, dated; Age, dated standard deviation; Calendar age; Datum level; DEPTH, sediment/rock; ETNA80; Event label; KET80-03; Le Suroît; Mediterranean Sea; North Atlantic; PALEOCINAT; PC; Piston corer; SU90-08
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 79 data points
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Rossignol-Strick, Martine; Duzer, Daniele (1979): Late Quaternary pollen and dinoflagellate cysts in marine cores off West Africa. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Reihe C Geologie und Geophysik, Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin, Stuttgart, C30, 1-14
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: The pollen record of three marine late Quaternary cores off Senegal shows a juxtaposition of Mediterranean, Northern Saharan, Central Saharan elements, which are considered transported by the trade winds from a winter-rainfall area, and Sahelian, Soudanese, Soudano-Guinean elements, considered transported both by winds and mostly by the Senegal River, and coming from the monsoonal, summer tropical rainfall area of southern West Africa. Littoral vegetation is either the edaphically dry and saline Chenopodiaceae from sebkhas at the time of the main regression, or the warm tropical humid mangrove with Rhizophora during the humid optimum period. Four stratigraphic zones reflect, from basis to top: Zone 4. A semi-arid period with a balanced pollen input. Zone 3. A very arid period with the disappearance of monsoonal pollen, probably from the disappearance of the Senegal River, a very saline littoral plain with Chenopodiaceae, a larger input of northern Saharan pollen from intensified trade winds. Zone 2. A quite humid period, much more so than today, very suddenly established, with a northward extension of the monsoonal areas, a rich littoral mangrove, and weakening of the trade winds. Zone l. A slow and steady evolution toward the present semi-humid conditions with regression of the mangrove, and of the monsoonal areas toward the south. Tentative datations and correlations with the Tchad area suggested: zone 4: 22,500 to 19,000 years BP; zone 3: 19,000 to 12,500 years BP; zone 2: 12,500 to 5,500 years BP; zone 1: 5,500 years BP to top of core. Dinoflagellate cysts display a tropical assemblage with mostly estuarine neritic elements and also a weak oceanic component, mostly in the lower slope core 47. Cosmopolitan taxa dominate the assemblage and only a few species point to more specialized environments. Quantitative variations of the assemblage are the basis of stratigraphy which is not similar to the pollen stratigraphy, and an inshore-outshore gradient has to be taken into account to correlate the three cores.
    Keywords: East Atlantic; GIK12344-6; GIK12345-5; GIK12347-2; KAL; Kasten corer; M25; Meteor (1964)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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