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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ranitidine bismuth citrate with clarithromycin alone or with metronidazole for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : Both triple therapy with ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) plus two antibiotics for 7 days and dual therapy of RBC with clarithromycin for 14 days have been extensively studied; both regimens effectively eradicate Helicobacter pylori. However, few studies have assessed the efficacy of dual therapy given for 7 days.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of RBC 400 mg with clarithromycin 500 mg, alone or with metronidazole 400 mg, given twice daily for 7 days for the eradication of H. pylori.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods: This single centre, randomized, double-blind study involved 118 patients with dyspepsia or a history of peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori infection was detected initially by CLO test, and confirmed in 109 patients by urea breath test and/or microbiology culture. H. pylori eradication was assessed 4 and 12 weeks after the end of treatment by urea breath test. H. pylori antibiotic susceptibility was assessed pre-study in all patients, and post-treatment in patients with a positive post-treatment urea breath test. Adverse events were recorded throughout the study.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: H. pylori was eradicated in 93% of patients who received RBC with clarithromycin and metronidazole and in 84% of patients who received RBC with clarithromycin (intention-to-treat rates). Per protocol eradication rates were 98% and 90% for triple therapy and dual therapy, respectively. The eradication of metronidazole-resistant H. pylori was achieved in 100% and 88% of patients following dual therapy and triple therapy, respectively, and acquired resistance to clarithromycin occurred in only one patient following treatment failure. Both treatments were well-tolerated; only one patient (2%) was withdrawn from each treatment group due to adverse events.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions: RBC with clarithromycin and metronidazole is a highly effective and well-tolerated triple therapy regimen for the eradication of H. pylori. RBC with clarithromycin dual therapy has a similar efficacy, and offers an alternative to triple therapy when there are concerns about treatment with metronidazole or the use of multiple antibiotics. Both regimens are effective against antibiotic-resistant strains of H. pylori.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01040.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum yield, relative specific absorption and fluorescence in nitrogen-limited Chaetoceros gracilis (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 94 (1987), S. 489-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Decreases in cell-nitrogen quota resulted in changes in the carbon-based quantum yield of photosynthesis, the chlorophyll a-specific absorption coefficient, and in vivo fluorescence in the marine diatom Chaetoceros gracilis in laboratory experiments performed in 1983 and 1984. The three parameters were independently determined for the two spectral regions dominated by either chlorophyll a or fucoxanthin absorption. As cell-nitrogen quota decreased, the quantum yield for both pigments decreased; the specific absorption coefficient for chlorophyll a and the in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence excited by each pigment increased. The observed increase in the in vivo fluorescence per chlorophyll a could be partially attributed to the increased specific absorption coefficient for chlorophyll a; the remainder of the fluorescence increase was related to a decline in photosystem activity. Energy transfer efficiency between light-harvesting pigments appeared to be maintained as cell-nitrogen quota decreased. The decrease in a fluorescence index [(F DCMU-F O)/F DCMU] with nitrogen starvation suggested a decrease in Photosystem II activity. These results imply that decreases in reaction center and/or electron-transport system activity were responsible for the decline in rates of photosynthesis under conditions of notrogen deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431395
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen assimilation by phytoplankton and other microorganisms in the surface waters of the central North Pacific Ocean (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 39 (1977), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Assimilation rates of 15N-labelled ammonium, urea, and nitrate by plankton in the upper euphotic zone were measured in 2 summer, 2 winter, and 1 spring cruise in the central North Pacific Ocean. Average rates of ammonium plus urea assimilation could not be determined precisely, but were estimated to be 7 to 25 μg-at. N m-3 day-1. Indirect evidence suggested that non-photosynthetic microorganisms contributed to these rates. Nitrate assimilation was negligible in the upper waters considered in this report (above the chlorophyll maximum and the nutricline). Potential, nitrate-saturated rates were in the range 1 to 8 μg-at. N m-3 day-1. Seasonal comparison showed lowest rates of both carbon and nitrogen assimilation rates per chlorophyll a in winter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386996
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoadaption in marine phytoplankton: Response of the photosynthetic unit (1981)
    Springer
    Marine biology 62 (1981), S. 91-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Some species of phytoplankton adapt to low light intensities by increasing the size of the photosynthetic unit (PSU), which is the ratio of light-harvesting pigments to P700 (reaction-center chlorophyll of Photosystem I). PSU size was determined for 7 species of marine phytoplankton grown at 2 light intensities: high (300 μE m-2 s-1) and low (4 μE m-2 s-1); PSU size was also determined for 3 species grown at only high light intensity. PSU size varied among species grown at high light from 380 for Dunaliella euchlora to 915 for Chaetoceros danicus. For most species grown at low light intensity, PSU size increased, while the percentage increase varied among species from 13 to 130%. No change in PSU size was observed for D. euchlora. Photosynthetic efficiency per chlorophyll a (determined from the initial slope of a curve relating photosynthetic rate to light intensity) varied inversely with PSU size. In contrast, photosynthetic efficiency per P700 was enhanced at larger PSU sizes. Therefore, phytoplankton species with intrinsically large PSU sizes probably respond more readily to the rapid fluctuations in light intensity that such organisms experience in the mixed layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388170
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factorisations for partition functions of random Hermitian matrix models (1996)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 179 (1996), S. 25-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The partition functionZ N , for Hermitian-complex matrix models can be expressed as an explicit integral over ℝ N , whereN is a positive integer. Such an integral also occurs in connexion with random surfaces and models of two dimensional quantum gravity. We show thatZ N can be expressed as the product of two partition functions, evaluated at translated arguments, for another model, giving an explicit connexion between the two models. We also give an alternative computation of the partition function for theφ 4-model. The approach is an algebraic one and holds for the functions regarded as formal power series in the appropriate ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02103715
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-ordinating Distributed Knowledge: A Study into the Use of an Organisational Memory (1999)
    Springer
    Cognition, technology & work 1 (1999), S. 142-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5566
    Keywords: Key words: Engineering design – Ethnography – Organisational memory – Teamwork – User appropriation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract: This paper presents an ethnographically informed investigation into the use of an organisational memory, focusing in particular on how information was used in the performance of work. We argue that understanding how people make use of distributed knowledge is crucial to the design of an organisational memory. However, we take the perspective that an ‘organisational memory’ is not technology dependent, but is an emergent property of group interaction. In this sense, the technology does not form the organisational memory, but provides a novel means of augmenting the co-ordination of collaborative action. The study examines the generation, development and maintenance of knowledge repositories and archives. The knowledge and information captured in the organisational memory enabled the team members to establish a common understanding of the design and to gain an appreciation of the issues and concerns of the other disciplines. The study demonstrates why technology should not be thought of in isolation from its contexts of use, but also how designers can make use of the creative flexibility that people employ in their everyday activities. The findings of the study are therefore of direct relevance to both the design of knowledge archives and to the management of this information within organisations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101110050012
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkaline phosphatase activity in subtropical Central North Pacific waters using a sensitive fluorometric method (1972)
    Springer
    Marine biology 15 (1972), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a fluorometric method for assaying low levels of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase in seawater. The assay is based on the hydrolysis of the monophosphate ester bond of 3-0-methylfluorescein phosphate. This enzyme is synthesized by many microorganisms when phosphate becomes limiting. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in phytoplankton from the nutrient-impoverished surface waters of the subtropical Central North Pacific Ocean. The presence of naturally occurring phosphatase suggests that phosphorus may be limiting to phytoplankton growth in these waters. The phytoplankton in water samples lacking enzyme activity at the time of collection produced phosphatase within 1 to 2 days of incubation at in situ temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353639
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurofilament immunoreactivity in populations of rat primary afferent neurons: A quantitative study of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated subunits (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 20 (1991), S. 746-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurofilament subunits in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were examined using five antibodies: NFH, RT97 and NFHP recognise the 200 kDa subunit (NF200); NFH recognises both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of NF200 whereas RT97 and NFHP are specific for the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms respectively; 155 and anti-68 kD recognise the 155 kDa and 68 kDa subunits respectively. All the antibodies apart from NFHP distinguished between the two populations of neurons corresponding to the light (L) and small dark (SD) cell types as previously shown for RT97. This demonstrates that L and SD neurons contain different levels of neurofilament and that the ability to discriminate between them is not unique to the antibody RT97. It is also evident that DRG neurons contain neurofilament composed of all three subunits. Since NFH and RT97, but not NFHP, distinguished between the two populations, it appears that it is the presence of the phosphorylated form of NF200 that provides the basis for discrimination between the two cell types. After dephosphorylation of the neurofilament, NFHP also discriminated between the two populations, indicating that there is more NF200 regardless of phosphorylation state in the L neurons. Observations made from unfixed DRGs indicate that all neurons contain some neurofilament and the neurofilament rich and neurofilament poor populations were also apparent. The use of colchicine apparently caused a small increase in neurofilament levels in at least some perikarya, presumably due to its blocking effect on axoplasmic transport. This caused some SD neurons to become neurofilament rich. We conclude that L neurons contain more neurofilament than SD neurons since both cell types contain non-phosphorylated NF200, but the L neurons also contain a much greater amount of the phosphorylated form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187848
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Populations of rat spinal primary afferent neurons with choleragenoid binding compared with those labelled by markers for neurofilament and carbohydrate groups: a quantitative immunocytochemical study (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 20 (1991), S. 387-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative comparison was made of the population of L5 dorsal root ganglion neurons that bind choleragenoid and the population of neurons labelled by RT97, an anti-neurofilament antibody, SSEA3, an antibody to a globoseries carbohydrate group and 1B2, an antibody to a lactoseries carbohydrate group. Neurons with choleragenoid binding formed a population of 37% of all the cells and 94% of these were also immunoreactive to RT97. The choleragenoid- and RT97-positive groups of cells showed the same size distribution. Two small populations of cells existed which were choleragenoid negative/RT97 positive and choleragenoid positive/RT97 negative. SSEA3 immunoreactivity was found in 8% of the dorsal root ganglion neurons which were of all sizes. The 1B2 immunoreactivity was found in 32% of the dorsal root ganglion cells, the majority of which were in the small size range. More than half of the SSEA3-positive cells but only a few of the 1B2-positive neurons were labelled for choleragenoid. These results demonstrate that choleragenoid labels the majority of the light (RT97-positive) cell population and that light cells unlabelled by choleragenoid are small in number and spread across a wide size range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01355535
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  • 10
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    Guidelines Towards An Integrated Ocean Observation System For Ecosystems And Biogeochemical Cycles (2010)
    OceanObs'09
    In:  In: Proceedings of OceanObs’09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. , ed. by Hall, J., Harrison, D. E. and Stammer, D. ESA Publication, WPP-306 . OceanObs'09, Venice, Italy, p. 8.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
    DOI: 10.5270/OceanObs09.pp.14
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
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