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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sleep and its Disorders : Translational Medicine (2022)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Neurology . ; Internal medicine. ; Psychiatry.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Evolving approaches to identifying genetic risk variants for sleep disorders -- Chapter 2. Neurobiology of sleep-wake control -- Chapter 3. Prostaglandins, adenosine and histaminergic system in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness -- Chapter 4.Sleep and Neuronal Plasticity -- Chapter 5. Epidemiology of Insufficient Sleep -- Chapter 6.Social Factors in Insufficient Sleep -- Chapter 7. Sleep Loss and the Unfolded Protein Response -- Chapter 8. Biological and genetic mechanisms of sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease -- Chapter 9.Diaphragm EMG recording and its application in sleep medicine -- Chapter 10. Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Patients with OSA -- Chapter 11.Neural injury in models of intermittent hypoxia -- Chapter 12. Narcolepsy and Orexin/hypocretin -- Chapter 13.Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: Mechanisms and Treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 282 p. 43 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789402421682
    Series Statement: Translational Medicine Research
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2168-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-2168-2
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycogen in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster: diurnal rhythm and the effect of rest deprivation (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 88 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: One function of sleep is thought to be the restoration of energy stores in the brain depleted during wakefulness. One such energy store found in mammalian brains is glycogen. Many of the genes involved in glycogen regulation in mammals have also been found in Drosophila melanogaster and rest behavior in Drosophila has recently been shown to have the characteristics of sleep. We therefore examined, in the fly, variation in the glycogen contents of the brain, the whole head and the body throughout the rest/activity cycle and after rest deprivation. Glycogen in the brain varies significantly throughout the day (p = 0.001) and is highest during rest and lowest while flies are active. Glycogen levels in the whole head and body do not show diurnal variation. Brain glycogen drops significantly when flies are rest deprived for 3 h (p = 0.034) but no significant differences are observed after 6 h of rest deprivation. In contrast, glycogen is significantly depleted in the body after both 3 and 6 h of rest deprivation (p 〈 0.0001 and p 〈 0.0001, respectively). Glycogen in the fly brain changes in relationship to rest and activity and demonstrates a biphasic response to rest deprivation similar to that observed in mammalian astrocytes in culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02126.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sleep deprivation induces the unfolded protein response in mouse cerebral cortex (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 92 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying sleep. We show the induction of key regulatory proteins in a cellular protective pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR), following 6 h of induced wakefulness. Using C57/B6 male mice maintained on a 12:12 light/dark cycle, we examined, in cerebral cortex, the effect of different durations of prolonged wakefulness (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h) from the beginning of the lights-on inactivity period, on the protein expression of BiP/GRP78, a chaperone and classical UPR marker. BiP/GRP78 expression is increased with increasing durations of sleep deprivation (6, 9 and 12 h). There is no change in BiP/GRP78 levels in handling control experiments carried out during the lights-off period. PERK, the transmembrane kinase responsible for attenuating protein synthesis, which is negatively regulated by binding to BiP/GRP78, is activated by dissociation from BiP/GRP78 and by autophosphorylation. There is phosphorylation of the elongation initiation factor 2α and alteration in ribosomal function. These changes are first observed after 6 h of induced wakefulness. Thus, prolonging wakefulness beyond a certain duration induces the UPR indicating a physiological limit to wakefulness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02952.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymes of adenosine metabolism in the brain: diurnal rhythm and the effect of sleep deprivation (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 85 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adenosine plays a role in promoting sleep, an effect that is thought to be mediated in the basal forebrain. Adenosine levels vary in this region with prolonged wakefulness in a unique way. The basis for this is unknown. We examined, in rats, the activity of the major metabolic enzymes for adenosine – adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase, ecto- and cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase – in sleep/wake regulatory regions as well as cerebral cortex, and how the activity varies across the day and with sleep deprivation. There were robust spatial differences for the activity of adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase, and cytosolic and ecto-5′-nucleotidase. However, the basal forebrain was not different from other sleep/wake regulatory regions apart from the tuberomammillary nucleus. All adenosine metabolic enzymes exhibited diurnal variations in their activity, albeit not in all brain regions. Activity of adenosine deaminase increased during the active period in the ventrolateral pre-optic area but decreased significantly in the basal forebrain. Enzymatic activity of adenosine kinase and cytosolic-5′-nucleotidase was higher during the active period in all brain regions tested. However, the activity of ecto-5′-nucleotidase was augmented during the active period only in the cerebral cortex. This diurnal variation may play a role in the regulation of adenosine in relationship to sleep and wakefulness across the day. In contrast, we found no changes specifically with sleep deprivation in the activity of any enzyme in any brain region. Thus, changes in adenosine with sleep deprivation are not a consequence of alterations in adenosine enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01687.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The validity and feasibility of saliva melatonin assessment in the elderly (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of pineal research 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Recent work in young and middle-aged subjects suggests that melatonin levels in saliva may represent a viable alternative to serum melatonin measurement. We hypothesized that it may be a valid measure of melatonin levels in older adults as well, but features unique to the elderly may limit its utility. To study this, subjects were admitted to an academic medical center where saliva and serum specimens were collected concurrently in dim light conditions during a 14-hr overnight study period and analyzed for melatonin levels with radioimmunoassays (RIAs). Eighty-five subjects over the age of 65 with a broad range of medical conditions participated in the study. Subjects with dementia, depression and anemia were excluded. We found that saliva volume was inadequate for analysis (〈200 μL) in 23.6% of specimens, with the majority of inadequate volume specimens occurring after midnight and inadequate specimens occurring more frequently in females than in males. The correlation coefficient for saliva melatonin and serum melatonin was r = 0.659 (Spearman, P 〈 0.001), and r = 0.466 for saliva dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) and serum DLMO. Saliva melatonin levels were 30.9% of serum melatonin levels, with a wide range of ratios noted between subjects. Overall melatonin levels influenced both the correlation and ratio of saliva melatonin to serum melatonin; higher correlations and lower ratios were noted when melatonin levels were high. Saliva specimens provide an economical and practical method for melatonin assessment, however, in older adults, issues such as hyposalivation and low melatonin levels limit the feasibility and validity, respectively, of saliva melatonin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2003.02945.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estivation in Protopterus (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 190 (1986), S. 237-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Estivation in Protopterus is an episodic event characterized by elaboration of a cocoon as ambient water is withdrawn, a state of torpor, and distinctive cardiorespiratory and metabolic changes. Among the more striking of these features is a decrease in oxygen consumption, a complete reliance on air breathing to satisfy metabolic need, a slowing of the heart rate, and a drop in blood pressure. The initiating mechanism for these dramatic changes is not known. As yet, specific “estivating factors” have not been identified. However, the pattern of decrease in oxygen uptake during estivation and starvation are quite similar, suggesting that a common factor may be involved in both. Attempts to implicate suppression of thyroid function in the onset of estivation have been unconvincing. Although initiating mechanisms for estivation in Protopterus remain uncertain, once estivation sets in a variety of adaptive changes occur that enable the estivating lungfish to survive for months to years without ingesting food or water. Among these are oliguria and a shift in metabolic pathways. Although estivation in Protopterus has been characterized with respect to cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters, no attempt is made to extrapolate from the biologic processes in Protopterus to other lepidosirenid lungfish or to other genera.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051900416
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of ventilatory periodicities (1993)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 21 (1993), S. 537-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Respiration ; Ventilatory control ; pCO2 ; Sleep appnea ; Stability of control systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The study of ventilatory periodicities is relevant to the problem of obstructive sleep apnea. Apneas occur at the nadirs of periodicities during sleep. Periodicities can be caused by chemical instability, related to unstable action of the closed loop feedback system for the chemical regulation of breathing. Such instability occurs when overall loop gain is greater than or equal to unity and the phase lag around the loop is 180°. Periodic breathing during hypoxia and in patients with congestive heart failure is likely to be explained by this mechanism. Periodic breathing can also be the result of state instability. Here ventilation declines at sleep onset and the resultant changes in blood gases trigger an arousal, i.e., sudden transition to a lighter stage of sleep. With arousal, ventilation increases. Thus, periodic breathing is secondary to these changes in sleep state. These processes, chemical instability and state instability, can interact and produce complex patterns of oscillation in ventilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000009
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