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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Freshwaters of Alaska : Ecological Syntheses. (1996)
    New York, NY :Springer,
    Details
    Keywords: Freshwater ecology-Alaska. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (382 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781461206774
    Series Statement: Ecological Studies ; v.119
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6493163
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Freshwaters of Alaska : ecological syntheses (1997)
    New York : Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Freshwater ecology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Alaska ; Süßwasser ; Limnologie
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XVII, 369 S , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    ISBN: 038794379X
    Series Statement: Ecological studies 119
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/18772864X.pdf
    URL: http://d-nb.info/949413135/04
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0815/95037682-d.html
    URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0815/95037682-t.html
    DDC: 574.5/2632/09798
    RVK:
    RU 60360
    RVK:
    WI 4700
    RVK:
    WI 1300
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Image analysis of aerial photography to quantify changes in channel morphology and instream habitat following placer mining in interior Alaska (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 34 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. ‘Placer’ mining for alluvial deposits of gold in a number of stream systems in interior Alaska represents a major disturbance to the stream bed and affects habitat for biotic communities.2. The potential of analysing aerial photographs to map changes in channel habitat and morphology within gravel-bed rivers is outlined with reference to the impact and recovery of Faith Creek, a second-order stream with a history of placer mining.3. A strong correlation between the reflectance of the channel bed and water depth is necessary to use the technique succesfully, together with a knowledge of the effects of ‘broken’water on the spectral characteristics of rivers.4. Image analysis demonstrated that a wide range of water depths and instream mesoscale habitats existed prior to mining. During mining, the stream was confined to a channellized reach with negligible deep water or habitat diversity.5. Since mining ceased the stream has abandoned its channellized course and formed a new channel with few deep pools. It is suggested that geomorphological recovery and associated habitat recovery takes a number of large flood events and is likely to require more than 10 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00897.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonization and ecological development of new streams in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY 1. Colonization and ecological development of postglacial freshwater communities was investigated in Glacier Bay National Park, south-eastern Alaska, following the rapid recession of a Neo-glacial ice sheet within the last 250 years.2. Environmental variables shown to be most significant in stream development were temperature, flow regime and sedimentation.3. The Chironomidae (Diptera) were the pioneer invertebrate colonizers of newly emergent streams arising as meltwater from receding ice sheets and displayed a distinct pattern of succession with stream maturity.4. Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera colonized warmer clearwater streams, but Trichoptera had a minimal role in invertebrate community development.5. Establishment and production of salmonid fish populations in the new streams related principally to stream flow and sediment characteristics.6. Future pathways along which the streams may develop is probably dependent on the degree of large organic debris input.7. Stream development, structure and function are summarized including reference to theories of ecosystem development, ecological succession and community stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1987.tb01295.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glacial rivers: physical habitat and ecology (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 32 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. This review examines the physical habitat and ecology of glacial rivers which have been relatively unstudied compared with rivers originating from other sources.2. Typical glacial rivers have summer temperatures below 10°C, a single seasonal peak in discharge, which in the Northern Hemisphere typically occurs in July, a diel fluctuation in flow which usually peaks in late afternoon, and turbidity levels in summer that exceed 30 NTU. These variables contrast with those in snowmelt/rainfall streams, particularly in summer, and make conditions more extreme for the biota.3. Where maximum temperatures are 〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00465070:FWB295:les" location="les.gif"/〉2°C benthic invertebrate communities are dominated by Diamcsa (Chironomidae). Downstream, temperatures increase, channels become more stable and valley floors become older. Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae), Simuliidae, Baetidae, Nemouridae and Chloroperlidae become characteristic members of the invertebrate community.4. Fauna may be displaced, or at least colonization delayed, by channel instability; the variable age structure of the valley floor will influence the faunal gradient, which may also be reset by the effects of tributaries, lakes and valley confinement.5. We propose a qualitative model that outlines zoobenthic community gradients determined by two principal variables, water temperature and channel stability, as a function of distance downstream, or time since deglaciation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1994.tb01127.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonization and succession of invertebrate communities in a new stream in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 32 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Invertebrate colonization of a new stream following glacial recession is documented for a 12 year period from 1978 to 1990.2. Invertebrates, particularly Chironomidae, displayed site-specific temporal succession over the study period, at the end of which a number of the pioneer colonizers were no longer collected.3. Maximum species richness was found in 1988, whereas total invertebrate density was greatest in 1978, 10 years earlier.4. Water temperature appeared to be the most significant factor determining the year of colonization of invertebrate taxa. As a result, deterministic trends were apparent in patterns of invertebrate colonization and succession.5. Salmonids first colonized the stream in 1988. Dietary analyses of juvenile Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) showed preferential selection for blackfly and small chironomid larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1994.tb01134.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends of macroinvertebrate community structure in glacier-fed rivers in relation to environmental conditions: a synthesis (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 46 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to predict macroinvertebrate taxonomic richness and individual taxon diversity at the reach level across seven European glacier-fed river sites from a set of 11 environmental variables. Maximum water temperature and channel stability were found to explain the most deviance in these models.2. Using this information, and data from other recent studies of glacier-fed rivers, a modified conceptual model based on Milner & Petts (1994) is presented which predicts the occurrence of macroinvertebrate families and subfamilies as determined by maximum water temperature (Tmax) and channel stability. This deterministic model only applies to the summer meltwater period when abiotic variables drive community structure.3. Where maximum water temperature is below 2 °C, Diamesinae chironomids are typically the sole inhabitants, but where Tmax 〉2 °C but 〈4 °C Orthocladiinae are found and, where channels are more stable, Tipulidae and Oligochaeta also occur. Above 4 °C Perlodidae, Taeniopterygidae, Baetidae, Simuliidae and Empididae can be expected to be part of the glacier-fed river community, particularly in Europe.4. At other times of the year when environmental conditions ameloriate, glacial rivers support higher macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity, with a number of taxa present that are not found during the summer melt period.5. Dispersal constraints influence macroinvertebrate assemblages of many glacier-fed rivers located on islands and in some alpine areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00861.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of glacial runoff on stream macroinvertebrate communities in the Taillon catchment, French Pyrénées (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 46 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Benthic communities were sampled from five sites within a glacial catchment in the Cirque du Gavaranie, French Pyrénées, over two consecutive years (i) to investigate whether longitudinal patterns in zoobenthic communities exist downstream of a glacial margin and (ii) to identify the principal environmental variables influencing such patterns.2. There was a distinct zonation of communities with increasing distance from the glacial margin. Ordination of the zoobenthic distribution indicated sites were separated by the relative contributions of taxa rather than their presence or absence. A shift in community composition and diversity separated a kryal type community dominated by Diamesa spp., Prosimulium spp., Eriopterini and Empididae at ≥2200 m a.s.l., from a more rhithral community of Orthocladiinae, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera at 1900 m a.s.l.3. Chironomidae showed a defined gradient in distribution from Pseudokiefferiella parva and Diamesa latitarsis groups close to the glacier, through D. zernyi and D. cinerella groups, Orthocladius, Parametriocnemus and Micropsectra further downstream with Rheocricotopus, Corynoneura and Nilotanypus furthest from the glacial margin. Diamesa cinerella/zernyi group was the most euryzonal taxon.4. Gradients in channel and hydraulic stability, groundwater input and mean water temperature were identified as the principal environmental variables associated with the downstream distribution gradient of zoobenthos. Diamesa, Empididae, Eriopterini and Nematoda were most tolerant of channel and hydraulically unstable and cold water habitats. Simuliidae (Prosimulium), Crenobia alpina, Rhyacophila, Chaetopterygini, Drusus rectus, Capnioneura, Orthocladius and Parametriocnemus were associated with intermediate conditions. Corynoneura, Tanypodinae, Perlidae, Chloroperlidae, Agapetus fuscipes and Coleoptera were least tolerant of channel and hydraulic instability and low water temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00848.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrobenthic invertebrate richness and composition along a latitudinal gradient of European glacier-fed streams (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 46 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The influence of 11 environmental variables on benthic macroinvertebrate communities was examined in seven glacier-fed European streams ranging from Svalbard in the north to the Pyrenees in the south. Between 4 and 11 near-pristine reaches were studied on each stream in 1996–97.2. Taxonomic richness, measured at the family or subfamily (for Chironomidae) levels for insects and higher levels for non-insects, increased with latitude from Svalbard (3 taxa) to the Pyrenees (29 taxa).3. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) incorporating channel stability [Pfankuch Index (PFAN)], tractive force, Froude number (FROU), water conductivity (COND), suspended solids (SUSP) concentration, and maximum temperature explained 79% of the total deviance of the taxonomic richness per reach. Water temperature and the PFAN of stability made the highest contribution to this deviance. In the model, richness response to temperature was positive linear, whereas the response to the PFAN was bell-shaped with an optimum at an intermediate level of stability.4. Generalized Additive Models calculated for the 16 most frequent taxa explained between 25 (Tipulidae) and 79% (Heptageniidae) of the deviance. In 10 models, more than 50% of the deviance was explained and 11 models had cross-validation correlation ratios above 0.5. Maximum temperature, the PFAN, SUSP and tractive force (TRAC) were the most frequently incorporated explanatory variables. Season and substrate characteristics were very rarely incorporated.5. Our results highlight the strong deterministic nature of zoobenthic communities in glacier-fed streams and the prominent role of water temperature and substrate stability in determining longitudinal patterns of macroinvertebrate community structure. The GAMs are proposed as a tool for predicting changes of zoobenthic communities in glacier-fed streams under climate or hydrological change scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00860.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology of glacier-fed rivers: current status and concepts (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 46 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. This paper is an introduction to a special issue of Freshwater Biology containing papers dealing with various aspects of the ecology of glacier-fed rivers.2. Using similar field protocols, a wide range of glacier-fed systems were studied across Europe from the French Pyrenees to Svalbard within the framework of the European Commission project, Arctic and Alpine Stream Ecosystem Research (AASER). Recent investigations from other parts of Europe together with New Zealand and Greenland are also reported. This work has advanced our knowledge of the functioning of these types of rivers and has led to the modification and quantification of the conceptual model of Milner & Petts (1994).3. Glacier-fed rivers, by virtue of the dominance of physical variables in shaping macroinvertebrate communities, are not only good indicators of climate change, but also may be suitable testing grounds for examining ecological concepts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00845.x
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