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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 15 (1967), S. 480-488 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Ecological studies of the kelp forests of Pacific North America have understandably stressed the larger vegetational components. An important vegetational component, previously neglected, is a taxonomically complex “turf” or parvosilvosa (Gislén 1930), composed of small algae and microscopic reproductive or developmental forms of larger algae. 2. This report considers the ecological importance of this smaller plant component within the framework of the overall vegetational structure. Both diving studies and the cultivation of experimental material in the laboratory under controlled conditions have been utilized to probe the questions involved. 3. Rocks and shells covered with representative algal turf have been cultured in the laboratory in naturally or artificially-illuminated tanks provided with a continuous supply of filtered seawater, and the resulting species composition has been compared with that occurring in nature. 4. Both luxuriant forms of previously collected material and new forms have been observed in these cultures. Certain of these algae grow extremely well in culture and in some cases continue to reproduce, generating successive crops of plants. Growth rates under laboratory conditions for a few species have been measured and approach what might be expected in the field. 5. Elective culture results suggest that many benthic algae may well exist for periods of time as “resting” or “resistant” stages, awaiting favorable environmental conditions. Stages such as those postulated have been produced in the laboratory. 6. Complete taxonomic or ecological surveys of subtidal areas, and particularly the deeper benthic regions near the lower limits of plant distribution would benefit from culture studies of the type described. Subtidal benthic algae also lend themselves readily to experimental manipulation, and the results obtained to date, although preliminary, suggest possible experimental approache to subtidal ecology.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Als „Parvosilvosa“ werden taxonomisch komplexe, rasenartige Pflanzenbestände bezeichnet, die aus kleinen Algen und mikroskopischen Entwicklungsstadien größerer Algen bestehen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung erörtert die ökologische Bedeutung dieser Pflanzenkomponente als Teil der örtlichen Gesamtflora; sie basiert auf Schwimmtauch-Studien und Laboratoriumsexperimenten. Mit „Parvosilvosa“ bedeckte Felsstücke und Molluskenschalen wurden unter Laboratoriumsbedingungen natürlichem und künstlichem Licht ausgesetzt. In den Kulturen konnten sowohl luxurierende Formen von bereits aus dem Biotop bekanntem Material als auch neue Formen festgestellt werden. Einige dieser Algen wuchsen sehr gut in Kultur und schritten zur sexuellen Fortpflanzung. Offenbar existieren viele benthonische Algen zeitweise in Form von Ruhestadien. Unter günstigen Bedingungen — wie sie beispielsweise in unseren Kulturen geboten werden — wachsen sie dann zu adulten Pflanzen heran. Die Erfassung des gesamten Algenbestandes eines Biotops dürfte durch die hier angewandten Methoden erleichtert werden. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen ergeben neue Ansatzpunkte für experimentelle Arbeiten im Litoral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 99-104 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: AIDS ; antiviral ; herpes ; red algae ; seaweed ; sulfated polysaccharide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It is possible that heparin-like sulfated polysaccharides from red algae, or fractions thereof, might be found to be low-cost, broad-spectrum antiviral agents. The prevailing view among virologists has been that sulfated polysaccharides inhibit viral action by acting only at the surfaces of cells. This perception now is changing with the finding that both the herpes virus (containing DNA) and human immunodeficiency virus (containing RNA) are inhibited by sulfated polysaccharides that act within the cell as well as external to it. Aqueous extracts of many red algae are active against retroviruses. Carrageenan, a common cell wall polysaccharide from red algae, is co-internalized into infected cells with the Herpes simplex virus (HSV), inhibiting the virus. Carrageenan also interferes with fusion (syncytium formation) between cells infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and inhibits the specific retroviral enzyme reverse transcriptase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Macrocystis ; Mass distribution ; California ; New Zealand ; Mathematical models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mass distribution along the fronds of Macrocystis is examined for plants collected from California and New Zealand. Analysis of fronds classified according to length and condition yields polynomial curves for cumulative mass as a function of distance above the holdfast. Models for this functional relationship are discussed. Similarities and differences between the deep-water California plant and the shallow-water New Zealand plant are highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 260-261 (1993), S. 223-229 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Gelidium ; agarophyte ; life-history ; reproduction ; spore release ; spore germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The reproductive potential of the tetrasporangial phase of Gelidium robustum was studied for 16 months at two sites off Santa Barbara, California. In all samples tetrasporangial thalli were always more abundant than gametangial ones. Tetratrasporangial sori were present throughout the duration of the study but relative fecundity was highest [300–400 sori g−1 (w. wt)] in spring/summer samples of consecutive years, as a result of increasing numbers both of tetrasporangial branchlets per plant and of sori per branchlet. On the other hand, laboratory experiments showed that tetraspore release per sorus was highest (150–250 spores sorus−1 d−1) in winter. Inferring from these field and laboratory data plants released up to ± 34 000 tetraspores g−1 (w. wt) d−1 in the spring/summer of the second study year. Tetraspore germination, under defined culture conditions, also showed a marked seasonality increasing sharply from less than 10% in winter up to almost 60% in spring/summer, thus coinciding with the period of maximal spore output per plant. These results suggest that although relatively high numbers of tetraspores may be released by G. robustum plants all year round these might not always have the potential to germinate and recruit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Macrocystis ; discrete models ; kelp ; whole plant ; projection matrix ; New Zealand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A Leslie-Lewis matrix projection model and a Markov chain model for whole plant growth in the giant Kelp,Macrocystis pyrifera, are developed and compared. Parameters of the models are estimated from field data gathered from several plants in New Zealand over a four-month period. Interpretations of the results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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