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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occult Metastases in Axillary Lymph Nodes as a Predictor of Survival in Node-Negative Breast Carcinoma with Long-term Follow-up (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Increased detection rate in the lymph nodes is seen with serial sectioning or immunohistochemistry (IHC), but the importance of occult metastases is not resolved. IHC is still not recommended in routine examination of lymph nodes. Axillary lymph nodes from 385 node-negative breast cancer patients with a median follow-up of 25 years were examined with IHC for cytokeratins, applied on routine sections. The association between classic histopathologic prognostic factors and the presence of occult metastases was evaluated. Metastases were found in 45 of 385 cases (12%), 21 metastases (47%) measured ≤0.2 mm, 8 (18%) were larger than 2 mm; 14 metastases were located in the subcapsular sinus, 22 in the parenchyma of the lymph node; and 51% (23/45) of the metastases were recognized on hematoxylin-eosin staining on “second look.” The detection of metastases was significantly associated with the number of sectioned lymph nodes (6% metastases for one to five lymph nodes examined versus 17% for more than five lymph nodes) and with histologic subtype (metastases in 11% of the ductal versus 33% of the lobular carcinomas). No significant association was found between occult metastases and age, tumor size, histologic grade, estrogen or progesterone receptor status, p53, or c-erbB-2. Metastases larger than 2 mm predicted a poorer recurrence-free survival rate for the whole series. A subcapsular location of the metastases was a strong predictor of overall survival. Whether or not the metastases could be identified on hematoxylin-eosin sections did not have any prognostic significance. In the multivariate analysis, histologic grade, tumor size of the primary tumor, progesterone receptor status, and the presence of occult metastasis in the lymph nodes had a prognostic impact on survival with a 25-year follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2004.21328.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pilomatrix carcinoma with lymph node metastases (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pilomatrix carcinoma is a rare skin tumor with an origin from hair matrix cells. The tumor is locally aggressive with a great tendency for recurrence, but the metastatic potential is limited. A pilomatrix carcinoma in 76-year-old female with lymph node metastases is presented. In addition to classical histopathological criteria and DNA ploidy analysis, a broad panel of antibodies was used for evaluation of the metastatic potential. Both primary tumor and lymph node metastasis revealed extremely high proliferation and apoptotic rates. High constant expressions of CD44v6 and P-cadherin were also observed. In the metastasis, significant reduction of E-cadherin and β-catenin was detected. The best approach for assessment of metastatic potential of pilomatrix carcinoma seems to be the complex evaluation of routine histological criteria like vessel invasion, mitotic index, apoptotic count, and new molecular markers of cell death and adhesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0303-6987.2004.0178.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmacytoid myoepithelioma of the palate (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 10 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We present the second case of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma of the palate, which was studied by light and electron microscopy. Apart from plasmacytoid cells, some spindle-shaped cells were also observed. Both types of neoplastic cells had myoepithelial features, showing abundant 50–80 A thick filaments in the cytoplasm, and exhibited desmosomal junctions. A few light cells with less abundant filaments and better equipped with other organelles were observed.Our findings show that there is no clear-cut distinction between the so-called plasmacytoid myoepithelioma and the spindle and stellate myoepithelioma. We suggest that the ultrastructural appearance of these tumors together with the usual histological criteria for malignancy may be used to evaluate their prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1981.tb01243.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA damage response as a candidate anti-cancer barrier in early human tumorigenesis (2005)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 434 (2005), S. 864-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During the evolution of cancer, the incipient tumour experiences ‘oncogenic stress’, which evokes a counter-response to eliminate such hazardous cells. However, the nature of this stress remains elusive, as does the inducible anti-cancer barrier that elicits growth arrest or cell death. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03482
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: multimodal diagnosis and identification of a new cytogenetic subgroup characterized by t(9;17)(q22;q11) (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 524-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Karyotype ; Cytogenetic analysis ; Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma ; Pathology ; Soft tissue tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue tumour that can be difficult to diagnose correctly, especially preoperatively. We describe four cases of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the extremities diagnosed by a multimodal approach. The cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates showed small and round, mildly pleomorphic cells lying in sheets and cords, but also dispersed within a myxoid and metachromatic intercellular substance. Histological, electron microscopic and immunocytochemical examination also yielded findings compatible with the diagnosis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated a t(9;22)(q22;q12) in two tumours and a t(9;17)(q22;q11) in the third and fourth. The translocation t(9;22)(q22;q12) has been described repeatedly in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma but never in other tumours; hence, the detection of this pathognomonic chromosome abnormality in short-term cultured cells from fine-needle aspirates verified the diagnosis in two of the cases. The t(9;17)(q22;q11) found in the last two cases probably represents a new cytogenetic subgroup of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma as it, too, is unknown in other contexts. The multimodal approach taken in these four cases enabled a definite diagnosis of a rare malignant tumour whose cytological and histological features alone are usually not sufficiently distinct to rule out other differential diagnostic possibilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050437
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and electron immunohistochemical features of medullary thyroid carcinoma (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 414 (1989), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thyroid neoplasms ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Calcitonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study, both morphological and immunohistochemical, has been carried out on eight thyroglobulin-positive and nine thyroglobulin-negative medullary carcinomas of the thyroid. The morphometric analysis of granule size showed that all tumours contained cells with small granules and cells with medium size granules, whereas eight tumours had additional cells with large granules. The small granules had an electron dense core, while the medium and large sized granules were both pale-cored and dense-cored. The cells with small, medium or large secretory granules were all immunoreactive for calcitonin and CGRP. No ultrastructural differences were observed between thyroglobulin-positive and thyroglobulin-negative cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718620
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solitary fibrous tumour of the thyroid: Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of three cases (1993)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 422 (1993), S. 491-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Solitary fibrous tumour ; Mesenchymal tumour ; Thyroid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe three cases of solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) arising from thyroid stroma. Grossly, the tumours were clearly delimited but only partly encapsulated. The following histomorphological growth patterns were observed: bundles of cells in storiform configuration; non-structured bundles; prevalence of fibrous matrix; highly cellular, non-structured; prevalence of loose, non-structured extracellular substance; cellular proliferation and vascular spaces in a haemangiopericytic configuration and a lipomatous component. Immunohistochemical investigation demonstrated intense, diffuse vimentin positivity and focal, less intense actin positivity in all three cases. At electron microscopy we observed a primitive cell of mesenchymal type, with cytoplasm poor in organelles and rich in filaments; this cell sometimes presented differentiation characteristics. SFT is at present the most correct term for the lesions presented here despite some morphological characteristics which differ from cases reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606459
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of E-cadherin and its relation to the p53 protein status in human breast carcinomas (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 317-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Breast carcinomas ; p53 ; TP53 gene ; E-cadherin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Genomic instability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In breast carcinomas the TP53 gene is altered in 10–30% of cases. Alteration of the gene may lead to a general genomic instability, detected as deletions and/or amplifications at the gene level, and as altered expression at the mRNA and protein level. We have demonstrated a strong association between down-regulation of E-cadherin protein expression and alterations of the p53 protein, detected as TP53 gene mutation and/or protein accumulation in tumour samples from 210 patients with breast carcinomas (P 〈0.001). Investigation of allelic imbalance using microsatellite markers located near the E-cadherin locus was also performed. A higher frequency of loss of heterozygosity in the microsatellite marker closest to the E-cadherin locus was observed in samples with down-regulation of E-cadherin protein expression. A higher frequency of down-regulation of the E-cadherin protein expression was found in invasive lobular carcinomas than in invasive ductal carcinomas, although this difference was of borderline significant (P=0.084). Cases in the present series were also immunostained for c-erbB-2 protein overexpression. A significant association between p53 protein accumulation and cerbB-2 protein overexpression was seen (P=0.036). The results of the present study indicate that p53 protein may play a role in regulation of E-cadherin protein expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050105
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of cyclin Ds in relation to p53 status in human breast carcinomas (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Breast cancer ; Cyclin D1 ; p53 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Cyclin D1 has been reported to be overexpressed in many tumours, including breast carcinomas. Cyclin D1 was first identified as a protooncogene (BCL1/PRAD1), and its overexpression was related to tumour proliferation. The product has also recently been identified as important in mediating cell cycle growth arrest via the p53 pathway in murin fibroblast cell lines. Ninety breast carcinomas previously analysed for p53 status were analysed for amplification of cyclin D1, D2 and D3 genes by Southern blot analysis and for protein expression by immunhistochemistry. In 10 samples gene amplification was detected at the cyclin D1 locus. No gene amplification was detected at the cyclin D2 and D3 loci. Immunoreactivity for cyclin D1 was detected in 38 (42.2%) tumour tissue samples. Fifty samples were immunostained for cyclin D2 and D3. Only 2 samples (4%) showed immunoreactivty for cyclin D2, and 9 samples (18%) for cyclin D3. Cyclin D1 protein overexpression was significantly more often found in tumours with wild type p53 and in tumours with higher grades of differentiation expressing ER. No association was seen between gene amplification of the cyclin D1 gene and p53 status. We conclude there is a relationship between wild type p53 and cyclin D1 protein overexpression in clinical material, indicating that cyclin D1 may be another downstream effector of p53.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050240
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern of expression of intermediate cytokeratin filaments in the thyroid gland: an immunohistochemical study of simple and stratified epithelial-type cytokeratins (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Papillary carcinoma ; Follicular carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cytokeratin filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of simple and stratified epithelial-type cytokeratin (CK) intermediate filaments was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a series of 41 papillary carcinomas, 10 follicular carcinomas, 2 poorly differentiated carcinomas and 34 specimens of normal thyroid parenchyma and lymphocytic thyroiditis. The aim of the study was to establish the CK profile of normal thyroid and thyroid carcinomas in order to clarify the putative application of CK immunostaining in diagnostic surgical pathology, and to evaluate whether the process of neoplastic transformation and tumour progression in the thyroid may be associated with any particular change in CK expression. Normal thyroid strongly expressed simple epithelial-type CKs 7 and 18 and, to a lesser degree, CKs 8 and 19, but did not express stratified epithelial-type CKs. The same pattern was found in lymphocytic thyroiditis, though the CK 19 immunoreactivity was stronger in these lesions than in the normal thyroid. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas shared the expression of simple epithelial-type CKs 7, 8, 18 and 19. Immunoreactivity for CK 19 was frequently stronger and more widely distributed within each particular tumour in papillary than in follicular carcinomas, but it could also be detected, at least focally, in every follicular carcinoma. Strong expression of CK 19 highlighted small foci of papillary carcinoma not easily identifiable by conventional histological examination. Stratified epithelial-type CKs 5/6 and 13 were detected in a high percentage of papillary carcinomas, in contrast to their absence in follicular carcinomas and normal thyroid. The CK pattern was similar in primary and metastatic papillary carcinomas. We conclude that papillary carcinoma of the thyroid presents a distinct CK profile that may be used for diagnostic purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01324808
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