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  • 1
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry during experiments with Mytilus edulis, 2008 (2008)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bibby, Ruth; Widdicombe, Stephen; Parry, Helen E; Spicer, John I; Pipe, R (2008): Effects of ocean acidification on the immune response of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Aquatic Biology, 2(1), 97-74, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00037
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: The effects of medium term (32 d) hypercapnia on the immune response of Mytilus edulis were investigated in mussels exposed to acidified (using CO2) sea water (pH 7.7, 7.5 or 6.7; control: pH 7.8). Levels of phagocytosis increased significantly during the exposure period, suggesting an immune response induced by the experimental set-up. However, this induced stress response was suppressed when mussels were exposed to acidified sea water. Acidified sea water did not have any significant effects on other immuno-surveillance parameters measured (superoxide anion production, total and differential cell counts). These results suggest that ocean acidification may impact the physiological condition and functionality of the haemocytes and could have a significant effect on cellular signalling pathways, particularly those pathways that rely on specific concentrations of calcium, and so may be disrupted by calcium carbonate shell dissolution.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Basophil cells; Basophil cells, absolute numbers; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bibby_etal_08; Bicarbonate ion; Blood cells; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Eosinophil cells, absolute numbers; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; EXP; Experiment; Experimental treatment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; Neubauer haemocytometer; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Phagocytosed particles, number per protein mass; pH meter (Mettler Toledo InLab 413 SG); Salinity; Single species; SpectraMax microplate reader (Molecular Devices); Superoxyde dismutase change, number per protein mass; Temperate; Temperature, water; Tetra Con 325 salinity and temperature probe
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6124 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of temperature on development and hatching of scad, Trachurus trachurus L., eggs (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 31 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of temperature on the rates of development and hatching of artificially fertilized eggs of the scad, Trachurus trachurus L., was studied using a thermal gradient incubator. Development of eggs through to hatching occurred within the temperature range 10.5–21.2° C, with greatest survival between 12.2 and 15.8° C. The mean egg diameter was 0.94 mm and mean length of larvae on hatching 2.46 mm. Regressions of development time on mean incubation temperature are presented. The data are compared with those reported in the literature and related to sea temperatures in scad spawning grounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05270.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer automation of high current ion implanters
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 6 (1985), S. 146-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-583X(85)90626-3
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallothioneins and lysosomes in metal toxicity and accumulation in marine mussels: the effect of cadmium in the presence and absence of phenanthrene (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 94 (1987), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been confirmed that metallothioneins play an important role in the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in the digestive gland cells of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.). The content of Cd in the tissue of mussels exposed for 9 d to the metal (estimated dosage of 180 μg Cd mussel-1 d-1) was 66.2 ppm. This value is about the same as the metal content found in the digestive gland of Cd-exposed mussels kept in clean water for a recovery period of 28 d. At the end of the recovery period, however, the Cd bound to thionein had increased by approximately 250%. Our data demonstrate that the stability of lysosomes, a biological parameter adopted as a cellular stress index, is extremely low in mussels exposed to Cd for 9 d, but returns to control values in the digestive gland cells of mussels allowed to recover for 28 d in uncontaminated sea water. At this point most of the Cd present in the cytosol is bound to thionein. These data demonstrate the importance of metallothionein induction in the reduction of the cytotoxic effects exerted by high levels of Cd accumulation. The results of tests designed to clarify the reasons for the long biological half-life of Cd demonstrated that, in the digestive gland of mussels, the lysosomes are not able to eliminate Cd either bound to insoluble thionein polymers or to lipid peroxidation products such as lysosomal lipofuscin, both of which are apparently involved in the elimination of copper. The absence of these two mechanisms of metal sequestration and elimination via excretion of residual bodies (tertiary lysosomes) is in agreement with the persistence of cadmium in the digestive gland of mussels. Finally, the results also demonstrate that simultaneous exposure of mussels to Cd and phenanthrene, an established lysosomal membrane destabilizer, did not significantly alter the accumulation of Cd or the kinetics of the metal in mussels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392937
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antioxidant enzymes in the digestive gland of the common musselMytilus edulis (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 112 (1992), S. 265-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Antioxidant enzymes function to remove deleterious reactive oxygen species, including the superoxide anion radical and H2O2. Subcellular distributions and optimal and other properties of catalase (EC. 1.11.1.6), superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC. 1.15.1.1), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPX; EC. 1.11.1.9) and total glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were determined in the digestive gland of the common musselMytilus edulis L. by spectrophotometric and cytochemical/electron microscopic (catalase) techniques. Assay conditions for Se-GPX and total GPX activities were determined which optimized the difference between the non-enzymic and enzymic rates of reaction. General peroxidase activity (guaiacol as substrate) (EC. 1.11.1.7) was not detectable in any subcellular fraction. Catalase was largely, if not totally, peroxisomal, whereas SOD and GPX activities were mainly cytosolic. Distinct mitochondrial (Mn-SOD) and cytosolic (CuZn-SOD) SOD forms were indicated. Catalase properties were consistent with a catalase, rather than a catalase-peroxidase. The pH-dependence and temperature-dependence of GPX activity were different with H2O2 or CHP as substrate, and these and other observations indicate the existence of a distinct Se-GPX. Under saturating or optimal (GPX) assay conditions, the apparent Michaelis constantsK m (mM) were: catalase, 48 to 68 (substrate, H2O2); Se-GPX, 0.11 (H2O2) and 2.0 (glutathione); and total GPX, 2.2 (eumene hydroperoxide) and 1.2 (glutathione). Calculated catalase activity was 2 to 4 orders of magnitude greater than Se-GPX activity over an [H2O2] of 1 to 1000 μM. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical calculations of in vivo oxyradical production and phylogenetic differences in antioxidant enzyme activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702471
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular and ultrastructural changes in the endoderm of the temperate sea anemone Anemonia viridis as a result of increased temperature (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 116 (1993), S. 311-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Exposure of the temperate sea anemone Anemonia viridis Forskål to increased seawater temperature (from 16 to 26°C) reduced the lysosomal latency of coelenterate tissues. Lysosomes in the mesenterial filaments of anemones were destabilised by increased temperature, with greater destabilisation in heat-shocked symbiotic anemones than in heat-shocked aposymbiotic anemones in the early stages of the experiment. Lysosomal enzyme activity in zooxanthellae from heat-shocked symbiotic anemones was associated with the algal membranes and the cytoplasm of degenerate algal cells. While the relationship between host coelenterate and symbiotic alga may confer many benefits under “normal” conditions, comparison of the responses of symbiotic and aposymbiotic anemones to heat shock suggests that there may be disadvantages for symbiotic anemones under stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350021
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenic characterization of hemocyte subpopulations in the mussel Mytilus edulis by means of monoclonal antibodies (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 119 (1994), S. 549-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to characterize in more detail hemocytes from Mytilus edulis and establish links between histological and cytological featues, monoclonal antibodies (MABs) were prepared using hybridoma technology. Five MABs were identified and their reactivity patterns were analyzed with both immunoperoxidase and ultrastructural immunogold labelling. Four MAB classes were identified by their immunostaining patterns. Optical and ultrastructural examination revealed that Class I MAB reacted specifically with basophilic granulocytes (granulocytes containing small granules). Class II and III MABs differed in the intensity of their indirect immunofluorescence and degree of immunoperoxidase labelling, but all recognized both basophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes. Epitopes recognized by Class IV MABs were not always present in basophilic granulocytes, whereas they were always expressed in the eosinophilic granulocytes (granulocytes containing large granules) and could constitute differentiation antigens which progressively form during the maturation process. Molecular weights of the proteins recognized by these MABs were determined by Western blotting. It is concluded that immunostaining can identify at least three hemocyte types in M. edulis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354317
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localisation of antioxidant enzymes in the cnidarians Anemonia viridis and Goniopora stokesi (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 137 (2000), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Antioxidant enzymes scavenge to protect cells against destructive oxyradicals. In excess, reactive radicals can have wide-reaching consequences, including lipid peroxidation, protein degradation and DNA damage, resulting in tissue damage and cell death. Recently, oxyradicals have been implicated in coral-bleaching, but only the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the host and endosymbiotic algae have been reported. To locate the potential cellular targets of excess oxyradicals in cnidarians, it is important to establish in which cell areas these enzymes are active. Using immunocytochemical techniques, the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT] and glutathione peroxidase [GPX] were localised in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis (Forskal) and the coral Goniopora stokesi (Edwards & Haime). Using affinity-purified primary antibodies and transmission electron microscopy, antioxidant enzymes were found predominantly associated with granulated vesicles, accumulation bodies of endosymbiotic algae and cnida. SOD and CAT gold-labelling was localised in all forms of cnida, with SOD being particularly pronounced on the ruptured threads and shafts of b-mastigophores in A. viridis, possibly suggesting that the b-mastigophore had undergone autolysis and required SOD to prevent damage to host cells. The presence of both SOD and CAT in the accumulation body of endosymbiotic algae is consistent with the hypothesised role of these bodies in digestion and cell-ageing. CAT was also found in isolated electron-dense bodies, often near microvillous borders in G. stokesi. Similar bodies were recorded in A. viridis, but contained GPX rather than CAT. GPX was also present in symbiotic algae, where it was associated with electron-dense bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000324
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary cell-culture of the digestive gland of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis: a time-course study of antioxidant- and biotransformation-enzyme activity and ultrastructural changes (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A primary culture of a mixed-cell population from the digestive gland of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis L. was developed for potential use in toxicological studies. Cells were maintained for up to 2 wk in a suspension culture, and their survival rate was monitored with regard to different cell types. No cell proliferation was observed. Smaller cell types survived with a viability of 〉50% after 13 d in culture, whereas the larger, lysosome-containing digestive cells deteriorated rapidly (viability 〈50% after 3 d). Differential survival rates of the two cell groups was confirmed by an ultrastructural analysis of cell morphology in cells cultured for up to 4 d. Electron-microscope micrographs revealed that some structural damage of digestive cells began soon after initiation of the culture, with subsequent deterioration and death. In contrast, smaller cell types such as duct epithelial cells appeared relatively healthy and dominated the cell culture. A study of antioxidant and biotransformation enzyme activities in digestive-gland cells revealed a time-course pattern of change in activity levels possibly linked to differential cell survival. The activities of the biotransformation enzymes NADH-DT diaphorase (EC 1.6.99.2), cytochrome P450-dependent benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) decreased more rapidly over time than the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1). This possibly indicates that antioxidant enzyme activity is more stable over time than that of biotransformation enzymes and/or that the capacity of xenobiotic metabolism is primarily located in the large digestive cells, whereas antioxidant functions can be found in both digestive and smaller cell groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050602
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and cytochemical study on interactions between nutrient storage cells and gametogenesis in the mussel Mytilus edulis (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 96 (1987), S. 519-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructural morphology of storage-cell breakdown and replenishment in Mytilus edulis is described for mussels collected at monthly intervals over a period of one year (September 1981 to October 1982) from a site in Cornwall, England. In addition cytochemical staining reactions at light and electron microscope levels are described for the storage cells and the Sertoli cells. The breakdown of adipogranular (ADG) cell components is believed to be a lysosomally-mediated process of controlled autolysis involving fusion of primary lysosomes with the protein granules. Increasing activity for lysosomal enzymes during ADG cell breakdown is demonstrated using quantitative cytochemistry. The presence of glycogen in vesicular connective tissue (VCT) cells is demonstrated using freeze-dried, formaldehyde-vapour-fixed tissue. The breakdown of VCT cells involves sequestration of glycogen from the central reserve into small cytoplasmic vesicles; subsequent release appears to be mediated by eccrine secretion. The presence of arylsulphatase activity in lysosomes within the peripheral cytoplasm of the VCT cells during the winter months indicates that glycogen breakdown may also be lysosomally mediated. The morphology of the Sertoli cells is described; during the early stages of spermatogenesis they are characterized by the presence of numerous lipid droplets which are depleted as development proceeds. Contact between Sertoli cells and developing spermatogonia is maintained by means of long septate junctions. Following spawning, the well developed lysosomal system is evident in the Sertoli cells and appears to be engaged in intracellular digestion of phagocytosed waste sperm and residual cytoplasm. Resorption of the products of gamete degeneration by the gonoduct epithelial cells is described. During regeneration, VCT cells appear to endocytose material; the ADG cells demonstrate extensive arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum and are occasionally seen undergoing mitosis. A process involving loss of glycogen vesicles from the mantle epithelial cells by means of apocrine sections is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397969
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