Note: Intro -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Part I Water Resources Management -- 1 Water: How Secure Are We Under Climate Change? -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Water Security -- 1.3 Water Supply and Demand -- 1.3.1 Water Availability -- 1.3.2 Water Demand and Use -- 1.4 Global Water Situation -- 1.5 Causes of Water Scarcity -- 1.5.1 Demography -- 1.5.2 Climate Change -- 1.6 Ameliorating Water Scarcity -- 1.7 Key Issues and Challenges -- 1.8 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Influence of Stemflow Measurement on Interception Estimation Under Eucalyptus Plantations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methodology -- 2.2.1 Description of the Study Area and Plantations Characteristics -- 2.2.2 Throughfall Measurements -- 2.2.3 Stemflow Measurement -- 2.2.4 Estimation of Interception Loss -- 2.2.5 Results and Discussion -- 2.2.6 Estimation of Interception Loss Using Measured TF and SF: Rainfall Partitioning in Relation to Incident Rainfall (R) -- 2.2.7 Estimation of Interception Loss Using Measured TF and a Fixed Value of SF (i.e., I5, I7.5 and I10 for 5, 7.5 and 10% of Incident Rainfall Respectively) -- 2.2.8 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Strategic Human Resources in Water Sources Development -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methodology -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Water Budget Monitoring of the Ganga River Basin Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Study Area and Methodology -- 4.2.1 Study Area -- 4.2.2 Data Sources -- 4.2.3 Methodology -- 4.3 Results and Discussion -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Evaluation of SWAT Model for Simulating the Water Balance Components for the Dudh Koshi River Basin in Nepal -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Materials and Methodology -- 5.2.1 Study Area -- 5.2.2 Data Collection and Analysis -- 5.2.3 SWAT Model Setup -- 5.3 Results and Discussions. , 5.3.1 Sensitivity Analysis -- 5.3.2 Model Calibration and Validation -- 5.3.3 Simulated and Observed Discharge at Rabuwa Bazaar Outlet -- 5.3.4 Water Balance Study of the Basin -- 5.4 Conclusion -- 5.5 Recommendations -- References -- 6 Rejuvenating Water Wisdom: A Route to Resilience -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Rainfall Variability -- 6.3 Water Resources Potential in the River Basins of India -- 6.4 Per Capita Water Availability in India -- 6.5 Challenges in Water Sector -- 6.6 Causes of the Water Crisis in India -- 6.7 Climate Resilient Water Resources: Challenges and Opportunities -- 6.8 Traditional Water Conservation: The Promising Potential -- 6.9 Cooperation Continuum a Solution -- 6.10 Cessation Remarks -- References -- 7 Reliability Analysis of Water Distribution Network: A Case Study of Bole and Yeka Sub-city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Reliability Parameters and Assessment Methods -- 7.2.1 Mechanical Reliability -- 7.2.2 Hydraulic Reliability -- 7.2.3 Water Quality Reliability -- 7.3 Reliability Analysis of Case Study Network -- 7.3.1 Case Study -- 7.3.2 Modeling and Simulation of WDN -- 7.3.3 Reliability Assessment -- 7.3.4 Water Quality Reliability -- 7.4 Results and Discussion -- 7.4.1 Water Source and Demand -- 7.4.2 Water Distribution Network Modeling -- 7.4.3 Simulation of Water Distribution Network -- 7.4.4 Reliability Assessment -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 HEC-HMS and Geo-HMS Based Flood Hazard Modeling of an Industrial Complex -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Materials and Method -- 8.4 Model Inputs -- 8.5 Calibration of HEC-HMS Model Parameters -- 8.6 Result and Discussion -- 8.7 Sensitivity Analysis of the Calibrated Parameters -- 8.8 Sensitivity Analysis of Lag Time -- 8.9 Sensitivity Analysis of Imperviousness -- 8.10 Sensitivity Analysis of Curve Number -- 8.11 Conclusion. , References -- 9 A Stochastic Model-Based Monthly Rainfall Prediction Over a Large River Basin -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Study Area and Data -- 9.3 Methodology -- 9.4 Results and Discussion -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Study of Meteorological Drought Using Standardized Precipitation Index in Chaliyar River Basin, Southwest India -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Study Area -- 10.3 Materials and Methods -- 10.3.1 Description of Data Used -- 10.3.2 Drought Characterization -- 10.3.3 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) -- 10.3.4 SPI Computation Algorithm -- 10.4 Results and Discussion -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Estimation of the Function of a Paddy Field for Reduction of Flood Risk -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Method and Materials -- 11.2.1 Field Scale Study -- 11.2.2 Basin Scale Modeling -- 11.2.3 Data Obtained for Simulation -- 11.3 Result and Discussion -- 11.3.1 Field Scale Study -- 11.3.2 Basin Scale Study -- 11.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part II Water Quality Management -- 12 Environmental Tracers in the Identification of the Groundwater Salinity-Case Studies from Northwest India -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Materials and Methods -- 12.2.1 Study Area -- 12.2.2 Sampling and Analysis -- 12.3 Results and Discussion -- 12.3.1 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) -- 12.3.2 Environmental Tracers -- 12.4 Conclusion -- References -- 13 A Regional Case Study for Flow of Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) Through Solid Waste Management System -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.1.1 Objective and Scope -- 13.2 Literature Review -- 13.2.1 Material Flow Analysis -- 13.2.2 Material Flow Analysis on Lead -- 13.2.3 Material Flow Analysis on Chromium -- 13.3 Material and Methods -- 13.3.1 Study Area -- 13.3.2 Data Collection -- 13.3.3 Scenarios for Analysis -- 13.3.4 Estimations for Material Flow Analysis -- 13.4 Results and Discussion. , 13.5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 14 Performance Analysis of Constructed Wetland Treating Secondary Effluent Under Cold Climatic Conditions in Hamirpur (H.P.), India -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Materials and Methods -- 14.2.1 Study Area -- 14.2.2 Selection of Macrophytes -- 14.2.3 Selection of Substrate Material -- 14.2.4 Design and Construction of the Experimental Set-Up -- 14.2.5 Operation of the Experimental System -- 14.2.6 Sampling and Analytical Analysis -- 14.2.7 Plant Growth -- 14.2.8 Modelling and Statistical Analyses -- 14.3 Results and Discussion -- 14.3.1 Plant Growth -- 14.3.2 Measurement of pH, DO, TDS and EC -- 14.3.3 Removal of Pollutants -- 14.3.4 Result of Modelling and Statistical Analysis -- 14.4 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- 15 Exploring Challenges in Effective Wastewater Treatment for Dairy Industries -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Methodology -- 15.2.1 Sources of Wastewater in Dairy Industry -- 15.2.2 Literature Review -- 15.3 Results -- 15.3.1 Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bioreactor (UASB)/Upflow Anaerobic Packed Bed Bioreactor (UAPB) -- 15.3.2 Use of Antibiotics in Animals and Its Impact on Human Health -- 15.4 Discussion -- 15.5 Conclusion -- References -- 16 Impacts of Agriculture-Based Contaminants on Groundwater Quality -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Agro-Chemicals Used in Crop Cultivation -- 16.3 Fertilizers Used for Crop Cultivation -- 16.4 Pesticide Used for Crop Cultivation -- 16.5 Herbicide Used for Crop Cultivation -- 16.6 Insecticides Used for Crop Cultivation -- 16.7 Fungicide Used for Crop Cultivation -- 16.8 Agrochemicals and Their Impacts on Groundwater -- 16.9 Remedial Measures -- 16.10 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Irrigation Management -- 17 Assessment of Productivity Based Efficiencies for Optimal Utilization of Water Resources in a Command -- 17.1 Introduction. , 17.2 Materials and Methodology -- 17.2.1 Crop Water Use Index (CWUI) -- 17.2.2 Irrigation Water Use Index (IWUI) -- 17.2.3 Economic Water Use Index (EWUI) -- 17.2.4 Gross Production Water Use Index (GPWUI) -- 17.2.5 Irrigation Economic Water Use Index (IEWUI) -- 17.2.6 Estimation of Irrigation Water Delivered to the Field (IWDF) -- 17.2.7 Factors Affecting Seepage Rates from Canals -- 17.2.8 Estimation of Seepage Losses from the Canal -- 17.2.9 Estimation of Irrigation Water Applied -- 17.3 Results and Discussion -- 17.3.1 Yield and Its Components -- 17.3.2 Irrigation Water Delivered to the Field (IWDF) -- 17.3.3 Water Use Efficiencies -- 17.4 Conclusion -- References -- 18 Two-Components Flow Regulating Drip Emitter-Design, Simulation and Optimization -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Materials and Methodology -- 18.2.1 Theoretical Considerations -- 18.2.2 Hydraulic Design of Emitter -- 18.2.3 Parameters for Emitter Design -- 18.2.4 Mathematical Models -- 18.3 Results -- 18.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 19 An Automated Wireless Irrigation System: Without Internet Connectivity -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 HAM Radio -- 19.2.1 HAM Radio for Data Communication -- 19.2.2 Advantages and Limitations of HAM Radio Data Communication -- 19.2.3 HAM Radio for Agriculture-IoT Data Communication -- 19.2.4 Working Principle -- 19.2.5 WiMax -- 19.2.6 Working Principle -- 19.3 Advantages and Limitations of WiMAX -- 19.4 WiMAX for Agriculture-IoT Data Communication -- 19.5 Working Principle -- 19.6 Conclusion -- References -- 20 IoT Based Automated Irrigation Management Technique for Climate Smart Agriculture -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 The Importance of Water in Agriculture -- 20.3 Irrigation Techniques -- 20.4 Background of IoT Technology in the Field of Agriculture and Recent Developments -- 20.5 Methodology. , 20.5.1 Different Sensors Used in Irrigation Systems.