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  • 1
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    Carbon isotope record of benthic and planktic foraminifera (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 121-758B; 122-761B; 154-926A; 154-926B; 165-999A; AGE; Caribbean Sea; Cibicidoides mundulus, δ13C; Cibicidoides spp., δ13C; Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, δ13C; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Elevation of event; Event label; Globigerina praebulloides, δ13C; Globigerinoides ruber, δ13C; Globigerinoides trilobus, δ13C; Indian Ocean; Joides Resolution; Laboratory; Latitude of event; Leg121; Leg122; Leg154; Leg165; Longitude of event; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; Size fraction; South Atlantic Ocean; South Indian Ridge, South Indian Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 169 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Boron isotope record of benthic and planktic foraminifera (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 121-758B; 154-926A; 154-926B; 165-999A; AGE; Caribbean Sea; Cibicidoides mundulus, δ11B; Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, δ11B; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Elevation of event; Event label; Globigerina praebulloides, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Globigerina praebulloides, δ11B; Globigerinoides ruber, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Globigerinoides ruber, δ11B; Globigerinoides trilobus, magnesium/calcium ratio; Globigerinoides trilobus, δ11B; Indian Ocean; Joides Resolution; Latitude of event; Leg121; Leg154; Leg165; Longitude of event; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; Size fraction; South Atlantic Ocean; δ11B, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 137 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Planktic and benthic boron and carbon isotopes from ODP sites 121-758, 165-999, 154-926 and 122-761 (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Greenop, Rosanna; Hain, Mathis P; Sosdian, Sindia M; Oliver, Kevin I C; Goodwin, Philip; Chalk, Thomas B; Lear, Caroline H; Wilson, Paul A; Foster, Gavin L (2017): A record of Neogene seawate d11B reconstructed from paired d11B analyses on benthic and planktic foraminifera. Climate of the Past, 13(2), 149-170, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-149-2017
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: The boron isotope composition (d11B) of planktic foraminiferal calcite, which reflects seawater pH, is a well-established proxy for reconstructing palaeo-atmospheric CO2 and seawater carbonate chemistry. However, to translate d11B measurements determined in calcareous fossils into pH we need to know the boron isotope composition of the parent seawater (d11Bsw). While a number of d11Bsw reconstructions exist, the discrepancies between them reveals uncertainties and deficiencies that need to be addressed. Here we present a new d11Bsw record based on the d11B difference between planktic and benthic foraminifera and an estimate of the pH gradient between surface and deep water. We then calculate d11Bsw two different ways. One variant of our method assumes that the pH gradient between surface and deep has remained the same as today over the past 23 Ma; the other uses the d13C gradient between surface and deep to represent change in the pH gradient through time. The results of these two methods of calculating d11Bsw are broadly consistency with each other, however, based on extensive carbon cycle modelling using CYCLOPS and GENIE we favour the d13C gradient method. In our favoured d11Bsw reconstruction, d11Bsw is around 2 per mil lower than today at ~37.5 per mil during the early and middle Miocene and increases to the modern value (39.61 per mil) by ~5 Ma. A similar pattern of change is evident in the seawater composition of three other stable isotope systems, Mg, Li and Ca. Concurrent shifts in the seawater isotopic composition of all four of these elements during the late Miocene, suggest a common forcing mechanism. We hypothesise the most likely cause of these shifts is a change in the isotopic composition of the riverine input, potentially driven by an increase in secondary mineral formation since ~15 Ma.
    Keywords: Ocean Drilling Program; ODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    A record of Neogene seawater δ11B reconstructed from paired δ11B analyses on benthic and planktic foraminifera (2017)
    Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Climate of the Past 13 (2017): 149-170, doi:10.5194/cp-13-149-2017.
    Description: The boron isotope composition (δ11B) of foraminiferal calcite reflects the pH and the boron isotope composition of the seawater the foraminifer grew in. For pH reconstructions, the δ11B of seawater must therefore be known, but information on this parameter is limited. Here we reconstruct Neogene seawater δ11B based on the δ11B difference between paired measurements of planktic and benthic foraminifera and an estimate of the coeval water column pH gradient from their δ13C values. Carbon cycle model simulations underscore that the ΔpH–Δδ13C relationship is relatively insensitive to ocean and carbon cycle changes, validating our approach. Our reconstructions suggest that δ11Bsw was  ∼  37.5 ‰ during the early and middle Miocene (roughly 23–12 Ma) and rapidly increased during the late Miocene (between 12 and 5 Ma) towards the modern value of 39.61 ‰. Strikingly, this pattern is similar to the evolution of the seawater isotope composition of Mg, Li and Ca, suggesting a common forcing mechanism. Based on the observed direction of change, we hypothesize that an increase in secondary mineral formation during continental weathering affected the isotope composition of riverine input to the ocean since 14 Ma.
    Description: The work was supported by NERC grants NE/I006176/1 (Gavin L. Foster and Caroline H. Lear), NE/H006273/1 (Gavin L. Foster), NE/I006168/1 and NE/K014137/1 and a Royal Society Research Merit Award (Paul A. Wilson), a NERC Independent Research Fellowship NE/K00901X/1 (Mathis P. Hain) and a NERC studentship (Rosanna Greenop).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 5
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    Multidecadal accumulation of anthropogenic and remineralized dissolved inorganic carbon along the Extended Ellett Line in the northeast Atlantic Ocean (2016)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 30 (2). pp. 293-310.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Marine carbonate chemistry measurements have been carried out annually since 2009 during UK research cruises along the Extended Ellett Line (EEL), a hydrographic transect in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. The EEL intersects several water masses that are key to the global thermohaline circulation, and therefore the cruises sample a region in which it is critical to monitor secular physical and biogeochemical changes. We have combined results from these EEL cruises with existing quality-controlled observational data syntheses to produce a hydrographic time series for the EEL from 1981 to 2013. This reveals multidecadal increases in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) throughout the water column, with a near-surface maximum rate of 1.800.45 mu molkg(-1)yr(-1). Anthropogenic CO2 accumulation was assessed, using simultaneous changes in apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and total alkalinity (TA) as proxies for the biogeochemical processes that influence DIC. The stable carbon isotope composition of DIC (C-13(DIC)) was also determined and used as an independent test of our method. We calculated a volume-integrated anthropogenic CO2 accumulation rate of 2.80.4mgCm(-3)yr(-1) along the EEL, which is about double the global mean. The anthropogenic CO2 component accounts for only 316% of the total DIC increase. The remainder is derived from increased organic matter remineralization, which we attribute to the lateral redistribution of water masses that accompanies subpolar gyre contraction. Output from a general circulation ecosystem model demonstrates that spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the observations has not significantly biased our multidecadal rate of change calculations and indicates that the EEL observations have been tracking distal changes in the surrounding North Atlantic and Nordic Seas.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GB005246
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    On which timescales do gas transfer velocities control North Atlantic CO2 flux variability? (2016)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 30 (5). pp. 787-802.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: The North Atlantic is an important basin for the global ocean's uptake of anthropogenic and natural carbon dioxide (CO2), but the mechanisms controlling this carbon flux are not fully understood. The air-sea flux of CO2, F, is the product of a gas transfer velocity, k, the air-sea CO2 concentration gradient, ΔpCO2, and the temperature- and salinity-dependent solubility coefficient, α. k is difficult to constrain, representing the dominant uncertainty in F on short (instantaneous to interannual) timescales. Previous work shows that in the North Atlantic, ΔpCO2 and k both contribute significantly to interannual F variability but that k is unimportant for multidecadal variability. On some timescale between interannual and multidecadal, gas transfer velocity variability and its associated uncertainty become negligible. Here we quantify this critical timescale for the first time. Using an ocean model, we determine the importance of k, ΔpCO2, and α on a range of timescales. On interannual and shorter timescales, both ΔpCO2 and k are important controls on F. In contrast, pentadal to multidecadal North Atlantic flux variability is driven almost entirely by ΔpCO2; k contributes less than 25%. Finally, we explore how accurately one can estimate North Atlantic F without a knowledge of nonseasonal k variability, finding it possible for interannual and longer timescales. These findings suggest that continued efforts to better constrain gas transfer velocities are necessary to quantify interannual variability in the North Atlantic carbon sink. However, uncertainty in k variability is unlikely to limit the accuracy of estimates of longer-term flux variability.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GB005267
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Multi-level emulation of complex climate model responses to boundary forcing data (2019)
    Springer
    In:  Climate Dynamics, 52 (3-4). pp. 1505-1531.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Climate model components involve both high-dimensional input and output fields. It is desirable to efficiently generate spatio-temporal outputs of these models for applications in integrated assessment modelling or to assess the statistical relationship between such sets of inputs and outputs, for example, uncertainty analysis. However, the need for efficiency often compromises the fidelity of output through the use of low complexity models. Here, we develop a technique which combines statistical emulation with a dimensionality reduction technique to emulate a wide range of outputs from an atmospheric general circulation model, PLASIM, as functions of the boundary forcing prescribed by the ocean component of a lower complexity climate model, GENIE-1. Although accurate and detailed spatial information on atmospheric variables such as precipitation and wind speed is well beyond the capability of GENIE-1’s energy-moisture balance model of the atmosphere, this study demonstrates that the output of this model is useful in predicting PLASIM’s spatio-temporal fields through multi-level emulation. Meaningful information from the fast model, GENIE-1 was extracted by utilising the correlation between variables of the same type in the two models and between variables of different types in PLASIM. We present here the construction and validation of several PLASIM variable emulators and discuss their potential use in developing a hybrid model with statistical components.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00382-018-4205-4
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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