Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Phytochemical diversity of insect defenses in tropical and temperate plant families -- Phytochemical diversity and redundancy -- Progress in evaluating the diversity of defenses in the neotropical Meliaceae -- Analog synergism in the Lepidobotryaceae and Piperaceae -- Interaction of insect defense metabolites of the Asteraceae -- Plant integrated chemical defense hypothesis -- Plant integrated chemical defenses: comparisons with chemical arms race model -- Predictions based on the plant integrated chemical defenses hypothesis -- References -- 2 Recruitment of predators and parasitoids by herbivore-injured plants -- Introduction -- Inducible volatile signals -- The role of plant volatiles as prey and host location cues -- Elicitors and induction mechanisms -- Beta-glucosidase -- Volicitin -- Elicitors from plants -- Pathogen-derived elicitors -- The genetic basis for induction -- Specificity -- Variability -- Benefits -- Other ecological consequences of induced odor emissions -- Attraction or repellence of herbivores by induced plant odors -- Plant-plant "communication" -- Inducible nutrition -- Nutritional requirements of natural enemies -- Plant-provided nutrition and its functions -- Constitutive versus induced extrafloral nectar -- Constitutive nectar production -- Induction of food provision -- Specificity of induction: elicitors and mechanisms -- Costs and benefits -- Costs of extrafloral nectar production -- Direct costs -- Ecological costs -- The need for more field data -- Future directions -- Cross-effects -- Exploitation of induced defenses for biological control -- Evaluation of transgenic crops -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Chemical ecology of astigmatid mites -- Introduction -- Life history -- Mite rearing methods. , Chemistry of mite exudates -- Opisthonotal glands -- Compounds in the gland -- Distribution of compounds among mite species -- Functions and usage of compounds other than as semiochemicals -- Biosynthesis of mite compounds -- Summary of pheromonal functions -- Alarm pheromones -- Detection of alarm pheromone -- Identification of the gland emitting the pheromone -- Bioassay methods for alarm pheromones -- Chemistry of alarm pheromones -- Structure-activity relationships for alarm pheromones -- Aggregation pheromones -- Lardolure -- Compounds with multiple functions -- Sites of pheromone production -- Mite sex pheromones -- Chemistry -- Two explanations for puzzling distributions between males and females -- Mites have high thresholds for sex pheromones -- Dose-response relationships are convex curve -- Recent advances in pheromone research in astigmatid mites -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Semiochemistry of spiders -- Introduction -- Spider pheromones -- Mygalomorphae -- Dysderidae -- Eresidae -- Dictynidae -- Clubionidae -- Salticidae -- Lycosidae -- Thomisidae and Philodromidae -- Agenelidae -- Amaurobidae -- Ctenidae -- Pisauridae -- Araneidae -- Linyphiidae -- Theridiidae -- Tetragnathidae -- Lipids -- Overview of spider pheromones -- Spider attractants discovered serendipitously -- Kairomones used by spiders -- Spider allomones -- Chemical mimicry of spiders -- Spider toxins -- Perception and production of spider semiochemicals -- Analytical methods for the analysis of spider pheromones -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Why do flowers smell? The chemical ecology of fragrance-driven pollination -- Introduction -- Why do flowers have different odors? -- Chemical characterization of fragrance diversity -- Distributional patterns of fragrance chemistry -- Functional dissection of odor blends. , Why do flowers change their scents? -- Periodicity in fragrance emissions -- Postpollination odor change: flowers as billboards -- Fragrance shuffling in food-deceptive orchids: a mechanism for learning disruption? -- Pre- and postpollination odors in sex-deceptive orchids -- Why don't flowers have stronger odors? -- Plant defense and the pollinator-attraction bias -- Unbidden visitors and conspiratorial whispers: the perils of advertisement -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Sex pheromones of cockroaches -- Introduction -- Taxonomy, reproduction, and mating behavior -- Taxonomy -- Reproduction -- Mating behavior -- Mate finding -- Contact -- Male release of tergal volatiles -- Female feeding on male tergal secretions -- Copulation -- Postcopulation behaviors -- Sex pheromones of Blattidae: Periplaneta americana (L.) (American cockroach) -- Mating behavior -- Female volatile pheromone: (-)-periplanone-B -- Female volatile pheromone: (-)-periplanone-A -- Functions of periplanone-A and periplanone-B -- Sources of periplanones -- Female contact pheromone -- Factors affecting pheromone production and response -- Pheromone analogs and structure-activity studies -- Sex pheromone reception and processing -- Sex pheromones of other blattid species -- Periplaneta australasiae (F.) (Australian or Australasian cockroach) -- Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville) (smoky brown cockroach) -- Periplaneta japonica Karny (Japanese cockroach) -- Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister (brown cockroach) -- Blatta orientalis L. (oriental cockroach) -- Eurycotis floridana (Walker) (Florida cockroach) -- Sex pheromones of Blattellidae: Blattella germanica L. (German cockroach) -- Mating behavior -- Female volatile sex pheromone -- Female contact pheromone -- Male-produced pheromones -- Supella longipalpa (F.) (brownbanded cockroach) -- Mating behavior. , Female volatile sex pheromone: source and identification -- Factors affecting pheromone production and response -- Sex pheromones of Blaberidae: Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier) (lobster cockroach) -- Mating behavior -- Male volatile pheromones: sources and identification -- Factors affecting pheromone production and response -- Agonistic behavior and mate choice -- Male contact pheromone -- Leucophaea maderae (F.) (Madeira cockroach) -- Blaberus craniifer Burmeister (death's-head cockroach) -- Byrsotria fumigata (Gu´erin) (Cuban burrowing cockroach) -- Other blaberids -- Field and ecological observations -- Summary and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 A quest for alkaloids: the curious relationship between tiger moths and plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids -- Introduction -- Larval pyrrolizidine alkaloid feeders -- Adult pyrrolizidine alkaloid feeding -- Why pyrrolizidine alkaloids? -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Structure of the pheromone communication channel in moths -- Introduction -- Why do females signal and males respond? -- Selection for rapid mate finding -- Selection for male threshold of response and female rate of emission -- Male-produced pheromones -- Predators and parasitoids -- Phylogeny and chemical diversity of structure and biosynthetic pathways -- Genetic architecture of communications systems and mutation -- Signal specificity at the species level -- Geographic variation -- Stabilizing selection and sexual selection -- Reinforcement and reproductive character displacement -- Communication interference -- Change in the number of pheromone components -- Spread of novel signals -- Redundancy -- Evolution of antagonists -- Potential of evolution of resistance to mating disruption -- Future directions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Index.